Conferences

[Glacier Fluctuation.] Trudy mezhdunarodnogo seminara “Mekhanizm kolebaniy lednikov”: Proceedings of the international workshop [on] dynamics of glacier variations. Materialy Glyatsiologicheskikh Issledovaniy. Khronika. Obsuzhdeniya, Vyp. 32, 1978, p. 81–286. [Took place in Alma-Ata and Moscow, 30 September to 11 October 1976. Part of proceedings published in Russian (p. 81–199) and English in this issue; rest in Vyp. 33. Items listed separately.]

[Glacier Fluctuation.] Trudy mezhdunarodnogo seminara “Mekhanizm kolebaniy lednikov”: Proceedings of the international workshop on mechanism of glacier variations. Materialy Glyatsiologicheskikh Issledovaniy. Khronika. Obsuzhdeniya, Vyp. 33, 1978, p. 43–191. [Continuation of publication of papers presented at meeting held 30 September to 11 October 1976 in Alma-Ata. and Moscow. In Russian, with illustrations and references, p. 43–130. Items listed separately. Other papers published ibid., Vyp. 32, 1978, p. 81–286.]

Ives, J. D., and Zimina, R. P., ed. Mountain geoecology and land-use implications. Proceedings of the symposium of the International Geographical Union Commission on High-Altitude Geoecology, Caucasus Mountains, USSR, July 1976. Arctic and Alpine Research, Vol. 10, No. 2, 1978, p. 159–548. [Contents include: H. Kienholz, “Maps of geomorphology and natural hazards of Grindelwald, Switzerland: scale 1 : 10,000”, p. 169–84; J. D. Ives and M. J. Bovis, “Natural hazard maps for land-use planning, San Juan Mountains, Colorado, U.S.A.”, p. 185–212; J. D. Ives and P. V. Krebs, “Natural hazards research and land-use planning responses in mountainous terrain; the town of Vail, Colorado Rocky Mountains, U.S.A.”, p. 213–22; K. V. Akifyeva, N. A. Volodicheva, Ye. S. Troshkina, V. I. Turmanina, and G. K. Tushinskiy, “Avalanches of the USSR and their influence on the formation of natural-territory complexes”, p. 223–33; R. [I.] Perla, “Artificial release of avalanches in North America”, p. 235–40; V. S. Chuyenkov and V. P. Vlasov, “Snow avalanches and forest interaction in the alpine region of the Caucasus, USSR (abstract)”, p. 241–42; M. Ch. Zalikhanov, “A change of the upper boundary of forest in the greater Caucasus, USSR, under the influence of avalanches (abstract)”, p. 243–42; B. Messerli, P. Messerli, C. Pfister, and H. J. Zumbühl, “Fluctuations of climate and glaciers in the Bernese Oberland, Switzerland, and their geoecological significance, 1600 to 1975”, p. 247–60; B. H. Luckman, “Geomorphic work of snow avalanches in the Canadian Rocky Mountains”, p. 261–76; G. N. Golubev and V. M. Kotlyakov, “Glacial landscapes and their spatial variability in the temperate and subpolar latitudes”, p. 277–82; A. P. Gorbunov, “Permafrost investigations in high-mountain regions”, p. 283–94; S. A. Khapayev, “Dynamics of avalanche natural complexes: an example from the high-mountain Teberda state reserve, Caucasus Mountains, USSR”, p. 335–44; V. F. Perov, “Modern exogenous processes in the mountainous territories of the USSR (abstract)”, p. 345–46.]

Stewart, R. H., ed. I[inter-]U[nion] C[ommission on] R[adio] M[eteorology] colloquium on ‘radio oceanography’ held at Hamburg, [Federal Republic of Germany,] 29 September to 6 October, 1976. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, Vol. 13, Nos. 1–4, 1978, 429 p. [Contents include the following papers of particular interest to sea-ice specialists: W. Düing, “Spatial and temporal variability of major ocean currents and mesoscale eddies”, p. 7–22; C. Elachi, “Radar imaging of the ocean surface”, p. 165–79; R. A. Shuchman and J. S. Zelenka, “Processing of ocean wave data from a synthetic aperture radar”, p. 181–91; A. M. Reece, Jr, “Modulation of short waves by long waves”, p. 203–14; T. T. Wilheit, Jr. “A review of applications of microwave radiometry to oceanography”, p. 277–93; W. J. Campbell [and 19 others], “Microwave remote sensing of sea ice in the AIDJEX main experiment”, p. 309–37; P. Gloersen, H. J. Zwally, A. T. C. Chang and D. K. Hall, W. J. Campbell and R. O. Ramseier, “Time-dependence of sea-ice concentration and multilayer ice fraction in the Arctic basin”, p. 339–59: M. Tiuri, M. Hallikainen, and A. Lääperi, “Radiometer studies of low-salinity sea ice”, p. 361–71; J. A. Dunne, “The experimental oceanographic satellite Seasat-A”, p. 393–404; P. Gudmandsen [and 7 others], “Radio observations of polar regions”, p. 413–16.]

Williams, P. J., and FrÉmond, M., ed. Soil freezing and highway construction. Ottawa, Carleton University, Paterson Centre; Paris, École Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, [1978]. ix, 105 p. [Seminar-course held in Ottawa, 17–21 October 1977. Includes: P. J. Williams, “General properties of freezing soils”, p. 7–12; J. Aguirre-Puente, “Laboratory research and simulation”, p. 13–19; M. W. Smith, “Principles of surface energy and soil thermal regime”, p. 20–26; J. Aguirre-Puente, “Problems of the interface—microscopic and macroscopic mechanisms of freezing”, p. 27–33; P. J. Williams, “Thermal properties of soils”, p. 34–39; L. Caniard, “Winter statistics—characterisation and principal types of winters in France”, p. 40–44; L. Caniard, “Frost susceptibility of soils. Experimental method for classification of soils according to their degree of frost susceptibility”, p. 50–56; D. Gorlé, “Frost susceptibility of soils; effect of thermal variables, of interstitial pressure, and of degree of saturation”, p. 57–63.]

Chung-kuo K’e-hsÜeh-yÜan Lan-chou Ping-ch’uan Tunc-t’u Sha-mo Yen-chiu-so Ping-ch’uan Yen-chiu-shih [and] Lan-chou Ta-hsÜeh Ti-chih Ti-li Hsi [Glacier Research Laboratory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Research Institute into Glaciers, Frozen Soil, and Deserts at Lan-chou and the Department of Geology and Geography, Lan-chou University]. Ping-hsüeh shih-chieh [The world of ice and snow]. Peking, K’e-hsüeh ch’u-pan-she, 1978. vi, 164 p.

Granberg, H. B. Some effects of multiple reflections between ground and sky. McGill University. Dept. of Geography. Climatological Bulletin, No. 23, 1978, p. 1–14. [Computer simulation model used to examine effects of multiple reflections over surface of different albedo (such as snow cover, permafrost, glaciers) under different sky conditions.]

Higuchi, K. Outline of the glaciological expedition of Nepal (2). Seppyō, Vol. 39, Special Issue, 1977, p. 1–2. [Describes objectives of 1975 expedition which follows on 1973 and 1974 expeditions.]

Higuchi, K. Outline of the glaciological expedition of Nepal (3). Seppyō, Vol. 40, Special Issue, 1978, p. 1–3. [Describes objectives of 1976 expedition, which follows yearly expeditions since 1973.]

Kieffer, H. H., and others. Thermal albedo mapping of Mars during the Viking primary mission, by H. H. Kieffer, T. Z. Martin, A. R. Peterfreund and B. M. Jakosky, E. D. Miner and F. D. Pallueoni. Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 82, No. 28, 1977, p. 4249–91. [Among many results, evidence for presence of daily local ice fogs is given.]

List, F. K., and StÄblein, G. Satellitenbild. Diskobugt/Westgrönland. Polares Meer und arktische Landschaft zwischen Diskoinsel und Inlandeis. Erdkunde, Jahrg. 109, Ht. 2, 1978, p. 122–35. [Interprets geological and geomorphological conditions and land and sea ice around Disko Bugt, Vestgrønland, from two small-scale Landsat satellite images.]

McMillan, R. S. Are long wavelengths of maximum interstellar polarization due to water ice mantles on grains? Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 225, No. 2, Pt. 1, 1978, p. 417–21. [Width of absorption feature in the spectrum rules out this possibility.]

Marshunova, M. S., and Chernigovskiy, N. T. Radiation regime of the foreign Arctic. Translated from Russian. New Delhi, Indian National Scientific Documentation Centre for the Office of Polar Programs and the National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C., 1978. vi, 189 p. (TT 72-51034.) [Translation of Radiatsionnyy rezhim zarubezhnoy Arktiki. Leningrad, Gidrometeorologicheskoye Izdatel’stvo, 1971.]

Mead, K. L., comp. Bibliography of international dry valley publications 1907–1977. Christchurch, Dept. of Scientific and Industrial Research, Antarctic Division, 1978. i, 162 p. [Comprises references to papers by authors from all Antarctic treaty nations who have carried out research in this area of Victoria Land. Includes glaciology section, p. 73–87.]

Nikitenko, F. A., ed. Nauchnyye problemy sooruzheniya Baykalo–Amurskoy zheleznodorozhnoy magistrali [Scientific problems in the construction of the Baykal–Amur main line]. Novosibirskiy Institut Inzhenerov Zheleznodorozhnogo Transporta. Trudy, Vyp. 176, 1976, 198 p. [Collection of articles on problems arising from severity of climate, permafrost, and avalanches.]

Nye, J. F. Remote sensing in glaciology and the physics of echoes. (In Peel, R. F., and others, ed. Remote sensing of the terrestrial environment. Proceedings of the twenty-eighth Symposium of the Colston Research Society, held in the University of Bristol, April 5th to 9th, 1976. Edited by R. F. Peel, L. F. Curtis, and E. C. Barrett. London, etc., Butterworths, [1977], p. 189–97.) [Outlines general applications of remote sensing in glaciological studies and describes in some detail radio echo-sounding of polar ice masses.]

Ommanney, C. S. L. Bibliography of Canadian glaciology, 1975—bibliography no. 1. Ottawa, Environment Canada. Inland Waters Directorate. Water Resources Branch, 1978. vii, 117 p. (Glacier Inventory Note No. 10; Report Series No. 59.) [Lists all snow and ice studies in Canada published or printed in 1975.]

Parker, B. C., and others. Ross Ice Shelf Project environmental impact statement, July, 1974, by B. C., Parker, M. A. McWhinnie, D. Elliott, S. Reed, R. H. Rutford. (In Parker, B. C., and Holliman, M. C., ed. Environmental impact in Antarctica. Select papers by scientists addressing impact assessment, monitoring, and potential impact of man’s activities in the Antarctic. Blacksburg, Va., Biology Dept., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, [1978], p. 7–36.) [Summarizes RISP programme and discusses effect on environment, suggesting remedial and protective measures.]

Smoluchowski, R. Amorphous ice on Saturnian rings and on icy satellites: its formation, stability, and observability. Science, Vol. 201, No. 4358, 1978, p. 809–11. [Discusses possibility of amorphous rather than crystalline layer on surface, and how one could detect this.]

Swithinbank, C. W. M., and Lane, C. Antarctic mapping from satellite imagery. (In Peel, R. F., and others, ed. Remote sensing of the terrestrial environment. Proceedings of the twenty-eighth Symposium of the Colston Research Society, held in the University of Bristol, April 5th to 9th, 1976. Edited by R. F. Peel, L. F. Curtis, and E. C. Barrett. London, etc., Butterworths, [1977], p. 212–21.) [Discusses value of Landsat imagery which has led to publication of seven 1 : 250000 scale map sheets of Antarctica.]

Glaciological instruments and methods

Abe, O. Kogata seppyō shiryō no seikeigu futatsu [Two kinds of tool for cutting ice and compressed snow into a precisely rectangular shape]. Kokuritsu Bōsai Kagaku Gijutsu Sentā Kenkyū Hōkoku: Report of the National Research Center for Disaster Prevention, No. 19, 1978, p. 251–60. [English abstract, p. 251.]

Adams, W. A., and Flavelle, P. A. Low temperature adapted submersible spectrophotometers for use in floating ice research. Ottawa, Environment Canada. Inland Waters Directorate. Water Resources Branch, 1978. v, 15 p. (Scientific Series No. 82.) [Describes apparatus and its operation, with examples of systems used for various ice conditions.]

Arya, V. K., and Holden, H. D. Deconvolution of seismic data—an overview. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience Electronics, Vol. GE-16, No. 2, 1978, p. 95–98. [Four techniques described.]

Bozozuk, M., and Baker, T. H. W. Measuring total volumetric strains during triaxial tests on frozen soils: a new approach. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 15, No. 4, 1978, p. 620–21. [Comments on paper by M. J. O’Connor and R. J. Mitchell, ibid., Vol. 15, No. 1, 1978, p. 47–53.]

Cox, L. M., and others. The care and feeding of snow pillows, by L. M. Cox, L. D. Bartree, A. G. Crook, P. E. Farnes, and J. L. Smith. Proceedings of the Western Snow Conference, 46th annual meeting, 1978, p. 40–47. [Describes correct maintenance of these devices for measurement of snow water equivalent.]

Foehner, O. H. Developing techniques for measuring precipitation. Proceedings of the Western Snow Conference, 46th annual meeting, 1978, p. 26–32. [Emphasis on precipitation as snow-fall.]

Goodison, B. E., and McKay, D. J. Canadian snowfall measurements: some implications for the collection and analysis of data from remote stations. Proceedings of the Western Snow Conference, 46th annual meeting, 1978, p. 48–57. [Evaluates accuracy of several types of snow gauges.]

Goodrich, L. E. Efficient numerical technique for one-dimensional thermal problems with phase change. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 21, No. 5, 1978, p. 615–21. [Technique for calculating depth of frost or thaw penetration.]

Grey, T. Fieldwork in the Y.E.T. Yetmag (Young Explorers’ Trust, London), 5, 1978, p. 24–25. [Describes new method, based on diffraction of light, for measuring short-term glacier movement.]

Hoekstra, P. Electromagnetic methods for mapping shallow permafrost. Geophysics, Vol. 43, No. 4, 1978. p. 782–87 [Two techniques, radiohm and magnetic induction, evaluated for ability to delineate and measure thickness of permafrost.]

