Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-fbnjt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-09T05:27:38.511Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Depicting Democracy: An Exploration of Art and Text in the Law of Eukrates*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 February 2012

A.J.L. Blanshard
Affiliation:
University of Reading

Abstract

This paper examines the range of symbolic associations surrounding the relief sculpture (Democracy crowning the Athenian people) that accompanied the law proposed by Eukrates against the establishment of tyranny. It examines some of the investments made in it by various communities and individuals. The role of personifications in political allegory is examined. This analysis shows both the potency of personifying representations of the Athenian people and the interpretative complexities that they create.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies 2004

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Alexandri-Tzahou, O. (19811999) ‘Demos’, LIMC 3.1 375–82Google Scholar
Babington, B. and Evans, P.W. (1993) Biblical Epics. Sacred Narrative in the Hollywood Cinema (Manchester)Google Scholar
Baecque, A. de (1997) The Body Politic. Corporeal Metaphor in Revolutionary France, 1770–1800, trans. Mandell, C. (Stanford)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boyer, P. (1985) By the Bomb's Early Light. American Thought and Culture at the Dawn of the Atomic Age (New York)Google Scholar
Brunn, E. (1889) Geschichte der griechischen Künstler (2 vols, Stuttgart)Google Scholar
Buschor, E. (1950) ‘Eine samische Ehrenurkunde’, in Miscellanea Academica Berolinensia 2, 2530Google Scholar
Cecchin, S.A. (1969) Πάτριος Πολιτεία (Turin)Google Scholar
Clairmont, C.W. (1970) Gravestone and Epigram. Greek Memorials from the Archaic and Classical Period (Mainz)Google Scholar
Clinton, K. (1996) Review of Lawton, Attic Document Reliefs, BMCR 7, 743–51Google Scholar
Conacher, D.J. (1980) Aeschylus' Prometheus Bound. A Literary Companion (Toronto)Google Scholar
Cook, J.M. (1953) ‘Archaeology in Greece’, JHS 73, 108–30CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Daux, C. (1953) ‘Chronique des fouilles et découvertes archéologiques en Grèce en 1952’, BCH 11, 199Google Scholar
Drerup, E. (1896) ‘Über die Publicationskosten der attischen Volksbeschlüsse’, Neue Jahrbücher für Philologie und Paedagogik 66, 227–57Google Scholar
Fears, J.R. (1978) ‘ỏ δη̑μος ỏ ῤωμαίων Genius Populi Romani’, Mnemosyne 31, 274–86Google Scholar
Ferguson, W. (1898) The Athenian Secretaries (Ithaca, NY)Google Scholar
Foxhall, L. (1998) ‘The politics of affection: emotional attachments in Athenian society’ in Cartledge, P.A.et al. (eds), Kosmos. Essays in Order, Conflict and Community in Classical Athens (Cambridge) 5267Google Scholar
Fuks, A. (1953) The Ancestral Constitution (London)Google Scholar
Golomstock, I. (1990) Totalitarian Art in the Soviet Union, the Third Reich, Fascist Italy and the People's Republic of China, trans. Chandler, R. (London)Google Scholar
Gutwirth, M. (1992) The Twilight of the Goddesses. Women and Representation in the French Revolutionary Era (New Brunswick)Google Scholar
Hamdorf, F.W. (1964) Griechische Kultpersonifikationen der vorhellenistischen Zeit (Mainz)Google Scholar
Hannestad, N. (1986) Roman Art and Imperial Policy (Århus)Google Scholar
Hansen, M.H. (1978) ‘Demos, Ecclesia, and Dicasterion in Classical Athens’, GRBS 19, 127–46Google Scholar
Hansen, M.H. (1989) ‘Demos, Ekklesia and Dikasterion. A reply to Martin Ostwald and Josiah Ober’, C&M 40, 101–6Google Scholar
Hansen, M.H. (1991) The Athenian Democracy in the Age of Demosthenes. Structure, Principles and Ideology, trans. Crook, J.A. (London)Google Scholar
