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A Draped Female Torso in the Ashmolean Museum*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 December 2013

Olga Palagia
Olga Palagia
Affiliation:
St. Hugh's College, Oxford
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Extract

A marble fragment of a draped female figure came to the University of Oxford as part of the James Dawkins collection of marbles, presented by his brother Henry sometime between the owner's death in 1759 and the publication of Marmora Oxoniensia in 1763 (Plates XX a–d). The collection was formed during Dawkins's expedition to Palmyra with Robert Wood between 1750 and 1753. Of the other seven sculptures in it, three came from Attica, one from Caria, one from Cyzicus and two are of unknown provenance. Our statue seems to have received little attention since Michaelis saw it. It is now mounted on a limestone base bearing the number 63.

Type
Research Article
Information
The Journal of Hellenic Studies , Volume 95 , November 1975 , pp. 180 - 182
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies 1975

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References

1 Chandler, R., Marm. Oxon. (1763), no. 41Google Scholar; Michaelis, , Anc. Marb. (1882)Google Scholar, Ashmolean Museum no. 170; no provenance. Actual height 0—71 m. Michaelis had measured 0·74 m.

2 Michaelis, op. cit., 115; for the inscriptions see JHS lxxi (1951), 172 f. (M. N. Tod).

3 Michaelis no. 117 and IG II2 13194; herm of Polydeukion; no. 178 and IG IP2 3765: herm of Aurelius Appianus Chrestus; no. 203: fragment of a votive relief.

4 Michaelis no. 201 and CIG 2750: altar of Zeus Labrandes.

5 Michaelis no. 236 and CIG 3683: fragment of an inscription with a wreath in relief.

6 Michaelis no. 211: cippus of Atika; no. 235: fragment of a Corinthian capital.

7 Neither the number nor the statue are mentioned in the Summary Guide of 19203, 19314 or 19515.

8 What Carpenter, R. described as ‘fingerprints’ in AJA xxxv (1931), 252Google Scholar.

9 The profile of the himation ‘belt’ on the right side has been damaged and the edges of the drill furrows smoothed down, probably in modern times.

10 From reliefs dedicated to Asklepios, figures of Hygieia closest to ours are: Athens National Museum 1330 (Plate XXII a): Süsserott, H. K., Griech. Plast. (1938), 123, pl. 25, 3Google Scholar; Hausmann, U., Kunst und Heiltum (1948), no. 144, pl. 9Google Scholar. Athens NM 1335 (Plate XXII b): Hausmann, op. cit., no. 145; Traulos, J. N., Pict. Dict. Anc. Athens (1971), fig. 185Google Scholar. Louvre 755 (Plate XXII c): Süsserott, op. cit., pl. 25, 4; Hausmann, op. cit., no. 146, pl. 5. Verona, Museo Maffeiano: Hausmann, , Griech. Weihreliefs (1960), fig. 39Google Scholar.

11 The type of female figure draped in thin chiton and large himation can be traced back to post-Pheidian creations like the Nemesis of Agorakritos, Despinis, G., Συμβολή μελ. ἔργου Ἀγορακρίτου (1971), pls. 35–53Google Scholar. Later developments include the ‘Artemisia’ from the Mausoleum, British Museum 1001, Fuchs, W., Skulpt. Griech. (1969)Google Scholar, fig. 230, the statue in the Metropolitan Museum, Richter no. 126, the colossal fragment from the Athenian Agora S 2370, Hesperia xl (1971), 270–1, pl. 56, and countless creatures on fourth century Attic reliefs. By the end of the century the type has become stylised in the Themis of Chairestratos, Athens NM 231, the Aphrodite from Daphni NM 2167, and other early Hellenistic specimens grouped together by Horn, R., Steh. Weib. Gewand. (1931), 21Google Scholar. For Roman versions see Hekler, A., Röm. Weib. Gewand. (1909), 196–7, 203–4, figs. 23–4Google Scholar.

12 NM 2012: height 0–47 m, width 0–69 m, height of relief 0—08 m. AJA vii (1903), 309–10, 313–15, pl. 8, relief no. 6 (I. C. Thallon). Thallon had observed the similarity of the middle figure to the Muses of the Mantinea base, NM 215–17. The same has been compared to the Themis of Chairestratos and included in the Themis group of Horn, loc. cit. See also: AE (1905), 134–5 (K. Rhomaios); Studniczka, F., Sympos. Ptol. II (1914), 98, fig. 23Google Scholar; Studniczka, , Art. u. Iphig. (1926), 96, fig. 78Google Scholar; Feubel, R., Attisch. Nymphenrel., diss. Heidelberg 1935, no. 5, 9–11Google Scholar; Svoronos, J. N., Athen. Nationalmuseum, 581–5, pl. 98Google Scholar; Süsserott, op. cit., 119–20; AM lxxvii (1962), 248 n. 33 (Fuchs). For a contemporary parallel to the Nymph on the right see Agora S 1530, Hesperia xxi (1952), 109–10, pl. 28c, d (H. A. Thompson); for that on the left see the relief dedicated by Agathemeros NM 4466, Hausmann, op. cit., 61–2, fig. 31; AM lxxvii (1962), 248 f., pl. 69, 2 (Fuchs); Havelock, C. M., Hell. Art (1971), fig. 163Google Scholar.

13 NM 4466, cf. n. 12; the two Nymphs on the left of this and NM 2012 form closely related groups. Agora I 7154, Hesperia xlii (1973), 168–70, pl. 35c.