Hudson J. A. Melt-water gauge (snow gauge). (In Selected measurement techniques in use at Plynlimon experimental catchments. Wallingford, Oxon., Institute of Hydrology. 1977, p. 28–32. (Report No. 43.)) [Describes assembly, materials, and costs of gauge. Used on mountain-side in North Wales.]

Kovacs, A. A radar profile of a multi-year pressure ridge fragment. Arctic, Vol. 31, No. 1, 1978, p. 59–62. [Evaluates use of this technique, presenting and discussing results from near Narwhal Island, Alaska.]

Koziar, A. Applications of audio frequency magnetotellurics to permafrost, crustal sounding, and mineral exploration. Dissertation Abstracts International, B, Vol. 39, No. 4, 1978, p. 1679-B–80-B. [Describes technique which was applied to measuring thickness of permafrost at Tuktoyaktuk, Mackenzie River delta, N.W.T., Canada. Abstract of Ph.D. thesis, University of Toronto, 1976.]

Koziar, A., and Strangway, D. W. Permafrost mapping by audiofrequency magnetotellurics. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 15, No. 10, 1978, p. 1539–46. [Describes technique, used successfully near Tuktoyaktuk N.W.T., Canada.]

Letvak, D. B. Metrication of field equipment and operations for British Columbia snow surveys. Proceedings of the Western Snow Conference, 46th annual meeting, 1978, p. 21–25. [Describes how this change was achieved.]

Nakamura, H. Shinsetsu seizō sōchi no sakusei [A new apparatus to produce fresh snow]. Kokuritsu Bōsai Kagaku Gijutsu Sentā Kenkyú Hōkoku: Report of the National Research Center for Disaster Prevention, No. 19, 1978, p. 229–38 [Describes apparatus “Shimo-bako” (frost box) for making frost which may be used instead of snow in model experiments.]

Popov, I. K., and others. Ispol’zovaniye gidrolokatora bokovogo obzora dlya issledovaniya podvodnykh poverkhnostey [The use of side-looking sonars for underwater surface studies]. [By] I. K. Popov, V. N. Roslyakov, P. V. Bogorodskiy. Problemy Arktiki i Antarktiki, Vyp. 54, 1978, p. 88–92. [Evaluates method for study of floating ice in Antarctic waters.]

Raisbeck, G. M., and others. Beryllium-10 mass spectrometry with a cyclotron, [by] G. M. Raisbeck, F. Yiou, M. Fruneau, J. M. Loiseaux. Science, Vol. 202, No. 4364, 1978, p. 215–17. [Describes technique for measuring isotopic beryllium, which has been applied to polar ice.]

Raibeck, G. M., and others. Measurement of ¹⁰Be in 1,000-and 5,000-year-old Antarctic ice, [by] G. M. Raisbeck, F. Yiou, M. Fruneau, M. Lieuvin, J. M. Loiseaux. Nature, Vol. 275, No. 5682, 1978, p. 731–33. [Describes technique for measuring isotopic beryllium by nuclear accelerator spectrometry.]

Turner, F. M., and others. Optical techniques for counting ice particles in mixed phase clouds, [by] F. M. Turner, L. F. Radke, and P. V. Hobbs. Atmospheric Technology, No. 8, 1976, p. 25–31. [Describes the University of Washington’s automatic ice particle counter and the Mee Industries Model 120 ice crystal counter.]

Whitley, W. E. Two dredges for use through drill holes in ice. NZOI Records (New Zealand Oceanographic Institute), Vol. 4, No. 1, 1978. p. 1–8. [For sampling sea-floor biota and sediment.]

Zuzel, J. F., and Cox, L. M. A review of operational water supply forecasting techniques in areas of seasonal snowcover. Proceedings of the Western Snow Conference, 46th annual meeting, 1978, p. 69–77. [Discusses and reviews several forecast models.]

Physics of ice

Azouni, M. A. Instabilités hydrodynamiques au voisinage de l’interface eau–glace. Lecture Notes in Physics, Vol. 72, 1978, p. 54–60. [Ice formed by upwards vertical freezing of various aqueous solutions shows helicoidal segregation of impurities due to thermoconvective instabilities in the water induced by the density maximum at 4°C.]

Bergren, M. S., and others. The OH stretching region infrared spectra of low density amorphous solid water and polycrystalline ice ih, [by] M. S. Bergren, D. Smith. M. G. Sceats, and S. A. Rice. Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 69, No. 8, 1978. p. 3477–82. [Transmission spectra measured and complex refractive index deduced and discussed.]

Bertie, J. E., and Jacobs S. M. Infrared spectra from 300 to 10 cm⁻¹ of structure II clathrate hydrates at 4.3°K. Journal Chemical Physics, Vol. 69, No. 9, 1978, p. 4105–13. [Measurements reported. Density of translational vibrational states of water molecules is similar to, but with more pronounced features than, that of structure I hydrates.]

Broto, F., and others. Détermination par microscopie électronique de la granulométrie d’une émulsion d’eau et corrélation entre la cristallisation des gouttes et leur diamètres, par F. Broto, D. Clausse, L. Babin et M. Mercier. Journal de Chimie Physique, Tom. 75, No .10, 1978, p. 908–10. [Electron microscopy used to study Kinetics of crystallization of water droplets emulsified in oil.]

Davidson, D. W., and others. NMR behavior of the clathrate hydrate of tetrahydrofuran. II. Deuterium measurements, [by] D. W. Davidson, S. K. Garg, and J. A. Ripmeester. Journal of Magnetic Resonance, Vol. 31, No 3. 1978, p. 399–410. [Line shapes, spin-echo signal shapes, and spin-lattice and spin-spin relaxation times measured from 6 to 277 K. Results interpreted in terms of inequivalence of orientations of encaged molecules below 200 K when water molecules do not reorient.]

Descamps M., and Coulon, G. Series expansion calculation of the elastic neutron diffuse scattering: ice Ih Chemical Physics, Vol. 25, No. 1, 1977. p. 117–30. [Theoretical systematic method for calculating coherent diffuse elastic scattering which agrees well with experiment.]

Dyrkheyev, V. V., and others. Izucheniye infrakrasnykh spektrov vodnogo klatrata CF₃I [Study of the infrared spectra of a clathrate hydrate of CF₃I]. [By] V. V . Dyrkheyev, D . Yu. Stupin, V. N. Tezikov. Zhurnal Fizicheskoy Khimii, Tom 52, Vyp. 8, 1978, p. 2096–97. [Study of spectra in OH and OD stretching region. English translation in Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 52, No. 8, 1978, p. 1208–10.]

Edmonds D. T., and White, A. A. L. Double transtions in deuterium quadrupole resonance. Journal of Magnetic Resonance, Vol. 31, No. 1, 1978, p. 149–59. [Includes results on D₂O ice.]

Forouhi, A. R., and Bloomer I. A quantum mechanical approach to the velocity of dislocations in ice. Physica Status Solidi (B), Vol. 89 No. 1, 1978, P. 309–12 [Quantum-mechanical tunnelling of kinks on dislocation line through the barrier formed by misoriented protons can explain plastic deformation of ice.]

Fujioka T. Study of ice growth in slightly undercooled water. Dissertation Abstracts International, B, Vol. 39, No. 3, 1978, p. 1438-B–39-B. [Experiments on the growth of ice crystals from the tip of a capillary tube and Comparison with theoretical models. Abstract of Ph.D. thesis, Carnegie–Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pa., 1978. University Microfilms order no. 78-15199.]

Evans, D. C. B. , and others. The kinetic friction of ice, by D. C. B. Evans, J. F. Nye, and K. J. Cheeseman. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Ser. A, Vol. 347, No. 1651, 1976, p. 493–512. [Measurements using various temperatures and velocities and sliders of various materials. Results compared with theory; for mild steel and polymethylmethacrylate heat loss is mainly through ice, for copper both materials contribute significantly.]

Gilpin, R. R. A study of factors affecting the ice nucleation temperature in a domestic water supply. Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, Vol. 56, No. 4, 1978, P. 466–71. [Amount of supercooling measured to be between 4 and 7 deg. Diseussion of significance of this in affecting the way a water-pipe freezes.]

Hajdu, F. The Structural model of water, II. The structure of amorphous ice and structural relations between water and some ice polymorphs on the basis of the tetragonal cluster model. Acta Chimica Academice Scientiarum Hungaricae, Tom. 96, Fasc. 4, 1978, p. 355–71. [Tetragonal cluster model of water used to explain results on amorphous ice and its transformation into ice Ic and ice Ih.]

Johnson, J. E., and Moulton, G. C. ESR study of ice irradiated at 4.2 K., a thermally reversible radical. Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 69, No. 7, 1978, p. 3108–11 [New radical observed in ice irradiated with 3 MeV X-rays and subsequently warmed.]

Kevan, L. On the solvation shell geometry for silver atom solvation and desolvation in ice matrices. Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 69, No. 7, 1978, p. 3444–46. [Letter. Recent results interpreted to give geometrical arrangement of water molecules around silver atom formed from a silver ion and subsequent thermal re-arrangement.]

Kishore, K., and others. Radiation chemistry of nitrate ices, by K. Kishore, P. N. Moorthy, and K. N. Rao Radiation Physics and Chemistry, Vol. 11, No. 5, 1978, p. 239–47. [Yields of NO₂ ⁻, H₂O₂, O₂, and H₂ measured at different nitrate concentrations and results interpreted in terms of scavenging effects of primary species.]

Langer, G., and others Ice nucleation mechanisms of submicron monodispersed silver iodide, 1,5–dihydroxy-naphthalene and phloroglucinol aerosol particles, [by] G. Langer, G Cooper, C. T. Nagamoto and J. Rosinski. Journal of Applied Meteorology, Vol. 17, No. 7, 1978, P. 1039–48. [First two nucleated by contact only, whereas phloroglucinol and AgI–NaCl mixed particles acted by condensation freezing as well.]

Lebedev, D. P., and others. Issledovaniye teplofizicheskikh svoystv l’da metodom impul’snogo istochnika tepla [Study of the thermophysical properties of ice by a pulsed-heat-source method]. [By] D. P. Lebedev, V. N . Men’shov, V. V. Uvarov. Elektronnaya Obrabotka Materialov, 1978, No. 4, p. 64–68.

Levi, L., and others. Crystal structure of ice accretions, [by] L. Levi, L. Lubart, and E. M . de Achaval. Nuouo Cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica, Vol. 1C, Ser. 1, No. 1, 1978, p. 86–92. [Wind-tunnel experiments and application to study of hailstones.]

Loch, J. P. G. Thermodynamic equilibrium between ice and water in porous media. Soil Science, Vol. 126, No. 2, 1978, p. 77–80. [Derivation of equation for difference between pressure of the ice phase and the total potential of the water phase.]

McGraw, R., and others. A theoretical study of the OH stretching region of the vibrational spectrum of ice Ih, [by] R. McGraw, W. G . Madden, M. S. Bergren and S. A. Rice, M. G. Sceats. Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 69, No. 8, 1978, p. 3483–96. [Model results in predicted spectra in rather good agreement with observation. Intermolecular coupling comparable in strength to intramolecular coupling.]

Madden , W. G., and others. A conjectured interpretation of the OH stretching spectrum of low density amorphous solid water, [by] W. G. Madden, M. G. Bergren, R. McGraw and S. A. Rice, M. G . Sceats. Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 69, No. 8, 1978, p. 3497–501. [Model developed for ice Ih extended to amorphous phase. Differences in vibrational spectrum arise from larger variation in O–O bond distances.] Chemical Physics, Vol. 69, No. 8, 1978, p. 3497–501. [Model developed for ice Ih extended to amorphous phase. Differences in vibrational spectrum arise from larger variation in O–O bond distances.]

MaÏ, C., and others. Vitesse des dislocations dans la glare dopée avec HF, [par] C. Maï, J. Perez, J. Tatibouët, et R. Vassoille. Journal de Physique. Lettres, Tom. 39, No. 17, 1978. p. 307–10. [Measurement by X-ray topography shows increased dislocation velocity and increased non-linearity of stress dependence of velocity compared with pure ice. A model with non-crystalline cores can explain the results.]

Martin, P. F., and others. Experiments in ice physics, [by] P. F. Martin, A. J. Murkett, and W. C. Roe. Physics Education, Vol. 13, No. 7, 1978, p. 420–23. [Suggests two experiments suitable for an undergraduate physics laboratory. The first measures the variation of electrical conductivity with temperature, the second measures the dielectric dispersion.]

Michel, B. The strength of polycrystalline ice. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, Vol. 5, No. 3, 1978, p. 285–300.

Nakamura, T., and Abe, O. Internal friction of snow and ice at low frequency. (In Hasiguti, R. R., and Mikoshiba, N., ed. Internal friction and ultrasonic attenuation in solids. Proceedings of the sixth International Conference on Internal Friction and Ultrasonic Attenuation in Solids held July 4–7, 1977, Tokyo. [Tokyo], University of Tokyo Press, [^c1977] p. 285–89.) [Measurements at 3 to 13 Hz and from −180 to 0° C. All samples show rise near 0°C, but smallest for single crystals, and a peak at c. −10° C, larger for smaller density. HF doping increased internal friction near melting point due to plastic deformation.]

Nakayama, H., and Watanabe, K. Hydrates of organic compounds. III. The formation of clathrate-like hydrates of tetrabutylanimonium dicarboxylates. Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan, Vol. 51, No. 9, 1978, p. 2518–22. [Study of freezing of aqueous solutions of 20 of these compounds to see effect of dicarboxylate anions on clathrate-like hydrate formation.]

Nikolayev, Ye. N., and Tantsyrev, G. D. Obrazovaniye termodinamicheski nevygodnykh klastcroy (H₂O) _n ⁺ c n = 1–30 [Formation of thermodynamically unfavourable clusters (H₂O) _n ⁺ with n = 1–30]. Khimiya Vysokikh Energiy, Tom 12, No. 4, 1978, p. 301–05. [Formed during irradiation of ice with atomic or ionic beams due to impurities. In pure ice H⁺ (H₂O) _n are formed.]