Harrison, E.B. (1967) ‘Athena and Athens in the East Pediment of the Parthenon’, AJA 71, 2758CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Henderson, C. (2001) ‘Quorum pars parva fui’, TAPA 131, 353–62Google Scholar
Henriksen, M.A. (1997) Dr. Strangelove's America. Society and Culture in the Atomic Age (Berkeley)Google Scholar
Hinz, B. (1979) Art in the Third Reich (New York)Google Scholar
Horwitz, E.L. (1976) The Bird, the Banner, and Uncle Sam (Philadelphia)Google Scholar
Ketchum, A. (1959) Uncle Sam, the Man and his Legend (New York)Google Scholar
Korshak, Y. (1987) Frontal Faces in Attic Vase-Painting of the Archaic Period (Chicago)Google Scholar
Kougeas, S.B. (1952) ‘Ὁ ύπὲρ τῆς δημοκρατίας Νόμος τοῦ Εὐκρἀτους’, Νέα Ἐστία 52 (July), 836–9Google Scholar
Kron, U. (1976) Die zehn attischen Phylenheroen. Geschichte, Mythos, Kult und Darstellungen (Berlin)Google Scholar
Lambert, S.D. (2001) ‘The only extant decree of Demosthenes’, ZPE 137, 5568Google Scholar
Landes, J.B. (2001) Visualizing the Nation. Gender, Representation and Revolution in Eighteenth-Century France (Ithaca, NY)Google Scholar
Lapatin, K.D.S. (2001) Chryselephantine Statuary in the Ancient Mediterranean World (Oxford)Google Scholar
Lawton, C.L. (1995) Attic Document Reliefs. Art and Politics in Ancient Athens (Oxford)Google Scholar
Lichocka, B. (1997) L'iconographie de Fortuna dans l'Empire romain (Warsaw)Google Scholar
Liddel, P. (2003) ‘The places of publication of Athenian state decrees from the 5th century BC to the 3rd century AD’, ZPE 143, 7993Google Scholar
Loomis, W.T. (1998) Wages, Welfare Costs and Inflation in Classical Athens (Ann Arbor)Google Scholar
Magan, J.A. (ed.) (1990) Shaping the Superman. Fascist Body as Political Icon – Aryan Fascism (London)Google Scholar
Magan, J.A. (2000) Superman Supreme. Fascist Body as Political Icon – Global Fascism (London)Google Scholar
Meritt, B.D. (1952) ‘Greek inscriptions’, Hesperia 21, 351–5Google Scholar
Meritt, B.D. (1953) ‘The entrance to the Areopagus’, Hesperia 22, 129CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meyer, M. (1983) Die griechischen Urkundenreliefs (Berlin)Google Scholar
Millett, P.C. (1991) Lending and Borrowing in Ancient Athens (Cambridge)Google Scholar
Mitchell, L.G. (1997) Greeks Bearing Gifts. The Public Use of Private Relationships in the Greek World 435–323 BC (Cambridge)Google Scholar
Nolan, B.T. (1981) Inscribing Costs at Athens in the Fourth Century BC (PhD diss., Ohio State University)Google Scholar
Ober, J. (1989) ‘The nature of Athenian democracy’, CP 84, 322–34Google Scholar
Ober, J. (2003) ‘Tyrant killing as therapeutic stasis: a political debate in images and texts’, in Morgan, K.A. (ed.), Popular Tyranny. Sovereignty and its Discontents (Austin) 215–50Google Scholar
Oikonomides, A.N. (19561957) ‘Κριτικὰ καὶ έρμηνευτικὰ εῖς τὸν νόμον τοῦ Εύκράτου’, Polemon 6, 2836Google Scholar
Oliver, J.H. (1960) Demokratia, the Gods, and the Free World (Baltimore)Google Scholar
Ostwald, M. (1955) ‘The Athenian legislation against tyranny and subversion’, TAPA 86, 103–28Google Scholar
Ostwald, M. (1986) From Popular Sovereignty to the Sovereignty of Law. Law, Society and Politics in Fifth-century Athens (Berkeley)Google Scholar
Palagia, O. (1975) ‘A draped female torso in the Ashmolean Museum’, JHS 95, 180–2Google Scholar
Palagia, O. (1980) Euphranor (Leiden)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Palagia, O. (1982) ‘A colossal statue of a personification from the Agora of Athens’, Hesperia 51, 108–13CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Palagia, O. (1994) ‘No demokratia’ in Coulson, W.et al. (eds), The Archaeology of Athens and Attica under Democracy (Oxbow Monographs 37, Oxford) 113–22Google Scholar
Pfuhl, E. (1923) Malerei und Zeichnung der Griechen (2 vols, Munich)Google Scholar
