Countries and Cities in Ancient Art

Percy Gardner

doi:10.2307/623657

Countries and Cities in Ancient Art

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 23 December 2013

Percy Gardner

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Cities may be regarded in two lights. Firstly, they may be considered as collections of houses, with public buildings, market-places, and walls; as features of the natural landscape; as definite localities, with form, arrangement, and parts. Secondly, they may be regarded as bodies politic; as masses of inhabitants rather than groups of buildings; as personal rather than local. And it is obvious that by far the greatest interest attaches to them in the second aspect. In the first, however beautiful, they are but material, outward and visible; in the second they are living, spiritual, and immortal, with beliefs and customs, with heart and conscience. It is the people who make their city in its physical aspect, and it is only interesting as incorporating their history, and representing their character.

This is of course true always and everywhere. But no nation has been more fully alive to the truth than the Greeks. Among them the city was more homogeneous, more fully organized, more unified than among us, was more of a person and less of a place. If we further consider how strongly Greek art tended to avoid natural scenes of any complication, and to clothe all kinds of powers and abstractions in human form, we shall see how natural it is that the national painting and sculpture of the Hellenic race are scarcely ever occupied in bringing before us the external view of cities, but devote their energies to the portrayal of bodies politic in their human and moral aspects with the best resources at their disposal.

Type: Research Article
Information: The Journal of Hellenic Studies , Volume 9 , November 1888 , pp. 47 - 81

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/623657 [Opens in a new window]
Copyright: Copyright © The Society for the Promotion of Hellenic Studies 1888

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^{page 48 note 1} Paus. x. 26, 2.

^{page 48 note 2} Gerhard, , Auserl. Vascnb. iii. pl. 203.Google Scholar

^{page 48 note 3} Visconti, Una antica supelletile &c. Pls. xix., xx.: D'Agincourt, Scultura, Pl. ix.

^{page 49 note 1} Griechische Reliefs.

^{page 50 note 1} Athenaion v 101, Kumanudes, .Google ScholarEngraved, Bull. Cor. Hell. ii. Pl. xi.Google Scholar: cf. Hicks, Histor. Inscr. No. 94.

^{page 51 note 1} Mittheil. d. deut. Inst. in Athen, i. 197.

^{page 51 note 2} Those coins and those which follow will be found described in Mionnet, under the cities where they were struck.

^{page 52 note 1} Cf. Head, Hist. Num. p. lxxvii.

^{page 52 note 2} A good instance on the coins of the Samian colony of Perinthus. See Gardner, 's Samos, Pl. v. 14.Google Scholar

^{page 53 note 1} Pausanias, ii. 17, 5.

^{page 53 note 2} Pausanias, viii. 46, 2.

^{page 54 note 1} viii. 50.

^{page 54 note 2} Quaest. Graecae. 11.

^{page 55 note 1} Mus. Gregor. ii. 20: Overbeck, , Kunstmyth. pl. vi. 1.Google Scholar

^{page 55 note 2} Paus. v. 22, 6.

^{page 56 note 1} Overbeck, , Kunstmyth. Poseidon, pl. vi. 30.Google Scholar

^{page 56 note 2} Ann. d. Inst. 1850, pl. G.

^{page 57 note 1} Pl. xiii.

^{page 57 note 2} Athen. v. p. 196.

^{page 57 note 3} Polybius, xxxi. 3, in Athenaeus, v. p. 194.

^{page 58 note 1} Brugsch, , Geograph. Inschriften i. 80, ii. 58, iii. 2.Google Scholar I have to thank Mr. R. S. Poole of the British Museum for information embodied in this paragraph.

^{page 58 note 2} Wilkinson, , Anc. Egypt. v. p. 62.Google Scholar

^{page 58 note 3} Roselini, Mon. Stor. pl. cxlviii.

^{page 58 note 4} Line 181 sqq.

^{page 58 note 5} Line 370 &c.

^{page 59 note 1} Ed. Didot, iv. 90.

^{page 59 note 2} Hdt. viii. 121.

^{page 59 note 3} For 1875, p. 104. The relief is at Leyden.