Pines, A., and others. NMR double-quantum spin decoupling in solids, [by] A. Pines, S. Vega, and M. Mehring. Physical Review B, Third Ser., Vol. 18, No. 1, 1978, p. 112–25. [Includes analysis of experimental results on D₂O ice.]

Sivakumar, T. C., and others. Effect of pressure on the Raman spectrum of ice, [by] T. C. Sivakumar, H. A. Chew, G. P. Johari. Nature, Vol. 275, No. 5680, 1978, p. 524–25. [Letter. Measurements at various temperatures and pressures showing increase of in-phase OH stretching frequency with temperature at constant volume. Result discussed.]

Sivakumar. T. C., and others. Raman spectroscopic studies of the OH stretching region of low density amorphous solid water and of polycrystalline ice lh, [by] T. C. Sivakumar and S. A. Rice, M. G. Sceats. Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 69, No. 8, 1978, P. 3468–76. [Spectra interpreted as due to strong intermolecular coupling of OH oscillators. At low-frequency end there is a mode with all oscillators in phase. Earlier interpretation by Venkatesh and others (ibid., Vol. 63, No. 3, 1975, p. 1065–71) is withdrawn.]

Tovbin. M. V., and Tovbina, Z. M. Rol’ adsorbtsii v mekhanizme geterogennoy kristallizatsii pereokhlazhdennoy vody [Role of adsorption in the mechanism of heterogeneous crystallization of supercooled water]. Kolloidnyy Zhurnal, Tom 40, Vyp. 4, 1978, P. 802–06. [Confirms that ice forms because surface cavities in the adsorption layer on the crystal nuclei are filled. English summary, p. 806.]

Tse, J. T. Physical adsorption, contact angle, and ice adhesion studies on plastics. Dissertation Abstracts International, B, Vol. 39, No. 5, 1978, p. 2327-B. [Includes work on ice adhesion, creep, and friction. Adhesion forces increase with surface roughness of polytetrafluoroethylene and polyethylene, but magnitude much less than predicted. Abstract of Ph.D. thesis, University of Southern California, 1978. Copies available from Micrographics Dept., Doheny Library, U.S.C., Los Angeles, CA 90007, U.S.A.]

Valeri, S.. and Mantovani, S. The liquidlike layer at the ice surface: a direct experimental evidence. Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 69, No. 11, 1978, p. 5207–08. [Strain gauges frozen on to the surface of ice single crystals behave as if free down to −15°C for directions perpendicular to the c-axis and to −5°C for these parallel to the c-axis.]

Vassoille, R., and others. Internal friction of ice Ih due to crystalline defects, [by] R. Vassoille, J. Perez, C. Maï, and P. F. Gobin. [In Hasiguti, R. R., and Mikoshiba, N., ed. Internal friction and ultrasonic attenuation in solids. Proceedings of the sixth International Conference on Internal Friction and Ultrasonic Attenuation in Solids held July 4–7, 1977, Tokyo. [Tokyo], University of Tokyo Press, [^c1977], p. 279–83.) [Measurements of internal friction and relation to defects and dislocations.]

Land Ice. Glaciers. Ice shelves

Ageta, Y., and Satow [i.e. SatŌ], K. Study of the mass balance of small glaciers in Khumbu Himal during the summer monsoon season. Seppyō, Vol. 40, Special Issue, 1978, p. 4–11. [Annual accumulation and ablation occur simultaneously during monsoon. Positive mass balance in middle-upper part of glacier, negative in lower; total concluded to be positive.]

Aver’yanov, V. G. Mnogoletniye kharakteristiki akkumulyatsii na stantsii Vostok, Antarktida [Long-term characteristics of accumulation at Vostok Station, Antarctica]. Problemy Arktiki i Antarkliki, Vyp. 54, 1978, P. 93–99. [Compares results of measuring snow and ice accumulation by different methods over past 20 years.]

Bakov, Ye. K. Kolebaniya polva godovoy skorosti izokhronnoy poverkhnosti lednika Karabatkak v 1974–1976 gg. [Variations of the field of the annual velocity of the isochronous surface of Lednik Karabatkak in 1974–76]. Materialy Glyatsiologicheskikh Issledovaniy. Khronika. Obsuzhdeniya, Vyp. 33, 1978, p. 225–26. [In Khrebet Terskiy Alatau, Soviet Central Asia. English summary, p. 226.]

Baranowski, S. Surges of Spitsbergen glaciers as features related to climate. Materialy Glyatsiologicheskikh Issledovaniy. Khronika. Obsuzhdeniya, Vyp. 33, 1978, p. 168–70. [In Russian, with figures and reference list, p. 103–06. Discussion, p. 184–85; in Russian, p. 124.]

Barber, J. E. A search for DDT in Alaskan glaciers. Dissertation Abstracts International, B, Vol. 39, No. 2, 1978, p. 691-B–92-B. [Survey on Juneau Ice Field and Mendenhall Glacier and test of techniques for analysis show all samples free of DDT at 10⁻¹² g/ml level. Abstract of Ph.D. thesis, University of Minnesota, 1978. University Microfilms order no. 78–13377.]

Bennett, H. F., and others. Seismic velocity measurements in a rock (ice) undergoing shear metamorphism, [by] H. F. Bennett, B. W. Prather, J. B. Wanslow, R. M. Turpening, J. Adams. Eos. Transactions, American Geophysical Union, Vol. 59, No. 4, 1978, p. 309. [Abstract. Measurements on Ross Ice Shelf.]

Bentley, C. R, and Shabtaie, S. Geophysical evidence for the mass balance at the ice/water boundary beneath the Ross Ice Shelf Eos. Transactions, American Geophysical Union, Vol. 59, No. 4, 1978, p. 309. [Abstract.]

Berner, W., and others. Past atmospheric composition and climate, gas parameters measured on ice cores, [by ] W.Berner, B. Stauffer, H. Oeschger. Nature, Vol. 276, No. 5683, 1978, p. 53–55. [Data from Camp Century, Greenland, ice core provided information on history of atmospheric CO₂ content, but complex processes during snow formation and metamorphosis must be taken into account.]

Bindschadler, R. A., and others. Sliding velocity of a surge-type glacier during its quiescent phase of motion, [by] R. [A.] Bindschadler, C. [F.]Raymond, W. [D.] Harrison. Materialy Glyatsiologicheskikh Issledovaniy. Khronika. Obsuzhdeniya, Vyp. 32, 1978, p. 224–29. [Studies on Variegated Glacier, south-east Alaska. In Russian, p. 109–17, with figures and reference list. Discussion, p. 280; in Russian, p. 192–93.]

Bindschadler, R. A., and others. Summary of research on a surge-type glacier in Alaska, [by] R. [A.] Bindschadler, W. [D.] Harrison, C. [F.] Raymond. Materialy Glyatsiologicheskikh Issledovaniy. Khronika. Obsuzhdeniya, Vyp. 33, 1978, p. 138–42. [Variegated Glacier, south-east Alaska. In Russian, p. 58–63.]

Bozhinskiy, A. N. Vozmozhnyye podvizhki lednikov yevraziatskoy arktichpskoy zony [Possible glacier surges in the Eurasian Arctic region]. Materialy Glyatsiologicheskikh Issledovaniy. Khronika. Obsuzhdeniya, Vyp. 33, 1978, p. 192–96. [Discusses glacier surges on Spitsbergen, Zemlya Frantsa-losifa, Novaya Zemlya, and Severnaya Zemlya. English summary, p. 196.]

Bozhinskiy, A. N., and Grigoryan, S. S. The internal heating and surges of non-temperate glaciers. Materialy Glyatsiologicheskikh Issledovaniy. Khronika. Obsuzhdeniya, Vyp. 32, 1978, p. 210–13. [Presents quantitative analysis of internal heating process in glacier caused by viscous dissipation of energy. In Russian, p. 92–98, with figures, table, and reference list. Discussion, p. 278–79; in Russian, p. 191.]

Braithwaite, R. J. Air temperature and glacier ablation—a parametric approach. Dissertation Abstracts International, B, Vol. 39, No. 4, 1978, p. 1685-B. [Data from White Glacier, Axel Heiberg Island, N.W.T., Canada. Abstract of Ph.D. thesis, McGill University, 1977.]

Bryazgin, N. N., and Mordvinov, A. A. Mcteorologicheskiye usloviya perioda ablyatsii i stok s lednikov Severnoy Zemli [Meteorological conditions of the ablation period and run-off from glaciers of Severnaya Zemlya], Materialy Glyatsiologicheskikh Issledovaniy. Khronika. Obsuzhdeniya, Vyp. 32, 1978, p. 37–43. [Field studies in 1965 and 1974–76. English summary, p. 43.]

Budd, W. F., and McInnes, B. G. The periodically surging Medvezhi glacier matched with a general ice flow model. Materialy Glyatsiologicheskikh Issledovaniy. Khonika. Obsuzhdeniya, Vyp. 32, 1978, p. 247–60. [Results obtained with model compare well with those from Lednik Medvezhiy, Tadzhikskaya SSR. In Russian, p. 143–61, with figures and reference list. Discussion, p. 281–85; in Russian, p. 194–97.]

Chernova, L. P. Intensivnost’ massoobmena lednikov kak pokazatel’ seleopasnosti [The rate of mass exchange of glaciers as an index of mud-flow hazard], Materialy Glyatsiologicheskikh Issledovaniy. Khranika. Obsuzhdeniya, Vyp. 32, 1978, p. 63–70. [English summary, p. 69–70.]

Chinn, T. J. Hydrology-glaciology programme in Antarctica. (New Zealand) Antarctic Record (Wellington), Vol. 1, No. 1, 1978, p. 7–9. [Includes note on monitoring piedmont, alpine, and ice sheet outlet glaciers in the dry valleys area of Victoria Land to provide long-term record of climatic fluctuations.]

Chizhov, O. P. Stanovlcniye teorii avtokolebaniy klimata i oledeneniya [Establishing a theory of climatic and glacial auto-fluctuations], Izvestiya Vsesoyttznogo Geograficheskogo Obshchestva, Tom 110, Vyp. 3, 1978, p. 201–07.

Colbeck, S. C., and others. Creep rupture at depth in a cold ice sheet, [by] S. C. Colbeck, W. St Lawrence, A. J. Gow. Nature, Vol. 275, No. 5682, 1978, p. 733. [Discusses fracture at 240 m depth in Greenland, revealed during drilling.]

Dmitriyev, D. N., and others. Deformatsiya stenok glubokoy skvazhiny v antarkticheskom lednikovom pokrove na stantsii Vostok [Deformation of deep bore-hole walls in the Antarctic ice sheet at Vostok Station ]. [By] D. N. Dmitriyev, R. N. Vostretsov, I. A. Petukhov. Informatsionnyy Byulleten’ Sovetskoy Anlarkticheskoy Ekspeditsii, No. 98, 1978, p. 53–57.

Doake, C. S. M. Dissipation of tidal energy by Antarctic ice shelves. Nature, Vol. 275, No. 5678, 1978. P. 304–05. [Discusses theory of loss of tidal energy due to flexing of ice shelves, and implications of this.]

Dolgushin L. D., and Osipova, G. B. Balance of a surging glacier as the basis for forecasting its periodic advances. Materialy Glyatsiologicheskikh Issledovaniy. Khronika. Obsuzhdeniya, Vyp. 32, 1978, P. 260–65. [Study of mass balance of Lednik Medvezhiy, Tadzhikskaya SSR, from 1963 to 1973, when surge took place. In Russian, p 161–70, with figures, tables, and reference list. Discussion, p. 285; in Russian, p. 197–98.]

Dyugerov, M. B., and Urumbayev, N. A. Glyatsiologiya vysochavshikh lednikov Pamira [Glaciology of the highest glaciers of the Pamir]. Priroda, 1978, No. 9, p. 72–79. [Study of the firn and ice plateau.]

Fujii, Y. Field experiment on glacier ablation under a layer of debris cover. Seppyō, Vol. 39, Special Issue, 1977, p. 20–21. [High correlation between ablation rate and thickness of debris cover.]

Fujii Y., and Higuchi, K. Statistical analyses of the forms of the glaciers in the Khumbu Himal. Seppyō, Vol. 39, Special Issue, 1977, p. 7–14. [Analyses relation between glacier form and topographic condition of glacier basin for 61 glaciers in this region of Nepal.]

Fushimi, H. Stratigraphic studies of the Gyajo glacier, Khumbu Himal. Seppyō, Vol. 40, Special Issue, 1978, p. 17–20. [Examination of dirt bands, superimposed ice, and depositional pattern of snow in this glacier in eastern Nepal.]

Fushimi, H. Structural studies of glaciers in the Khumbu region. Seppyō, Vol. 39, Special Issue, 1977, p. 30–39. [Macro- and micro-scale structure of several glaciers in this region of Nepal.]

Genin, B. L., and others. Planovaya privyazka nablyudeniy pri geofizicheskikh issledovaniyakh na pripaynom Arkticheskogo shel’fa [A planned observational survey of geophysical research on Arctic shelf fast ice]. [By] B. L. Genin, L. Z. Lipkov, A. L. Piskarev. Geofizickeskiy Metody Razvedki v Arktike, Vyp. 10, 1975, p. 97–100.

[Glaciers: Pakistan.] Investigation report on the Batura Glacier in the Karakoram mountains, the Islamic Republic of Pakistan (1974–1975). Peking, Batura Glacier Investigation Group of Karakoram Highway Engineering Headquarters, People’s Republic of China, 1976. 123 p., map. [In Chinese and English. Highway crosses terminus of glacier. Discusses problems and how they may be overcome, describing behaviour of glacier.]

Glazyrin, G. Ye. Identification of surging glaciers by morphometric characteristics. Materialy Giyatsiologicheskikh Issledovaniy. Khronika. Obsuzhdeniya, Vyp. 33, 1978, p. 136–38. [Lists features that, when combined, may be more likely in surging glaciers. In Russian, with figure, table, and reference list, p. 55–58. Discussion, p. 183–84; in Russian, p. 122–23.]

Glazyrina, Ye. L., and Glazyrin, G. Ye. Primeneniye lineyn’ykh modeley rascheta stoka s lednikov [Application of non-linear models to the calculation of glacier run-off]. Materialy Glyaisiologicheskikh Issledovaniy. Khronika. Obsuzhdeniya, Vyp. 32, 1978, p. 27–34. [Using data from Lednik Abramov, Alayskiy Khrebet, Kirgizskaya SSR. English summary, p. 33–34.]