14 NM 2958: height 0–37 m, surviving width 0–36 m; carved in very low relief, of rather good though slightly careless workmanship (note especially the lower end of the staff of the middle figure and the tripod handles); the style is well inside the last quarter of the fourth century. Le Bas, , Mon. Fig. (1870), pl. 37, 2Google Scholar; Ann. Inst. (1870), 219 (Förster); Schöne, R., Griech. Reliefs (1872), 34–6, pl. 13, no. 63Google Scholar; RE VI 1492 (Waser); Rh. Mus. lx (1905), 150 f. (J. Sundwall); Horn, loc. cit. (Themis group); Walter, O., Beschreib. Reliefs (1923), 39Google Scholar; Schröder, B., Sport Altert. (1927), 32, pl. 10bGoogle Scholar; Binnebössel, R., Stud. Urkund., diss. Leipzig, 1932, no. 64Google Scholar; Svoronos, op. cit., 659, pl. 193; Süsserott, op. cit., 122, 193, pl. 24, 3; Neder. Kunst. Jaarb. 1954, 99 (Ashmole), B.Google Scholar; Hesperia xxxvii (1968), 376–7 (Lewis, D. M.)Google Scholar.

15 Svoronos, loc. cit., mistakenly read Eutaxiou. As there is a round depression of the right size next to the rather faint A, he was easily misled.

16 Harvard 1925.30.124, Beazley ABV 414, Nikomachos series no. 2.

17 Th. ii 89, 9; vi 72, 4–5; viii 1, 3–4; Pl. Alc. 1 122c; Xen. Mem. iv 4, 1; Arist. Pol. 1321a4, 1326a30.

18 Pelekides, Chr., Hist, éphébie (1962), 38Google Scholar; Reinmuth, O. W., Eph. Inscr. Fourth Cent. (1971)Google Scholar, nos. 2 (IG II21156, 11. 31, 40, 58), 9 (Agora 1 3068, 11. 7–8) and 17 (IG II2478, 11. 6, 10); IG II2665, 1. 21; IG II2900, 11. 8, 17; IG II21008, 1. 55; IG II21009, 11. 16, 35; IG II21011, 11. 18–19, 26; IG II21039, 1. 61.

19 Hesperia xxxvii (1968), 376–7 (Lewis, )Google Scholar; Davies, J. K., Ath. Prop. Fam. (1971), xxi, xxvGoogle Scholar.

20 Chares of Aixone exceptionally paid 49 dr. (line 26).

21 J. K. Davies, loc. cit.

22 SIG3 298, 11. 41–5.

23 Ibid.; BSA 1 (1955), 34 f. (Lewis, )Google Scholar; JHS lxxxvii (1967), 39 (Davies, )Google Scholar. Reinmuth, op. cit., 71, mistakenly interprets the lines 41–5 as implying that the 30 dr. were voted for the supervisor of the games. For the celebration of the Amphiareia see Hermes lvii (1922), 80 f. (Preuner, E.)Google Scholar.

24 That eutaxia, though an abstract noun, was referred to a cavalry race on the analogy of euandria had been suggested in Daremberg-Saglio III 758.

25 SIG 3 298, 11. 16–18. For apobasis see RE I 2814 (Reisch); Boll, d'arte, xxxi (1938), 348 (Rizzo); Hesperia iv (1935), 379–81; Thompson, H. A.-Wycherley, R. E., The Agora of Athens (1972), 121, pl. 166aGoogle Scholar; Démosthène, , Discours d'apparat, ed. Clavaud, R., Belles Lettres (1974), 135–7Google Scholar.

26 Cf. Ferguson, W. S., Hell. Athens (1911), 42 f.Google Scholar; Süsserott, op. cit., 120 n. 36; Hesperia xii (1943), 159 f. (Dow, and Travis, )Google Scholar; AJA xlviii (1944), 23g n. 16 (Ferguson, )Google Scholar; J. K. Davies, op. cit., XIX; Lauffer, S. in Hell. Poleis, ed. Welskopf, E. C., 1 (1974), 155 fGoogle Scholar.

27 Cf. the reliefs in Athens: NM 1482, Süsserott, op. cit., 67 f., pl. 9, 4; NM 2811, Süsserott, op. cit., 64 f., pl. 9, 3; NM 2946, Svoronos, op. cit., 657, pl. 190; NM 2985, Süsserott, op. cit., 86, pl. 5, 4.

28 Cf. NM 2811.

29 Cf. NM 1482, 2811, 2946; 2954, Svoronos, op. cit., 658, pl. 192; Akropolis Museum 3367 + 2542 with Athena, Nike and a hoplite, Walter, op. cit., no. 55.

30 NM 2946, see n. 27; NM 2954, see n. 29.

31 Athens National Museum bronze 15118. Height 1·30 m. Commonly dated toward the end of the third and the beginning of the last quarter of the fourth century. Fuchs, Skulpt. Griech., fig. 106.

32 AM lxxvii (1962), 248 n. 33.

33 One version appears on the Apulian pelike in the British Museum F. 309.

34 Cf. the Sisyphos I at Delphi, , Ant. Plastik vii (1968), 39–40, pls. 30–2 (Dohrn)Google Scholar.

35 Agora I 6524. Hesperia xxi (1952), 355–9, pls. 89–90 (Meritt); Hesperia xxxi (1962), 238 (Raubitschek); Hausmann, op. cit., 42–4, figs. 21–2; Schefold, K., Class. Greece (transi. 1967), 188, fig. 56Google Scholar; Thompson-Wycherley, op. cit., 102, pl. 53a; Zimmermann, K. in Hell. Poleis III, 1258, fig. 38Google Scholar.

36 Cf. NM 4466.

37 Cf. the Mantinea base, slab NM 217, Rizzo, Prass. (1932), pl. 132.