^{page 60 note 1} Head, , Coinage of Syracuse, p. 37.Google Scholar

^{page 60 note 2} Bull. Corr. Hell. ii. pl. 12.

^{page 60 note 3} Br. Mus. Coin Cat. Thessaly to Aetolia, p. 132.

^{page 60 note 4} Ibid. p. 120.

^{page 61 note 1} P. 256.

^{page 61 note 2} Athen. xii. 534 d. from Satyrus: these writers give the impersonations as Ολυμπιὰς and Πυθιάς.

^{page 61 note 3} Mon. dell' Inst. ix. 43. Overbeck, , K.M. iii. pp. 543, 4, Atlas xv. 22.Google Scholar

^{page 61 note 4} For 1873.

^{page 63 note 1} v. 88.

^{page 63 note 2} Types of Greek Coins, p. 101.

^{page 63 note 3} Head, , Coinage of Syracuse, p. 37.Google Scholar

^{page 64 note 1} Athen. v. 197.

^{page 64 note 2} Mon. d. Inst. ix. 50, 51.

^{page 65 note 1} Line 181.

^{page 65 note 2} Bilderchron. vi. M.

^{page 65 note 3} For these coins see Head, Hist. Num. s.vv.

^{page 66 note 1} Pausan, . x. 18, 7. Types of Greek coins, p. 202.Google Scholar

^{page 66 note 2} Types of Greek Coins, p. 199.

^{page 67 note 1} In the British Museum.

^{page 67 note 2} Museo Borbonico, ix. 4: Helbig, Wandgemälde Campaniens, No. 1113.

^{page 67 note 3} Museo Borbonico, ix. 5: Helbig, No. 1143.

^{page 68 note 1} Millin, Gall. Mythol. pl. cxii. xiii.

^{page 68 note 2} Millingen, , Mon. Ined. i. 27.Google Scholar

^{page 68 note 3} See the article on Greek river - worship contributed by the present writer to the Transactions of the Royal Society of Literature in 1876.

^{page 68 note 4} ii. 9, ad fin.

^{page 68 note 5} ii. 14.

^{page 69 note 1} See this Journal vi. 63.

^{page 69 note 2} Ibid. p. 75.

^{page 69 note 3} Paus. ii. 2, 3.

^{page 69 note 4} See this Journal vi. 64.

^{page 70 note 1} Berichte der Kön. Säachs. Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften. Philol.-Hist. Classe, 1851, p. 119. A rough engraving in Overbeck, 's Griech. Plastik ii. p. 435.Google Scholar

^{page 70 note 2} De Mens. iv. 43.

^{page 71 note 1} Ann. dell' Inst. 1842, p. 37.

^{page 73 note 1} Pausan. ii. 20, 3.

^{page 74 note 1} Gr. Reliefs, pl. xxvi.

^{page 74 note 2} iv. 30, 6; Pindar, Frag. 14.

^{page 74 note 3} C.I.G. 2693 b.

^{page 74 note 4} C.I.G. 3137, l. 61.

^{page 74 note 5} iv. 30, 6.

^{page 75 note 1} This statue is figured in Wieseler, 's Denkmaeler xlix. 220Google Scholar, and in the histories of sculpture. An inferior copy appears in our plate.

^{page 75 note 2} P. 255.

^{page 76 note 1} Chronogr. xi. p. 276.

^{page 76 note 2} vi. 2, 7.

^{page 76 note 3} Griech. Künstler i. 412.

^{page 77 note 1} Head, , Hist. Numorum, p. 690.Google Scholar

^{page 77 note 2} Visconti, Una antica supelletile &c. Pl. xix. xx.: D'Agincourt, Scultura, pl. ix.

^{page 78 note 1} Overbeck, , Schriftquellen, p. 378.Google Scholar

^{page 78 note 2} Clarac, pl. 222, No. 301.

^{page 78 note 3} Figured in Types of Greek coins, pl. xiv, No. 15.

^{page 79 note 1} C.I.G. 3137, line 61.

^{page 79 note 2} Pl. xvi. No. 75.

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