Gokhman, V. V. Issledovaniya v gorno-lednikovom basseyne r. Bol. Khadata na Polyarnom Urale v 1976/77 balansovom godu [Studies in the mountain glacier basin of the Bolshaya Khadata river in Polyarnyy ural in the 1976–77 balance year]. Materialy Glyatsiologicheskikh Issledovaniy. Khronika. Obsuzhdeniya, Vyp. 33, 1978, p. 212–15. [Analyses meteorological conditions. Negative glacier balances found, English summary, p. 215.]

Gudmandsen, P. Studies of ice by means of radio echo sounding. (In Peel, R. F., and others. Remote sensing of the terrestrial environment. Proceedings of the twenty-eighth Symposium of the Colston Research Society, held in the University of Bristol, April 5th to 9th, 1976. Edited by R. F. Peel, L. F. Curtis, and E. C. Barrett. London, etc., Butterworths, [1977], p. 198–211.) [Reviews airborne radio echo-sounding technique and results from soundings in Greenland.]

Gudmandsen, P., and Overgaard, S. Establishment of time horizons in polar ice sheets by means of radio echo sounding. Dansk Meteorologisk Institut. Klimalologiske Meddelelser, No. 4, 1978, p. 251. [Abstract. Reviews and discusses radio layering.]

Gus’kov, A. S., and Gordeychik, A. V. Vodnoledovyy balans lednikov Shpitsbergena v 1975/76 balansovom godu [Water–ice balance of Spitsbergen glaciers in the 1975–76 balance year], Materialy Glyatsiologicheskikh Issledovaniy. Khronika. Obsuzhdeniya, Vyp. 33, 1978, p. 207–11. [Considers western, central, and eastern areas. English summary, p. 211.]

Herron, M. M., and Langway, C. C., jr. Seasonal variations in Ross Ice Shelf precipitation chemistry. Eos. Transactions, American Geophysical Union, Vol. 59, No. 4, 1978, p. 308. [Abstract.]

Higuchi, K. Effect of nocturnal precipitation on the mass balance of the Rikha Samba glacier, Hidden Valley, Nepal. Seppyō, Vol. 39, Special Issue, 1977, p. 43–49. [Calculations show present position of glacier terminus is related to tendency of precipitation in this area to occur at night in form of snow.]

Higuchi, K. Effect of nocturnal precipitation on the mass balance of the Rikha Samba glacier, Hidden Valley, Nepal. Materialy Glyatsiologicheskikh Issledovaniy. Khronika. Obsuzhdeniya, Vvp. 33, 1978, p. 178–81. [Ablation and most accumulation occurs during summer monsoon. Over half precipitation in July and August falls at night. Relationship between these studied. In Russian, with figures and reference list, p. 117–21. Discussion, p. 185; in Russian, p. 125.]

Higuchi, K., and others. Preliminary report on glacier inventory in the Dudh Kosi region, [by] K. Higuchi [and 7 others]. Seppyō, Vol. 40, Special Issue, 1978, p. 78–84. [Lists 664 glaciers in this region of east Nepal.]

Higuchi, K., and others. Thickening of the Khumbu glacier flowing from Mt Everest, east Nepal, [by] K. Higuchi, S. Mae, H. Kodama. Materialy Glyatsiologicheskikh Issledovaniy. Khronika. Obsuzhdeniya, Vyp. 33, 1978, p. 171–75. [Summarizes results of measurements of flow velocity, and estimates thickness and discharge and changes in thickness. In Russian, with figures, tables, and reference list, p. 107–12.]

Hooke, R. L. Basal temperatures in polar ice sheets: a qualitative review. Quaternary Research, Vol. 7, No. 1, 1977, P. 1–13. [Discusses interpretation of Pleistocene glacial features on basis of thermal regime at bases of present polar ice sheets.]

Ikegami, K., and Inoue, J. Mass balance studies on Kongma glacier, Khumbu Himal. Seppyō, Vol. 40, Special Issue, 1978, p. 12–16. [Presents results of observations for balance year 1974–75, and discusses recent retreat of glacier in Nepal.]

Inoue, J. Mass budget of Khumbu glacier. Seppyō, Vol. 39, Special Issue, 1977, p. 15–19. [Estimated on basis of observations of ablation at lower part of glacier in Nepal.]

Kazanskiy, A. B. Feasibility of liquid flow as a regulator of glacier pulsation. Materialy Glyatsiologicheskikh Issledovaniy. Khronika. Obsuzhdeniya, Vyp. 32, 1978, p. 239–43. [Defines glacier pulsation and analyses role of water within the glacier. [In Russian, p. 133–37, with reference list. Discussion, p. 281; in Russian, p. 193.]

Kohnen, H., and Langway, C. C., jr. Untersuchungen mit Ultraschall an Eisbohrkernen aus Zentralgrönland. Polarforschung, Jahrg. 47, Nr. 1–2, 1977, p. 1–10. [Ice-core drilling on line from ice divide in central Greenland to Jakobshàvn drainage area on west coast shows isotropy at centre but increasing anisotropy towards margin.]

Korotkevich, Ye. S., and others. Skvoznoye bureniye shel’fovogo lednika v rayone stantsii Novolazarevskaya [Drilling through the ice shelf near Novolazarevskaya Station]. [By ] Ye. S. Korotkcvich, L. M. Savatyugin, V. A. Morev. Informatsionnyy Byulleten’ Sovetskoy Antarktkheskoy Ekspeditsii, No. 98, 1978, p. 49–52. [Two bore holes in 1975 at 374 and 357 m, one in 1976 at 447 m.]

Kozlovskiy, A. M. Nekotoryye osobennosti obrazovaniya i formirovaniya mnogoletnogo pripaya u poberezh’ya Antarktidy [Some peculiarities of the formation of long-standing fast ice near the coast of Antarctica]. Informatsionnyy Byulleten’ Sovetskoy Antarktiheskoy Ekspeditsii, No. 98, 1978, p. 35–42. [Coast of East Antarctica, from Lazarev Station to Leningradskaya.]

Krimmel, R. M, Detection of surging glaciers using aerial photography and Landsat images. Materialy Glyatsiologicheskikh Issledovaniy. Khronika. Obsuzhdeniya, Vyp. 33, 1978, p. 131–33. [Refers to many surging glaciers in U.S.S.R. In Russian, with illustrations and reference list, p. 43–46. Discussion, p. 181; in Russian, p. 121.]

Kubrushko, S. S., and Stavisskiy, Ya. S. Glyalsial’nyye ozera Kirgizii i ikh rol’ v formirovanii seley [Glacial lakes of Kirgizia and their role in mud-flow formation]. Materialy Glyatsiologickheskikh lssledovaniy. Khronika. Obsuzhdeniya, Vyp. 32, 1978, p. 59–62. [Presents data on glacial lakes and their possible effects. English summary, p. 62.]

Kudryashov, B. B., and others. Otbor prob dlya mikrobiologicheskikh issledovaniy glubokikh gorizontov lednikovoy tolshchi na stantsii Vostok [Selection of samples for microbiological studies of deep horizons of ice thickness at Vostok Station]. [By] B. B. Kudryashov, S. S. Abyzov, N. Ye. Bobin. Informatsionnyy Byulleten’ Sovetskoy Antarkticheskoy Ekspeditsii, No. 98, 1978, p. 58–62.

Landon, J., and Raymond, C. F. Numerical calculation of adjustment of a glacier surface to perturbations of ice thickness. Materialy Glyatsiologickheskikh Issledovaniy. Khronika. Obsuzhdeniya, Vyp. 32, 1978, p. 233–39. [Develops and evaluates numerical method. In Russian, p. 123–33, with figures and reference list.]

Langway, C. C., jr, and Chiang, E. Preliminary results of the physical investigation of a 100-m ice core from station J-9, Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica. Eos. Transactions, American Geophysical Union, Vol. 59, No. 4, 1978, p. 308. [Abstract.]

Larson, G. J. Internal drainage of stagnant ice: Burroughs Glacier, southeast Alaska. Ohio State University. Institute of Polar Studies. Report No. 65, 1977, ix, 33 p.

Lemmens, M., and Roger, M. Influence of ion exchange on dissolved load of alpine meltwaters. Earth Surface Processes, Vol. 3, No. 2, 1978, p. 179–87. [Analyses melt waters collected from borders of Tsanfleuron and Tsijiore Nuove glaciers, Switzerland, former resting on limestone, latter on gneiss. Cation exchange appears to be essential mechanism of water solute enrichment in subglacial frontal zones.]

Litosh, V. A. The study of the causes and dynamics of glacier surges by the method of natural analogues. Materialy Glyatsiologickheskikh lssledovaniy. Khronika. Obsuzhdeniya, Vyp. 32, 1978, p. 243–47. [Compares glacier surges with gletcher [sic] landslides, and, from this, suggests mode of development of surges. In Russian, p. 137–43, with figures and reference list.]

Makarevich, K. G., and Makarevich, A. K. The study of the mountain glacier variations mechanism. Materialy Glyatsiologickheskikh lssledovaniy. Khronika. Obsuzhdeniya. Vyp. 33, 1978. p. 148–50. [Presents results from Lednik Tsentral’nyy Tyuksu, central Caucasus. In Russian, with figures and reference list, p. 70–74.]

Marsh, J. Glacier and microclimate research in the Mt Sir Sandford area, British Columbia. Canadian Alpine Journal, Vol. 61, 1978, p. 70, 72–73. [Describes field work on Sir Sandford, Silvertip, and Haworth Glaciers in 1975−77.]

Mayo, L. R. Identification of unstable glaciers intermediate between normal and surging glaciers. Materialy Glyatsiologickheskikh lssledovaniy. Khronika. Obsuzhdeniya, Vyp. 33, 1978, p. 133–35. [Discusses concept of pulsing glaciers. In Russian, with illustrations and reference list, p. 47–55. Discussion, p. 182–83; in Russian, p. 121–22.]

Mikhaylova, V. I., and Petkyashova, Ye. V. Osobennosti mnogolelnikh kolebaniy stoka v svyazi s izucheniyem vodnogo balansa lednikovogo basseyna [Peculiarities of long-term variations of run-off with regard to water balance studies of a glacier basin]. Materialy Glyatsiologicheskikh Issledovaniy. Khronika. Obsuzhdeniya, Vyp. 32, 1978, p. 34–37. [Study of run-off of Lednik Karabatkak, Terskey Alatau, Soviet Central Asia. English summary, p. 37.]

Moribayashi, S. Transverse profiles of Khumbu glacier obtained by gravity observation. Seppyō, Vol. 40, Special Issue, 1978, p. 21–25. [Glacier in Nepal. Thickness of ice estimated to be 110 m in middle of glacier, and 220 m at 1 km down-stream of ice fall.]

Moribayashi, S., and Higuchi, K. Characteristics of glaciers in the Khumbu region and their recent variations. Seppyō, Vol. 39, Special Issue, 1977, p. 3–6. [Differentiates between larger debris-covered and smaller debrisfree glaciers in this part of Nepal.]

Nazintsev, Yu. L. Solevoy i fazovyy sostav pripaynogo l’da v protsesse yego rosta i razrusheniya [Salt and phase composition of fast ice during its growth and destruction]. Infomatsionnyy Byullleten’ Sovetskoy Antarkticheskoy Ekspeditsii, No. 98, 1978, p. 43–48. [Study of fast ice near Molodezhnaya Station, Enderby Land.]

Ovegaard, S., and Gudmandsen, P. Radioglaciology. Surface and bedrock contour maps at DγE-3. Lyngby, Technical University of Denmark. Electromagnetics Institute, 1978. [7] leaves. (R 199.) [Presents preliminary results of airborne radio echo-soundings carried out during April 1978 in southern Greenland.]

Paterson, W. S. B., and others. An investigation of creep instability as a mechanism for glacier surges, [by] W. S. B. Paterson, U. Nitsan, G. K. C. Clarke. Materialy Glyatsiologkheskikh Issledovaniy. Khronika. Obsuzhdeniya, Vyp. 32, 1978, p. 201–09. [Presents theoretical analysis which includes effect of vertical advection and uses Arrhenius relation for temperature dependence of flow law of ice. In Russian, p. 82–92, with figures, tables, and reference list. Discussion, p. 278; in Russian, p. 190–91.]

Portmann, J.-P. Notices glaciologiques; aperçu historique III (1921–1940). Les Alpes. Revue du Club Alpin Suisse, 54^e An., 3^e Trimestre, 1978, p. 123–30. [ Continuation of article on reports “Les variations periodiques des glaciers des Alpes”, which have been published in Les Alpes from 1880 to the present day.]

RÖthlisberger, H., and Kasser, P. The readvance of the Allalingletscher after the ice avalanche of 1965. Materialy Glyatsiologicheskikh Issledovaniy. Khronika. Obsuzhdeniya, Vyp. 33, 1978, p. 152–64. [Presents, in some detail, results of annual observations of this Swiss glacier up to 1975. Ice avalanche also known as Mattmark glacier catastrophe. In Russian, with figures and tables, p. 77–93. Discussion, p. 184; in Russian, p. 123–24.]

Rototayev, K. P. Dinamicheski nestabil’nyye ledniki Tsentral’nogo Pamira [Dynamically unstable glaciers in the central Pamir]. Materially Glyatsiologicheskikh Issledovaniy. Khronika. Obsuzhdeniya, Vyp. 33, 1978, p. 201–07. [Survey of unstable and surging glaciers. English summary, p. 207.]

Rototayev, K. P. The role of self-oscillations in the dynamics of glacial systems. Materialy Glyatsiologicheskikh Issledovaniy. Khronika. Obsuzhdeniya, Vyp. 33, 1978. p. 164–68. [Preliminary results from analysis of dynamic state of several glaciers in the U.S.S.R. In Russian, with illustrations and figures, p. 93–103. Discussion, p. 184; in Russian, p. 124.]

Sauer, E. K. The engineering significance of glacier ice-thrusting. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 15, No. 4, 1978, p. 457–72. [Field evidence indicates that glaciotectonic processes result in change in shear strength properties of sediments and boundary conditions for ground-water regime.]