Picard, C. (19351963) Manuel d'archéologie grecque (4 vols, Paris)Google Scholar
Podlecki, A.J. (1966) The Political Background of Aeschylean Tragedy (Ann Arbor)Google Scholar
Raubitschek, A.E. (1962) ‘Demokratia’, Hesperia 31, 238–43Google Scholar
Reinders, P. (2001) Demos Pkynites. Untersuchungen zur Darstellung des Demos in der Alten Komödie (Stuttgart)Google Scholar
Rhodes, P.J. (1972) The Athenian Boule (Oxford)Google Scholar
Rhodes, P.J. (1981) A Commentary on the Aristotelian Athenaion Politeia (Oxford)Google Scholar
Richardson, M.B. (2000) ‘The location of inscribed laws in fourth-century Athens. IG II2 44, on the rebuilding of the walls of the Peiraieus’, in Flensted-Jensen, P.et al. (eds), Polis and Politics. Studies in Ancient Greek History (Copenhagen) 601–15Google Scholar
Richter, G.M.A. (1970) Perspective in Greek and Roman Art (London and New York)Google Scholar
Ritter, S. (2001) ‘Fremde Götter und Heroen in attischen Urkundenreliefs’, JDAI 116, 129–62Google Scholar
Roberts, W. (2000) Jacques-Louis David and Jean-Louis Prieur, Revolutionary Artists. The Public, the Populace, and Images of the French Revolution (New York)Google Scholar
Robertson, M. (1975) A History of Greek Art (2 vols, Cambridge)Google Scholar
Rumpf, A. (1951) ‘Parrhasios’, AJA 55, 112Google Scholar
Rumscheid, J. (2000) Kranz und Krone. Zu Insignien, Siegespreisen und Ehrenzeichen der römischen Kaiserzeit (Tübingen)Google Scholar
Ruschenbusch, E. (1958) ‘πάτριος πολιτείά’, Historia 7, 398424Google Scholar
Schofield, M. (1998) ‘Political friendship and the ideology of reciprocity’ in Cartledge, P.A.et al. (eds), Kosmos. Essays in Order, Conflict and Community in Classical Athens (Cambridge) 3751Google Scholar
Schwartz, R.A. (1998) Cold War Culture. Media and the Arts, 1945–1990 (New York)Google Scholar
Schweigert, E. (1938) ‘Inscriptions from the North Slope of the Acropolis’, Hesperia 7, 292–4CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schwenk, C. (1985) Athens in the Age of Alexander. The Dated Laws and Decrees of ‘the Lykowgan Era’ 338–322 BC (Chicago)Google Scholar
Sealey, R. (1958) ‘On penalising Areopagites’, AJPh 79, 71–3Google Scholar
Sealey, R. (1973) ‘The origins of demokratia’, CSCA 6, 251–95Google Scholar
Shapiro, H.A. (1993) Personifications in Greek Art (Zurich)Google Scholar
Shear, T.L. (1971) ‘The Athenian Agora: excavations of 1970’, Hesperia 40, 241–79Google Scholar
Silva, U. (1973) Ideologia e arte del fascismo (Milan)Google Scholar
Sommerstein, A.H. (1981) Aristophanes. Knights (Warminster)Google Scholar
Strauss, B.S. (1993) Fathers and Sons in Athens. Ideology and Society in the Era of the Peloponnesian War (London)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thompson, H.A. (1953) ‘Excavations in the Athenian Agora’, Hesperia 22, 2556CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thompson, H.A. and Wycherley, R.E. (1972) Agora XIV. The Agora of Athens (Princeton)Google Scholar
Tracey, S. (2000) ‘Athenian politicians and inscriptions of the years 307 to 302’, Hesperia 69, 227–33CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vidal-Naquet, P. (1968) ‘La tradition de l'hoplite Athénien’, in Vernant, J.-P. (ed.), Problèmes de la guerre en Grèce ancienne (Paris) 161–82CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Villard, L. (19811999) ‘Tyche’, LIMC 8.1 115–17Google Scholar
Wankel, H. (1976) Demosthenes. Rede für Ktesiphon über den Kranz (2 vols, Heidelberg)Google Scholar
Webster, T.B.L. (1956) Art and Literature in Fourth Century Athens (London)Google Scholar
Wood, M. (1975) America in the Movies (London)Google Scholar
Wyke, M. (1997) Projecting the Past (London)Google Scholar
Yoder, E.M. (1995) Joe Alsop's Cold War. A Study of Journalistic Influence and Intrigue (Chapel Hill)Google Scholar