Shumskiy, P. A. Theory of glacier oscillations. Materialy Glyatsiologicheskikh Issledovaniy. Khronika. Obsuzhdeniya, Vyp. 32, 1978, p. 213–23. [In Russian, p. 99–109, with figure and reference list. Discussion, p. 279–80; in Russian, p. 191–92.]

Shumskiy, P. A., and Krass, M. S. Oscillations of the Obruchev glacier (Polar Urals) in 1953–1974. Materialy Glyatsiologicheskikh Issledovaniy. Khronika. Obsuzhdeniya, Vyp. 33, 1978, p. 142–47. [Mathematical analysis of glacier’s oscillations. In Russian, with figures, tables, and reference list, p. 64–70. Discussion, p. 184; in Russian, p. 123.]

Shumskiy, P. A., and others. Oscillations of the Shumsky glacier (Dzungarskiy Alatau) in 1966–1974, [by] P. A. Shumsky [i.e. Shumskiy], M. S. Krass, P. A. Cherkasov. Materialy Glyatsiologicheskikh Issledovaniy. Khronika. Obsuzhdeniya, Vyp. 33, 1978, p. 150–52. [Mathematical analysis of oscillations of Lednik Shumskiy, Soviet Central Asia. In Russian, with figures, table, and reference list, p. 75–76.]

Sosedov, I. S., and others. Opyt rascheta i krupnomasshtabnogo kartirovaniya vodnogo balansa gorno-lednikovykh basseynov [Calculation and large-scale mapping of water balances of mountain glacier basins]. [By] I. S. Sosedov, L. N. Filatova, O. V. Kiktenko. Materialy Glyatsiologicheskikh Issledovaniy. Khronika. Obsuzhdeniya, Vyp. 32, 1978, p. 21–26. [Using north slope of Zailiyskiy Alatau, Kazakskaya SSR, as example. English summary, p. 26.]

Sugden, D. E. Ice age Earth. I. Extremes of a glacial planet. Geographical Magazine, Vol. 51, No. 2, 1978, p. 119–28. [Describes Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets, and discusses their history.]

Tupper, W. A., and others. Wedgemount Lake and Glacier studies, northern Garibaldi Park, 1977, [by] W. A. Tupper, E. D. Waddington, K. E. Ricker. Canadian Alpine Journal, Vol. 61, 1978, p. 69–71. [Continuation of monitoring glacier retreat, both recent and historical, also radio echo-sounding thickness of ablation zone of glacier at several points. British Columbia.]

Voytkovskiy, K. F. Longitudinal compressive stresses in a surging glacier. Materialy Glyatsiologicheskikh Issledovaniy. Khronika. Obsuzhdeniya, Vyp. 32, 1978, p. 229–32. [Proposed method of calculation applied to Lednik Medvezhiy, Tadzhikskaya SSR. In Russian, p. 117–23, with figures and reference list. Discussion, p. 280–81; in Russian, p. 193.]

Waddington, E. D., and Jones, D. P. A radio echo ice thickness survey on the Columbia Icefield. Canadian Alpine Journal, Vol. 61, 1978, p. 73. [Using monopulse radar depth sounder.]

Wakahama, G. Observations of the melt-water permeation in the near-surface ice layers of the Mendenhall Glacier, southeast Alaska. Materialy Glyatsiologicheskikh Issledovaniy. Khronika. Obsuzhdeniya, Vyp. 33, 1978, p. 175–78. [Behaviour of melt water in a temperate glacier and effect on sliding and surging. In Russian, with illustrations, figures, table, and reference list, p. 112–16. Discussion, p. 185; in Russian, p. 124.]

Watts, R. D., and Isherwood, W. Gravity surveys in glacier-covered regions. Geophysics, Vol. 43, No. 4, 1978, p. 819–22. [Radio echo-sounding of temperate glaciers, with reference to those in Mt Drum area, Wrangell Mountains, Alaska.]

Whillans, I. M. Inland ice sheet thinning due to Holocene warmth. Science, Vol. 201, No. 4360, 1978, p. 1014–16. [Suggests former ice sheets must have responded to climatic warming with delay of thousands of years, as is the West Antarctic ice sheet now responding to Holocene warming. Discusses implications.]

Williams, R. T., and Robinson, E. S. The ocean tide and waves beneath the Ross Ice Shelf. Eos. Transactions, American Geophysical Union, Vol. 59, No. 4, 1978, p. 308. [Abstract. Influence of ice shelf.]

Wushiki, H. Deuterium content of stream waters of glacier origin in the Himalayas. Seppyō, Vol. 39, Special Issue. 1977, p. 40–42. [Each river studied found to have characteristic deuterium content, which varies considerably from river to river.]

Wushiki, H. Ice cliffs and exposed stratigraphy of Kongma glacier, Khumbu. Seppyō, Vol. 39, Special Issue, 1977, P. 22–25. [Observations on formation of these features, Nepal.]

Zeller, E.J., and Angino, E. E. The disposal of radioactive wastes in the Antarctic ice sheet: an environmental impact assessment. (In Parker, B. C., and Holliman, M. C., ed. Environmental impact in Antarctica. Select papers by scientists addressing impact assessment, monitoring, and potential impact of man’s activities in the Antarctic. Blacksburg, Va., Biology Dept., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, [1978], p. 279–94.) [Discusses ice as a containment medium.]

Icebergs. Sea, river and lake ice

Allen, W. T. R. Freeze-up, break-up, and ice thickness in Canada. Downsview, Ontario, Atmospheric Environment. Fisheries and Environment Canada, [1977]. xxi, 185 p. (CLI-1-77.) [Presents tables and maps of all data available regarding dates of occurrence of significant events in freeze-up and break-up of rivers, lakes, and salt-water bodies at coastal locations, also maps illustrating mean maximum ice thickness.]

Andrews, J. T., and Ives, J. D. “Cockburn” nomenclature and the late Quaternary history of the eastern Canadian Arctic. Arctic and Alpine Research, Vol. 10, No. 3, 1978, p. 617–33. [Suggests that name “Cockburn end-moraine system”, given in 1960’s to system of end and lateral moraines extending from Frobisher, Baffin Island, to west Penny Ice Cap, should be discontinued and individual morainic ridges should be redefined.]

Beltaos, S. A strain energy criterion for failure of floating ice sheets. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, Vol. 5, No. 3, 1978, p. 352–61. [Deals with load-carrying capability of floating ice.]

Butt, K. A. Analogue data telemetry system for sea ice work. C-CORE Publication (Memorial University of Newfoundland. Centre for Cold Ocean Resources Engineering) 78–9, 1978, iii, [55] p. (Technical Report.) [Describes development of system and field tests on Labrador Sea pack ice and fast ice.]

Calkins, D. J. Physical measurements of river ice jams. Water Resources Research, Vol. 14, No. 4, 1978, p. 693–95. [Presents measurements of two ice jams resolidified for 3 weeks, allowing thickness to be measured at several cross-sections along longitudinal profiles.]

Chari, T. R. Some geotechnical aspects of iceberg grounding. Dissertation Abstracts International, B, Vol. 38, No. 3, 1977, p. 1367-B-68-B. [Theoretical study of scour in marine bottom sediments due to iceberg scour and model experiments. Abstract of Ph.D. thesis, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 1975. Canadian microfiche no. 25546.]

Cihlar, J., and Thomson, K. P. B. Diurnal temperature variations and their usefulness in mapping sea ice from thermal infrared imagery. (In [Proceedings of the] fourth Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing [held] at Loews Le Concorde, Québec, May 16, 17, 18, 1977. Ottawa, Canadian Aeronautics and Space Institute, [1977], p. 208–19.) [Beaufort Sea.]

Danys, J. V. Ice management of Lac St Pierre, Quebec. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, Vol. 5, No. 3, 1978, p. 374–90. [Discusses present procedures for controlling ice on this enlargement of St Lawrence River, 80 km downstream from Montreal.]

Donaldson, P. B. Melting of Antarctic icebergs. Nature, Vol. 275, No. 5678, 1978, p. 305–06. [Reviews previous studies and considers results of measurements of salinity and temperature around three icebergs in the Ross Sea area.]

Doud, J. O. Ice sheet loads on marina piles. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 15, No. 4, 1978, p. 599–604. [Describes instrumentation of piles for measuring vertical uplift forces of winter ice, Great Lakes, U.S.A.]

Goodman, R. H., and others. Radar techniques in the measurement of floating ice thickness, [by] R. H. Goodman, E. Outcalt, and B. B. Narod. (In [Proceedings of the] fourth Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing [held] at Loews Le Concorde, Québec, May 16, 17, 18, 1977. Ottawa, Canadian Aeronautics and Space Institute, [1977], p. 459–68.) [Describes two radar systems tested over Labrador Sea. One system measured thick multi-year ice and icebergs, other measured thinner ice.

Gorbunov, Yu. A,, and Timokhov, L. A., ed. Mezomasshtabnyye protsessy v ledyanom pokrove [Mesoscale processes in the ice sheet]. Trudy Arkticheskogo i Anlarkticheskogo Nauchno-Issledovatel’ skogo Instituta, Tom 354, 1978, 121 p. [Deals with floating ice. Contents include: I. M. Kuznetsov, “lzmeneniye temperatury vody v prikromochnoy zony arkticheskikh morey [Measurement of water temperature in the ice-edge zone of Arctic seas]”, p. 5–12; I. D. Karelin, “Nekotoryye osobennosti izmeneniya ob”yema l’da v more [Some features of the variability of ice volume in the sea]”, p. 13–20; I. D. Karelin, “lzmenchivost’ pogloshchennoy radiatsii v nekotorykh rayonakh Arktiki v svyazi s ledovymi usloviyami [Variability of radiation absorption in some Arctic regions in connection with ice conditions]”, p. 21–27; S. M. Losev and Yu. A. Gorbunov, “O flyuktyatsionnykh dvizheniyakh l’din v zonakh redkogo i razrezhennogo l’da [On fluctuations of ice movement in very open and open pack-ice zones]”, p. 28–37; Ya. A. Gorbunov and S. M. Losev, “Vliyaniye ostrovov dvizheniye l’da [The influence of islands on ice movement]”, p. 38–43; I. M. Kuznetsov, “Vliyaniye formy i razmerov l’din na ikh dreyf [The influence of form and dimensions of ice floes on their drift]”, p. 44–47; Yu. A. Gorbunov and S. M. Losev, “Ob orientatsii l’din pri dreyfe [On the orientation of ice floes when drifting]”, p. 48–51 ; Yu. A. Gorbunov and S. M. Losev, “Vikhrevyye vozmushcheniya v pole dreyfa l’da [Vortical disturbances in pack ice]”, p. 52–57; S. M. Losev, “Ob osobennostyakh stroyeniya ledyanogo pokrova [On features of the structure of the ice sheet]”, p. 58–68; Ye. G. Nikiforov and L. A. Timokhov, “Matematicheskiye modeli deformirovaniya ledyanogo pokrova [Mathematical models of ice sheet deformation]”, p. 69–79; R. Kolinin, I. Yu. Kulakov, and L. A. Timokhov, “Chislennaya protsedura dlya vyazko-plasticheskoy modeli, imitiruyushchey ledyanoy pokrov [Calculations for a viscoplastic working model of an ice sheet]”, p. 80–84; V. A. Voyevodin, “Obrazovaniye zubchatonasloyennogo l’da v rezul’tate szhatiya [The formation of jagged rafted ice resulting from compression]”, p. 85–88; V. V. Drabkin, “Obrazovaniye torosov i navalov l’da pri nagonakh (na primere Finskogo zaliva) [The formation of hummocks and troughs ofice during surges (for example in the Gulf of Finland)]”, p. 89–96; V. A. Voyevdin, “Osobennosti vetrovogo szhatiya l’da v Severnom Ledovitom okeane [Features of wind compression of ice in the Arctic Ocean]”, p. 97–103; S. A. Kolesov, “Analiz oblastey szhatiya, opredelennykh po razlichnym reologieheskim modelyam [An analysis of a compression region defined by various rheological models]”, p. 104–12; V. A. Voyevodin, “Rol’ szhatiya v formirovanii ledyanogo pokrova Arktiki [The role of compression in formation of the Arctic ice sheet]”, p. 113–18; Ye. A. Kanygin, “Izmenchivost’ rasprostraneniya ledyanogo pokrova v more Deyvisa [Variability of the ice sheet distribution in the Davis Sea]”, p. 119–21.]

Katona, M. A viscoelastic-plastic constitutive model with a finite element solution methodology. Port Hueneme, California. [U.S.] Naval Construction Battalion Center. Civil Engineering Laboratory, 1978. vi, 154 p. (TR-866.) [Model developed and compared to experimental data for sea ice (among others) to illustrate versatility of model in replicating its non-linear creep and flow.]

Keribar, R., and others. Computer simulation of bubbler-induced melting of ice covers using experimental heat transfer results, [by] R. Keribar and R. S. Tankin and G. D. Ashton. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, Vol. 5, No. 3, 1978, p. 362–73.

Keys, J. E. Water regime of ice-covered fiords and lakes. Dissertation Abstracts International, B, Vol. 38, No. 10, 1978, p. 4707-B [Study of regime of Disraeli Fiord, Ellesmere Island, whose mouth is dammed by the Ward Hunt Ice Shelf. Abstract of Ph.D. thesis, McGill University, Montreal, 1977.]

Kheysin, D. Ye. Sootnosheniye mezhdu srednimi napryazheniyami i lokal’nymi znacheniyami vnutrennikh usiliy v dreyfuyushehem ledyanom pokrove [The relationship between mean stresses and local values of internal forces in a drifting ice cover]. Okeanologiya, Tom 18, Vyp. 3, 1978, p. 438–40. [English summary, p. 440.]

Khodakov, V. G., and others, O skorosti tayaniya l’da v vode [On the rate of ice melting in water]. [By] V. G. Khodakov, A. V. Gordeychik, G. P. Moiseyeva. Materialy Glyatsiologicheskikh Issledovaniy. Khronika. Obsuzhdeniya, Vyp. 33, 1978, p. 196–200. [Calculations based on field and laboratory tests and applied to theoretical rate of melting of icebergs while being towed from Antarctic to Australia and Saudi Arabia. English summary, p. 200.]

Larsen, R., and others. Areas imaged during Project SAR 77 using the ERIM four channel radar, by R. Larsen, C. Liskow, R. Rawson, R. Shuchman, F. Smith. C-CORE Publication (Memorial University of Newfoundland. Centre for Cold Ocean Resources Engineering) 77–30, 1977, 59 p. (Project SAR ’77. Field Data Report No. 1.) [Describes data collected by the Environmental Research Institute of Michigan (ERIM) for investigation of characteristics of sea ice and icebergs, using their synthetic-aperture radar.]

Lowry, R. T., and Brochu, C. J. An interactive correction and analysis system for air-borne laser profiles of sea ice. Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing, Vol. 4, No. 2, 1978, p. 149–60. [Uses human operator for pattern recognition and computer to handle data and computation.]

Lundquist, T. R. The iceberg cometh? International law relating to Antarctic iceberg exploitation. Natural Resources Journal, Vol. 17, No, 1, 1977, p. 1–41. [Discusses problems caused by unresolved legal status of Antarctica.]

Maykut, G. A. On the heat and mass balance of the Arctic ice pack. Naval Research Reviews, Vol. 31, No. 7, 1978, p. 17–35. [Discusses effect of sea ice on interaction between atmosphere and ocean.]

Neshyba, S. On melting icebergs. Nature, Vol. 275, No. 5680, 1978, p. 567. [Comments on article by Huppert and Turner, ibid., Vol. 271, No. 5640, 1978, p. 46–48.]

Osterkamp, T. E. Some potential ice problems associated with hydroelectric development in Alaska. Northern Engineer, Vol. 9, No. 2, 1978, p. 4–6. [ Deals briefly with problems caused by frazil, anchor, and sheet ice, aufeis, and icing of structures.]

Ouellet, Y., and Baird, W. L’érosion des rives dans le Saint-Laurent. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, Vol. 5, No. 3, 1978, p. 311–23. [Erosion of banks of St Lawrence River between Quebec and Montreal mainly due to action of waves. During winter, formation of ice appears to protect shores.]

Parashar, S. K., and others. A theory of wave scatter from an inhomogeneous medium with a slightly rough boundary and its application to sea ice, [by] S. K. Parashar, A. K. Fung, and R. K. Moore, Remote Sensing of Environment, Vol. 7, No. 1, 1978, p. 37–50. [Develops model which gives results in reasonable agreement in order of magnitude and in order of responses from different types of ice.]

Parkinson, C. L. A numerical simulation of the annual cycle of sea ice in the Arctic and Antarctic. Dissertation Abstracts International, B, Vol. 38, No. 11, 1978, p. 5251-B. [Abstract of Ph.D. thesis, Ohio State University, 1977. University Microfilms order no. 78-05905.]

Roche, C., and others. Preliminary radar analysis, Lake Melville and offshore Labrador—February, 1977—field data report No. 13, [by] C. Roche, S. K. Parashar, R. D. Worsfold. C-CORE Publication (Memorial University of Newfoundland. Centre for Cold Ocean Resources Engineering) 78–15, 1978, vi, 57 p. (Project SAR ’77.) [Coverage included fresh-water ice, ice formed from changing fresh to brackish water, bay ice, and sea ice.]

[Sea Ice: Canada.] Ice. (In An Arctic atlas: background information for developing marine oilspill countermeasures. [By] Fenco Consultants Ltd., Calgary, Alberta [and] F. F. Slaney and Co. Ltd., Calgary, Alberta. [Ottawa, Environmental Protection Service], 1978, p, 4.1–4.136.) [Charts show seasonal sea ice and iceberg distribution and concentration throughout Arctic and sub-Arctic waters of off-shore Canada and along west coast of Greenland.]

Sergeyev, G. N. Ispol’zovaniye dannykh o tolshchinakh l’da dlya otsenki prokhodimosti ledovykh trass sudami [The use of sea-ice thickness data for estimating ice navigation possibilities. Problemy Arktiki i Antarktiki, Vyp. 54, 1978, p. 52–56.

Stigebrandt, A. Dynamics of an ice-covered lake with through-flow. Nordic Hydrology, Vol. 9, Nos. 3–4, 1978, p. 219–44.

Sydor, M. Ice growth in Duluth-Superior Harbor. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 83, No. C8, 1978, p. 4074–78. [Influence of environmental conditions and weather parameters on long-term ice growth.]

Wadhams, P. Sidescan sonar imagery of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean. Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing, Vol. 4, No. 2, 1978, p. 161–73. [Presents and interprets representative samples of 40 km track record, with reference to simultaneous narrow-beam upward-looking sonar profiles. Numerous features clearly identified.]

Wadhams, P., and Lowry, R. T. A joint topside-bottomside remote sensing experiment on Arctic sea ice. (In [Proceedings of the] fourth Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing [held] at Loews Le Concorde, Québec, May 16, 17, 18, 1977. Ottawa, Canadian Aeronautics and Space Institute, [1977], p. 407–23.) [Observations from aircraft and submarine.]

Wedler, E., and Worsfold, R. D. Satellite oeean-related imagery applications program. C-CORE Publication (Memorial University of Newfoundland. Centre for Cold Ocean Resources Engineering) 78–7, 1978, [6] p. [Programme evaluates Landsat and NOAA imagery as means of detecting and identifying sea ice and icebergs, especially in relation to movement of shipping.]

Weeks, W. F., and Gow, A. J. Preferred crystal orientations in the fast ice along the margins of the Arctic Ocean. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 83, No. C10, 1978, p. 5105–21. [Examines areal variability of preferred c-axis orientations along coasts of Beaufort and Chukchi Seas, compares results with Soviet observations made in Kara Sea, and discusses possible controlling factors and implications.]

Weeks, W. F., and others. Differences in radar return from ice-covered North Slope lakes, [by] W. F. Weeks and A. G. Fountain, M. L. Bryan and C. Elachi. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 83, No. C8, 1978, p. 4069–73 [Differences correlate with whether or not these Alaskan lakes are frozen completely to bottoms.]

Wendler G., and Jayaweera, K. O. L. F. Some remarks on the unusual Beaufort Sea ice conditions in summer 1975. University of Alaska. Geophysical Institute. Report Series UAG R-246, 1976, iii, 28 p. [Discusses causes of severest conditions since 1898.]

Worsfold, R D., and others. Remote sensing studies: Forteau Bay, Labrador. Part 1. Thermal imagery studies and density slicing, by R. D. Worsfold, D. Strong, H. Pike, S. Richter, R. Ricketts. C-CORE Publication (Memorial University of Newfoundland. Centre for Cold Ocean Resources Engineering) 77–1, v, 66 p. (C-CORE Field Report.) [Sea-ice studies.]

Zakrzewski, W. Rejonizacja polskiej strefy przybrzeznej pod wzgledem powstawama spietrzeń lodowych [Regionalization of Poland’s coastal zone with regard to Ice ridges piling up on beaches]. Czasopismo Geograficzne, Tom 49, Zeszyt 1, 1978, p. 3–16. [Distinguishes following regions: lagoons and shallow bays, marine gulfs, shores facing open sea, and shores and sandbanks in river estuaries. English summary, p. 15–16]

Glacial geology

Albert, D. G., and others. Submarine topography of the Ross embayment from the continental shelf to the Byrd subglacial basin, [by] D. G. Albert, C. R. Bentley, L. L. Greischar. Eos. Transactions, American Geophysical Union, Vol. 59, No. 4, 1978, p. 308–09. [Abstract. Bedrock topography.]

Alhonen, P., and others. Rapakiveä Toisen Salpausselän stratigrafiassa Tenholassa [Rapakivi boulder in the stratigraphy of the Second Salpausselkä at Tenhola]. [By] P. Alhonen, R. Salomaa, H. Seppänen, R. Uusinoka. Terra, Vol. 90, No. 3, 1978, p. 162–64. [Two rapakivi boulders in south Finland described. Probably deposited from icebergs, one about 8213 b.c., other about 4330 b.c. English abstract, p. 162.]

Bircueield, G. E. and Weertman, J. A note on the spectral response of a model continental ice sheet. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 83, No. C8, 1978, p. 4123–25. [Ice age theory.]

Boellstokff, J. North American Pleistocene stages reconsidered in light of probable Pliocene-Pleistocene continental glaciation. Science, Vol. 202, No. 4365, 1978, p. 305–07. [Suggests all currently used North American Pleistocene stage terms, except Wisconsinan, are in need of redefinition or revision.]

Bowen, D. Q. Ice age Earth. The world in the Pleistocene epoch. Geographical Magazine, Vol. 51, No. 2, 1978. p. 118–19. [Introduction to series of articles to be published in this journal.]

Chistyayev V. B. Fizicheskaya model’ rascheta glyatsial’noy seleopasnosti ledinkovo-morennogo kompleksa [Physical model of glacial mud-flow hazard in a glacier-moraine complex]. Materialy Glyatsiologicheskikh Issledovaniy. Khronika. Obsuzhdeniya, Vyp. 32, 1978, p. 49–56. [Develops model for prediction of mud flow, and applies to Tuyuksu glacier-moraine complex, Kazakskaya SSSR. English summary, p. 55–56.]

Claridge, G. G. C., and Campbell., I. B. Moraines of probable Miocene age, dry valleys, Antarctica. New Zealand Antarctic Record, Vol. 1, No. 2, 1978, p. 1–5. [Field evidence.]

Corner, G. D. Deglaciation of Fugløy, Troms, north Norway.Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift, Bd. 32, Ht. 3, 1978, p. 137–42. [Dated on basis of raised shorelines and deglaciation limits.]

Coude A. Formations superficielles et dernière grande glaciation en Irlande occidentale. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. Centre de Géomorphologie de Caen. Bulletin No. 22, 1977, 51 p. [Discusses glacial geology of western Ireland in relation to last cold maximum.]

Denton, G. H., and KarlÉn, W. Holocene glacial and tree-line variations in the White River valley and Skolai Pass, Alaska and Yukon Territory. Quaternary Research, Vol. 7, No. 1, 1977, p. 63–111. [Presents detailed survey based on field evidence.]

Donner J. Holocene history of the west coast of Disko, central west Greenland. Geografiska Annaler, Vol. 60a, Nos. 1–2, 1978, p. 63–72. [Deglaciation, emergence of coast, neoglacial rock glaciers, and periglacial features.]

Dyke, A.S. Quaternary geomorphology, glacial chronology, and climatic and sea-level history of south-western Cumberland Peninsula, Baffin Island, Northwest Territories, Canada. Dissertation Abstracts International, B, Vol. 38, No. 12. Pt. 1, 1978, p. 5818-B. [Abstract of Ph.D. thesis, University of Colorado at Boulder, 1977. University Microfilms order no. 78-08895.]

Eyles, N., and Rogerson, R. J. Sedimentology of medial moraines on Berendon Glacier, British Columbia, Canada: implications for debris transport in a glacierized basin. Geological Society of America. Bulletin, Vol. 89, No. 11, 1978, p. 1688–93. [Character of sediments reflects periglacial processes rather than direct glacial erosion and transport.]

Flinn, D. The most recent glaciation of the Orkney–Shetland Channel and adjacent regions. Scottish Journal of Geology, Vol. 14, Pt. 2, 1978, p. 109–23. [Discusses behaviour of Quaternary ice sheet in this area, based mainly on evidence from Fair Isle and Foula.]

Fushimi, H. Glaciations in the Khumbu Himal (1). Seppyō, Vol. 39, Special Issue, 1977, p. 60–67. [Discusses present and past glacier fluctuations, based on studies of moraines.]

Fushimi, H. Glaciations in the Khumbu Himal (2). Seppyō, Vol. 40, Special Issue, 1978, p. 71–77. [Discusses previous glaciations.]

Gerasimov, V. A. Katastroficheskiye yavleniya severnogo sklona Bol’shogo Kavkaza, svyazannyye s niyal’no-glyatsial’nymi protsessami [Catastrophic phenomena on the northern slope of the Bol’shoy Kavkaz mountains related to glacio-nival processes]. Materialy Glyalsiologtcheskikh Isstedovanity. hhronika. Obsuzhdeniya, Vyp. 32, 1978, p. 71–76. [Points out relation of mud-flow occurrence to climate and how mud-flow deposits may be mistaken for moraines. English summary, p. 75–76.]

Greischar, L. L., and Bentley, C. R. Isostatic rebound and the configuration of the grounding line between the Ross lce Shelf and the West Antarctic ice sheet, Eos. Transactions, American Geophysical Union, Vol. 59, No. 4, 1978, p. 309. [Abstract.]

Griffey, N. J., and Matthews, J. A. Major neoglacial glacier expansion episodes in southern Norway: evidence from moraine ridge stratigraphy with ¹⁴C dates on buried palaeosols and moss layers. Geografiska Annaler, Vol. 60a, Nos. 1–2, 1978, p. 73–90.

Grosval’d, M. G., and others. Surges of former ice sheets: their mechanism and environmental impact, [by] M. G. Grosswald [i.e. Grosval'd], T. [J.] Hughes, G. H. Denton. Materialy Glyatsiologicheskikh Issledovaniy. Khronika. Obsuzhdeniya, Vyp. 32, 1978, p. 265–73. [Suggests late Würm northern hemisphere deglaciation occurred mainly by ice stream surges with concomitant formation of calving bays. In Russian, p. 170–84, with figures and reference list.]

Humlum, O. Genesis of layered lateral moraines. Implications for palaeoclimatology and lichenometry. Geografisk Tidsskrift, Bd. 77, 1978, p. 65–72. [Discusses evidence obtained from moraines of Austrian Alps.]

Ives, J. D. The maximum extent of the Laurentide ice sheet along the east coast of North America during the last glaciation. Arctic, Vol. 31, No. 1, 1978, p. 24–53. [Reviews opposing views, favouring earlier assumption that ice extent along eastern seaboard was limited and ice-free areas persisted during maximum of last glaciation.]

Jennings, J. N. The geomorphic role of stone movement through snow creep, Mount Twynam, Snowy Mountains, Australia. Geografiska Annaler, Vol. 60a, Nos. 1 -2, 1978, p. 1–8. [Study of stones moving under seasonal snow creep down back wall of shallow glacial cirque.]

Kaitanen, V., and StrÖm, O. Shape development of sandstone cobbles associated with the Säkylä-Mellilä esker, southwest Finland. Fennia, 155, 1978, p. 23–67, [Refers to effects of glacial transportation and glacio-fluvial processes, and former ice movements.]

Korzhuyev, S. S., and others. O drevnem oledenenii Zapadnogo Khangaya (MNR) [On the ancient glaciation of western Khangai (Mongolian People’s Republic)]. [By] S. S. Korzhuyev, N. A. Korina, D. Natsag. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, Tom 237, No. 1, 1977, p. 177–79.

Lawson, D. E. Sedimentation in the terminus region of the Matanuska Glacier, Alaska. Dissertation Abstracts International, B, Vol. 38, No, 10. 1978, p. 4692-B-93-B. [Study of processes suggests deposits identified as tills may be of resedimented origin. Abstract of Ph.D. thesis, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1977. University Microfilms order no. 78-04062.]

Ledbetter, M. T., and Watkins, N. D. Separation of primary ice-rafted debris from lag deposits, utilizing manganese micronodule accumulation rates in abyssal sediments of the Southern Ocean. Geological Society of America. Bulletin, Vol. 89, No. 11, 1978, p. 1619–29. [Revises proposition that abundance of ice-rafted debris caused by increased iceberg supply may indicate Antarctic glacial activity to account for simultaneous increase in Mn micronodules.]

Lockwood, J. G. Comments on “Global mass and energy requirements for glacial oscillations and their implications for mean ocean temperature oscillations”. Tellus, Vol. 30, No. 2, 1978, p. 189. [Comments on article by B. Saltzman, ibid., Vol. 29, No. 3, 1977, p. 205–12. Reply by Saltzman, p. 190–91.]

LØken, O. H. Postglacial tilting of Akpatok Island, Northwest Territories. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 15, No. 10, 1978, p. 1547–53. [Discusses ice movement indicators and drift deposits, but is chiefly concerned with raised shore features and post-glacial tilting deduced from these.]

Mercer, J. H. Age of earliest mid-latitude glaciation. Nature, Vol. 274, No. 5674, 1978, p. 926. [Points out that first recognized Pleistocene glaciation in South America occurred 3.5 million years ago, whereas Shackleton and Opdyke (ibid., Vol. 270, No. 5634, 1977, p. 216–19) conclude that no large ice sheets accumulated until 3.2 million years ago in northern hemispheres.]

Miller, M. M. Quaternary erosional and stratigraphical sequences in the Alaska–Canada Boundary Range. (In Mahaney, W. C., ed. Quaternary stratigraphy of North America. Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania, Dowden, Hutchinson, and Ross, 1977, p. 463–92.) [Evidence based on field studies.]

Niyazov, B. S. Opyt inzhenernykh metodov bor’by s glyatsial’nymi selyami (na primere selezashchity Alma-Aty). [Technical methods of protection against glacial mud flows (for example, mud-flow protection of Alma-Ata)]. Materialy Glyatsiologicheskikh Issledovaniy. Khronika. Obsuzhdeniya, Vyp. 32, 1978, p. 56–59. [Analyses glacial mud-flow danger and its causes. Discusses protection by artificial discharge from moraine-dammed lakes, referring to studies in Zailiyskiy Alatau, Kazakskaya SSR. English summary, p. 59.]

ParÉ, J. J., and others. Frost penetration studies in glacial till on the James Bay hydroelectric complex, [by] J. J. Paré and J. G. Lavallée and P. Rosenberg. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 15, No. 4, 1978, p. 473–93. [Observations of frost penetration into glacial till in region of high freezing indices.]

Peacock, J. D., and Ross, D. L. Anomalous glacial erratics in the southern part of the Outer Hebrides. Scottish Journal of Geology, Vol. 14, Pt. 3, 1978, p. 263. [Letter. Discusses evidence regarding movement of Devensian ice in Scotland.]

Rampton, V. N. Holocene glacial and tree-line variations in the White River valley and Skolai Pass, Alaska and Yukon Territory: a discussion. Quaternary Research, Vol. 10, No. 1, 1978, p. 130–34. [Criticizes paper by G. H. Denton and W. Karlen, ibid., Vol. 7, No. 1, 1977, p. 63–111. Reply by these authors, p. 134.]

Robinson, P. H., and Hull, A. G. Glacial deposits and the Taylor Glacier. (New Zealand) Antarctic Record (Wellington), Vol. 1, No. 1, 1978, p. 34–38. [Describes recent New Zealand studies in the dry valleys area of Victoria Land, especially observations on moraines and mass balance of Taylor Glacier.]

Rose, J. Glaciation and sea-level change at Bugöyfjord, south Varangerfjord, north Norway. Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift, Bd. 32, Ht. 3, 1978, p. 121–35. [Description and analysis of glacial and shoreline landforms.]

Sergin, V. Ya., and Sergin, S. Ya. Causes and nature of glacial oscillations in the Pleistocene, obtained by computer simulation. Materialy Glyatsiologicheskikh Issledovaniy. Khronika. Obsuzhdeniya, Vyp. 32, 1978, p. 274–77. [In Russian, p. 184–90, with figures and reference list. Discussion, p. 285–86; in Russian, p. 198–99.]

Sevast’yanov, D. V., and Tarnovskiy, A. A. Opyt primeneniya granulometricheskogo i termicheskogo analizov pri paleoglyatsiologicheskikh rekonstruktsiyakh [Application of granulometric and thermal analyses to palacoglaciological reconstructions]. Materialy Glyatsiologicheskikh Issledovaniy. Khronika. 0bsuzhdeniya, Vyp. 33, 1978, p. 220–24. [Examination of glacial deposits. English summary, p. 224.]

SpjeldnÆs, N. Climatic change in the Palaeozoic. Dansk Meteorologisk Institut. Klimatologiske Meddelelser, No. 4, 1978, p. 76–84. [Analyses Precambrian, Ordovician, and Permo-Carboniferous glaciations, and reviews some related biological and geological factors influencing climatic changes.]

Veyret, Y., and others. Première datation d’un épisode glaciaire recent dans le Massif Central français, par Y. Veyret, R. Brousse, et G. Delibrias. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires de Séances de l’Académie des Sciences (Paris), Tom 286, No. 14, 1978, p. 1089–92. [Glacio-fluvial terrace in Massif Central, France, dated as 13 580±250 years b.p.]

Whillans, I. M. Erosion by continental ice sheets. Journal of Geology, Vol. 86, No. 4, 1978, p. 516–24.[ Discusses basal erosion and entrainmeti of debris into glaciers. Concludes that large ice sheets transport debris short distances only and proposes new theory of erosion.]

WiŚniewski, E., and Karczkwski, A. O rzeźbie sandrów utworzonych na lodzie [On the relief of outwash plains formed on ice]. Przeglad Geograficzny, Tom 50, Zeszyt 2, 1978, p. 269–92. [Discusses relief of outwash plains of Werenskioldbreen, Torellbreen, and Gåsbreen, southern Spitsbergen, comparing to that of Ostróda, Poland. English summary, p. 290–92.]

Woerpel, C. Shear waves in glacial till. Masters Abstracts, Vol. 16, No. 1, 1978, p. 32. [Laboratory study from which theoretical equations are derived. Abstract of Master’s thesis, Western Michigan University, 1977. University Microfilms order no. 13-10435.]

Yokoyama, K. Some modified forms of lateral moraines observed in the Khumbu and Shorong regions, Seppyō, Vol. 40, Special Issue, 1978, p. 64–66. [Describes two types of moraine in this part of eastern Nepal.]

Frost action on rocks and soil. Frozen ground. Permafrost

Ballantyne, C. K. The hydrologic significance of nivation features in permafrost areas. Biuletyn Peryglacjalny, No. 27, 1978, p. 5–10. [Run-off measurements and dye-tracing observations carried out on perennial snow patches in Canadian Arctic indicate that main source of run-off in nivation features is active layer interflow, brought to surface by absence of thawed zone beneath snow-patehes.]

Ballantyne, C. K. The hydrologie significance of nivation features in permafrost areas. Geografiska Annaler, Vol. 60a, Nos. 1–2, 1978, p. 51–54. [Observations on Ellesmere Island indicate that main source of run-off from snow-covered nivation features is active layer interflow and that melt of snow-patch itself is relatively unimportant.]

Boardman, J. Grèzes litées near Keswick, Cumbria. Biuletyn Peryglacjalny, No. 27, 1978,p. 23–34. [Suggests that these stratified slope deposits from northern Cumbria, England, originated as periglacial slope deposits during late glacial.]

Brosche K.-U. Ergebnisse einer vergleichenden Studie zum rezenten und vorzeitlichen periglazialen Formen-schatz auf der Iberischen Halbinsel. Biuletyn Peryglacjalny, No. 27, 1978, P. 53–103. [Describes recent periglacial microforms of the Iberian Peninsula, as represented by solifiuction forms and patterned ground.]

Dylikowa, A., and others. Fossil frost- and ice-wedges, [by] A. Dylikowa, J. S. Gozdzík, A. Jahn. Biuletyn Peryglacjalny, No. 27, 1978, p. 171–77. [Includes: A. Dylikowa, “Introduction” , p. 171–72; J. S.Gozdzik, “Detailed analysis of fossil contractional frost-fissures, an instruction”, p. 172–75; A. Jahn, “Classification of the Pleistocene frost- and ice-wedge structures”, p. 175–77.]

Grechishchev. S. Ye. Mezhfaznoye vzaimodeystviye v porovoy vlage i termoreologieheskiye svoystva merzlykh gruntov [Interphase interaction in pore moisture and the thermorheological properties of frozen ground]. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, Tom 242, No. 3, 1978, p. 595–98.

Gullentops, F., and Paulissen, E. The drop soil of the Eisden type. Biuletyn Peryglacjalny, No. 27, 1978, p. 105–15. [Study of this type of involution allows some conclusions to be made about permafrost and maximum thaw depth at time of formation; in this rase, in Belgium.]

Hillefors, Å. The laleglacial climate in western Sweden. Dansk Meteorologisk Institut. Klimatologiske Meddelelser, No. 4, 1978, p. 85–92. [Discussion, based on field evidence of periglacial features.]

Johnson, P. G. Rock glacier types and their drainage systems, Grizziy Creek, Yukon Territory. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 15, No. 9, 1978. P.1496–1507. [Describes moraine rock glaciers, talus-derived rock glaciers, and avalanche rock glaciers.]

Kerschner, H. Paleoclimatic inferences from late Würm rock glaciers, eastern central Alps, western Tyrol, Austria. Arctic and Alpine Research, Vol. 10, No. 3, 1978, p. 635–44. [Fossil rock glaciers exist at elevations well below presently active ones. Discusses period of activity within context of known glacial history of eastern Alps.]

King M. S. Acoustic velocities and electrical properties of frozen sandstones and shales. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 14, No. 5, 1977, p. 1004–13. [Presents results from tests carried out at temperatures in range −18 to +4°C.]

Kuhle, M. Über Solifluktion und Strukturböden in S.E.-Iranischen Hochgebirgen. Biulelyn Peryglacjalny, No. 27, 1978, p. 117–31. [Solifiuction features in high mountains of Iran are similar in character to forms occurring in periglacial zones of other climatic regions and are due to cold moist winter climate.]

Mackay, J. R. Contemporary pingos: a discussion. Biuletyn Peryglacjalny, No. 27, 1978, p. 133–54. [Describes and discusses pingos in considerable detail, making clear distinction between them and other ice-cored mounds such as palsas.]

Mackay, J. R. Sub-pingo water lenses, Tuktoyaktuk Peninsula, Northwest Territories. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. Vol. 15, No. 8. 1978, p. 1219–27. [ Discusses results of drilling three growing pingos for measuring sub-pingo water pressures beneath aggrading permafrost. Existence of lenses suspected because of artesian flow from pingos, and confirmed by depth sounding.]

Ohata, T. On the vertical displacement of small stones in a shallow pond by freezing. Seppyō, Vol. 40, Special Issue, 1978, p. 67–70, [Observed that small stones at bottom of pond in evening were trapped at frozen surface next morning. Repetition of phenomenon leads to horizontal movement.]

Parameswaran, V. R. Adfreeze strength of frozen sand to model piles. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 15, No. 4, 1978, p. 494–500, [ Measurements of adfreeze strengths on model pile foundations of wood, steel, and concrete with different surface characteristics in frozen sand–ice mixture subjected to constant rate of loading.]

Popov, A. I. Cryolilthogenesis, the composition and structure of frozen rocks, and ground ice (the current state of the problem). Biuletyn Periglacjalny, No. 27, 1978, p. 155–70. [Reviews current theories in the U.S.S.R.]

Rein, R. G., jr, and Hathi, V. V. The effect of stress on strain at the outset of tertiary creep of frozen soils. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 15, No. 3, 1978, p. 424–26.

Schroeder, J. Les formes de glaces des grottes de la Nahanni, Territories du Nord-Ouest, Canada. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 14, No. 5, 1977, p. 1179–85. [Discusses ice in caves of karst region within discontinuous permafrost zone.]

Stieglitz, R. D. The development of ice by cryostatic pressure in northeastern Wisconsin and its effect on unconsolidated shore bluffs. Arctic and Alpine Research, Vol. 10, No. 3, 1978, p. 645–47. [Formed by ground water forced to surface under cryostatic pressure resulting from very deep frost penetration caused by low temperatures, lack of soil moisture, and thin snow cover.]

Tarakanov, A. G. Gol’tsovyy led Sibiri i yuga Dal’nego Vostoka [Gol’tsy ice in Siberia and the Far East]. Materialy Glyalsiologicheskikh Issledovaniy. Khronika, Obsuzhdeniya, Vyp. 33, 1978, p. 215–19. [Forms in spring from melt water on surface of rocks and soil, and has important geomorphologieal implications. English summary, p. 219.]

Taylor, G. S., and Luthin, J. N. A model for coupled heat and moisture transfer during soil freezing. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 15, No. 4, 1978, p. 548–55.

Walters, J. C. Polygonal patterned ground in central New Jersey, Quaternary Research, Vol. 10, No. 1. 1978, p. 42–54. [Describes features, all of which occur within 45 km of maximum Wisconsin ice margin.]

Meteorological and climatological glaciology

Choularton, T. W., and others. A possible mechanism of ice splinter production during riming, [by] T. W. Choularton, J. Latham, B. J. Mason. Nature, Vol. 274, No. 5673, 1978. p. 791–92. [Letter. Experiments suggest bursting of supercooled droplets as they freeze on riming particle.]

Ellenton, G. E. L. Sensible heat flux in convective parameterization with application to lake effect snow. Dissertation Abstracts International, B, Vol. 39. No. 4, 1978, p. 1819-B. [Model derived and applied to study of lake-effect winter storms at Lake Huron. Abstract of Ph.D. thesis, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 1978.]

Higuchi, K., and others. Observation of snow particles at Hidden Valley, Mukut Himal, [by] K. Higuchi. Y. Fujii, M. Nakawo [i.e. Nakao], and M, L. Shrestha. Seppyō. Vol. 40, Special Issue, 1978, p. 42–44. [Snow crystals, snow-flakes, and graupel observed in central Nepal during July– August.]

Mossop, S. C. The influence of drop size distribution on the production of secondary ice particles during graupel growth. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. Vol. 104, No. 440, 1978, p. 323– 30. [Experimental study in a cloud chamber shows rate of production depends on concentrations of both large and small drops in the cloud.]

Sakamoto, Y. Densen e no chaku hyōsetsu to sono yosoku [Estimation of the amount of ice and snow accretion on overhead wires], Seppyō, Vol. 40, No. 2, 1978, p. 71–77. [English summary, p. 77.]

Seino, H., and others. Yowai kōhyō o tomonatta tairyūkei no kōsui-bunpu no tokuchō ni tsuite [On precipitation characteristics of a weak hailstorm]. [By] H. Seino, Y. Omoto. T. Yagi. T. Yonetani. Kokuritsu Bōsai Kagaku Gijutsu Sentā kenkyū Hōkoku: Report of the National Research Center for Disaster Prevention, No. 19, 1978, p. 1–15. [Evidence from radar, hail pads, and rain gauges on the hail precipitation from a thunderstorm in Japan. English abstract, p. 1.]

Strommen, N. D., and Harman, J. R. Seasonally changing patterns of lake-effect snowfall in western lower Michigan, Monthly Weather Review, Vol. 106, No. 4, 1978, p. 503–09. [Investigates shift in distribution of snow-fall for period November 1965 to March 1971.]

Takeuchi, M. Dōro hyōshiki e no chakusetsu to sono bōshi [Snow aeeretion on traffic control signs and its prevention]. Seppyō, Vol. 40, No. 3, 1978, p. 117–27. [Principal effect due to wind, and altering wind flow around sign is best means of prevention. English summary, p. 127.]

Williams, L. D. Ice-sheet initiation and climatic influences of expanded snow cover in Arctic Canada. Quaternary Research, Vol. 10, No. 2. 1978, p. 141–49. [Tests assertion that increased snow cover would lower air temperature, depress isobaric surfaces, and increase precipitation locally. This occurred in October mean patterns of 1971–75 in response to early October snow cover. Discusses implications for inception of Laurentide ice sheet.]

Yasunari. T., and Inoue, J. Characteristics of monsoonal precipitation around peaks and ridges in Shorong and Khumbu Himal. Seppyō. Vol. 40, Special Issue, 1978. p. 26–32. [Observations of rain and snow-fall at various altitudes during different times of day.]

Snow

Barkov, N. I. and Lipenkov, V. Ya. Nakopleniye snega v rayone stantsii Vostok v 1970–1973 gg. [Snow accumulation in the region of Vostok Station in 1970– 73]. Informatsionnyy Byulleten’ Sovetskoy Antarkticheskoy Ekspeditsii, No. 9B, 1978, p. 63–68.

Clagett, G. P. Surveying snow in Arctic Alaska to determine its effects on reindeer herding. Proceedings of the Western Snow Conference, 46th annual meeting, 1978. p. 63–68. [Assesses limitation of winter range by overlying snow cover, Seward and Baldwin Peninsulas, western Alaska.]

Delmas, R.. and Boutron, C. Sulfate in Antarctic snow: spatio-temporal distribution. Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 12, Nos. 1–3, 1978, p. 723–28. [Presents results of analysis of snow samples from surface layers of East Antarctica. Variations not large. Major contribution from sea and from volcanic events.]

Dyunin, A. K., ed. Proyektirovaniye zheleznykh dorog v slozhnykh fiziko-geograficheskikh usloviyakh [The planning of railways in difficult physical and geographical conditions]. Novosibirskiy Institut Inzhenerov Zhelezno- dnrozhnago Transporta. Trudy, Vyp. 184, 1977, 129 p. [Collection of articles on construction of railways in Siberia where snow conditions and avalanches present problems.]

Farnes, P. E,. Future snow survey operations with SNOTEL. Proceedings of the Western Snow Conference, 46th annual meeting, 1978, p. 15–20. [Outlines use of snow survey telemetry (SNOTEL) systems in western United States.]

Ferguson, H. L., and Lapczak, S. Satellite imagery analysis of snow cover in the Saint John and Souris river basins. (In [Proceedings of the] fourth Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing [held] at Loews Le Concorde, Quebéc, May 16, 17, 18, 1977. Ottawa, Canadian Aeronautics and Space Institute, [1977], p. 126–42.) [Analyses data for period February-April 1976 from NOAA-4 satellite, also later imagery from Landsat.]

Fitzgibbon, J. E. Generation of the snowmelt flood in the subarctic, Schefferville, Quebec. Dissertation Abstracts International, B, Vol. 38, No. 10, 1978, p. 4699-B. [Comparison of different models. Abstract of Ph.D. thesis, McGill University, Montreal, 1977.]

Hall, D. K., and others. Passive microwave studies of snowpack properties, by D. K. Hall, A. Chang, J. L. Foster, A. Rango, and T. Schmugge. Proceedings of the Western Snow Conference, 46th annual meeting, 1978, p. 33–39. [Discusses information obtained during recent flights over Colorado, U.S.A.]

Hall, K. Ablation hollows on melting snow surfaces: a proposed classification and observations on formation. Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift, Bd. 32, Ht. 3, 1978, p. 143–46. [Description of asymmetrical ablation hollow and suggestion as to its mode of formation.]

Haverly, B. A., and others. A comparison of three snowmelt prediction models by B. A. Haverly, R. A. Wolford, and K. N. Brooks. Proceedings of the Western Snow Conference, 46th annual meeting, p.78–84. [Compares models on basis of predicting snow melt in Minnesota, U.S.A.]

Higuchi, K., and others. Snow crystal observations at Mt Yalung Kang, Kangchenjunga region, east Nepal, [by] K. Higuchi, Y. Ageta, and J. Inoue. Seppyō, Vol. 40, Special Issue, 1978, p. 45–49. [Replicas made and examined.]

Hofer, R., and Fuller, G. A study of snowmelt progression from Winnipeg to the Arctic islands using ERTS photographs. (In [Proceedings of the] fourth Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing [held] at Loews Le Concorde, Québec, May 16, 17, 18, 1977. Ottawa, Canadian Aeronautics and Space Institute, [1977], p. 143–48.)

Inoue, J., and Nagoshi, A. A stratigraphic study of the snow cover in Khumbu Himal. Seppyō, Vol. 39, Special Issue, 1977, p. 26–29. [Discusses results of snow-pit studies made in monsoon and post-monsoon seasons of 1973 and 1974 on Dzonglha and Kongma glaciers, Nepal.]

Ishikawa, M., and others. Sekisetsu guraido to yukinadare ni yoru vukinadare bōshi dana no higai (1) [Snow glide and damage of avalanche defence structures (1)]. [By] M, Ishikawa, S. Watanabe, Y. Ōzeki, S. Satō. Seppyō, Vol. 40, No. 3, 1978, p. 128–38. [Discusses mechanics of snow glide and how fences should be constructed (dimensions, angles, arrangement) to control flow of snow.]

Johannessen, M., and Henriksen, A. Chemistry of snow meltwater: changes in concentration during melting. Water Resources Research, Vol. 14, No. 4, 1978, p. 615–19. [Over half pollutant load is released with first 30% of melt water.]

Kimura, T., and Shimizu, M. Taiyōnetsu ni yoru yaneyuki yūkai ni kansuru yobijikken [Preliminary experiment on the melting of snow on a roof by the use of solar energy]. Kokuritsu Bōsai Kagaku Gijutsu Sentā Kenkyū Hōkoku: Report of the National Research Center for Disaster Prevention. No. 19, 1978, p. 191–99. [Using a cubic box of about 1 m³ with inclined roof and vertical window facing south. Tested January–February. English abstract, p. 191.]

Kosiba A. The conditions of changes in the formation of snow rover and water resources in the Sudetes mountains, Dansk Meteorologisk Institut. Klimatologiske Meddelelser, No. 4, 1978, p. 211. [Abstract. Discusses conditions in Sudety mountains, Poland.]

Lang. T. E., and Brown, R. L. Viscoelastic response of imperfect surface slab. Proceedings of the American Society of Civil Engineers. Journal of the Engineering Mechanics Division, Vol. 103, No. EM2, 1977, p. 257–72. [Theory of slope instability in snow-covered sloping terrain due to extensive weak layer in snow.]

Laptev, M. N., and others. Usloviya formirovaniya i mekhanizm vodosnezhnikh potokov [Conditions of formation and dynamics of water-snow flows]. [By] M. N. Laptev, V. N. Sapunov, V. S. Freydlin. Materialy Glyatsiologicheskikh Issledovaniy. Khronika. Obsuzhdeniya, Vyp. 32, 1978, p. 43–49. [Discusses these flows composed of water, snow, and solid matter, moving along river beds and with effect of avalanches or mud flows. English summary, p. 49.]

Lewis, J. E., and Singh, B. An initial investigation of radiative exchange around a tree trunk surrounded by snow. McGill University. Dept. of Geography. Climatological Bulletin No. 23, 1978, p. 15–29. [Examines causes of development of depression in snow round tree trunk.]

McKay, D. C., and Thurtell, G. W. Measurements of the energy fluxes involved in the energy budget of a snow cover. Journal of Applied Meteorology, Vol. 17, No. 3, 1978, p. 339–49.

Muro, T. Shimeri yuki no shimekatame tokusei [Compaction properties of wet snow]. Seppyō, Vol. 40, No. 3, 1978, p. 110–16. [Study of mechanical properties of artificially compacted snow. English summary, p. 116]

Nakamura, H. Rakka shita yuki no mitsudo henka [Change in density of blocks of new snow before and after collision against the natural snow surface]. Kokuritsu Bōsai Kagaku Gijutsu Sentā Kenkyü Hōkoku: Report of the National Research Center for Disaster Prevention, No. 19, 1978, p. 239–42. [Density measured before and after dropping from various heights in order to estimate volume of snow bank formed under caves by fall of snow from roof. English abstract, p. 239.]

Nakamura, T., and Abe, O. Rokuyane-jō sekisetsu no danmen kansoku to sono sekisetsu teibu de no yūkai [Observations on vertical profiles of the snow cover on roofs and melting at the bottom of the snow cover]. Kokuritsu Bōsai Kagaku Gijutsu Sentā Kenkyū Hōkoku: Report of the National Research Center for Disaster Prevention, No. 19, 1978, p. 219–28. [Compares melting of snow on roof and on ground. English abstract, p. 219.]

Nakamura, H., and Abe, O. Shinjō ni okeru shinsekisetsu no mitsudo [Density of daily new snow observed in Shinjō]. Kokuritsu Bōsai Kagaku Gijutsu Sentā Kenkyū Hōkoku: Report of the National Research Center for Disaster Prevention, No. 19, 1978, p. 243–50. [Measurements made in Yamagata district, Japan, for estimation of water equivalent. English abstract, p. 243.]

Pearson, M. G. Snowstorms in Scotland—1831 to 1861. Weather, Vol. 33, No. 10, 1978, p. 392–99. [Describes eight particularly severe winters during this period.]

Pfister, C. Fluctuations in the duration of snow-cover in Switzerland since the late seventeenth century. Dansk Meteorologisk Institut. Klimatologiske Meddelelser, No. 4, 1978, p. 1–6. [Based on early diaries and records.]

Rango, A. Pilot tests of satellite snowcover/runoff forecasting systems. Proceedings of the Western Snow Conference, 46th annual meeting, 1978, p. 7–14. [Results from western United States.]

Sklash, M. G. The role of groundwater in storm and snowmelt runoff generation. Dissertation Abstracts International, B, Vol. 39, No. 4, 1978, p. 1682-B. [Discusses cause of large ground water contribution to run-off. Abstract of Ph.D. thesis, University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 1978.]

Skogland, T. Characteristics of the snow cover and its relationship to wild mountain reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus L.) feeding strategies. Arctic and Alpine Research, Vol. 10, No. 3, 1978, p. 569–80. [Includes measurements of hardness and density of snow cover on Hardangervidda, Norway.]

Wankiewicz, A. Water pressure in ripe snowpacks. Water Resources Research, Vol. 14, No. 4, 1978, p. 593–600.

Warburton, J. A. An investigation of the physics and chemistry of precipitation on the Ross Ice Shelf. Eos. Transactions, American Geophysical Union, Vol. 59, No. 4, 1978, p. 309. [Abstract. Measures Ag, Na, K, and Mg in snow.]

Wendler, G. Snow blowing and snow fall on the North Slope, Alaska. University of Alaska. Geophysical Institute. Report Series UAG R-259, 1978, i, 22 leaves. [Statistical analysis of frequency of blowing snow as function of time of year, wind speed, wind direction, and temperature made for Barrow and Barter Island, and frequency of falling snow also analysed.]

Wilson, A. T. New Zealand work at Vostok Station. (New Zealand) Antarctic Record (Wellington), Vol. 1, No. 1, 1978, p. 5–6. [Includes analyses of snow, which was shown to have lower sodium content than at other sites studied.]

Wushik , H. Deuterium content in the Himalayan precipitation at Khumbu district, observed in 1974/1975. Seppyō, Vol. 39, Special Issue, 1977, p. 50–56. [Implications of analyses of rain and snow samples collected in Nepal.]