Conferences

Carlson, R. F and Morgenstern, N. R., ed. Report of the joint U.S.–Canadian northern civil engineering research workshop. A report of a workshop held at the University of Alberta, Edmonton on March 20, 1978. Edmonton, Alberta, University of Alberta. Boreal Institute for Northern Studies, [1978]. viii, 72 p. (IWR Report No 96; Boreal Institute for Northern Studies Miscellaneous Publication.) [Report divided into six topic areas: ice and snow engineering, p. 6–20; frozen ground engineering, p. 21–32; hydrotechnical engineering, p.33–41; environmental engineering, p. 42–51; municipal facilities, design and construction, p. 52–61; resource and transport facilities, design and construction, p. 62–72.]

Klein, D. A., ed. Environmental impacts of artificial ice nucleating agents. Stroudsburg, Penn., Dowden, Hutchinson,and Ross, Inc.,[^c1978]. vi, 256 p. [Based on papers presented at workshop held 10–11 November 1976 at Vail, Colorado, U.S.A. Contents: “Introduction”, p. 1–4; D. A. Klein and G. Mulvey, “Amounts of silver-derived agents used in weather modification in relation to contributions from other sources”, p. 5–8; G. Mulvey, “Atmospheric transport processes”, p. 9–23; W. L. Lindsay and M. Sadiq, “Theoretical solubility relationships of silver in soils”, p. 25–40; E. A. Jenne, D. C. Girvin, J. W. Ball, and J. M. Burchard, “Inorganic speciation of silvers in natural waters—fresh to marine”, p. 41–61; D. A. Klein, “Biochemical effects of silver”, p. 63–72; D. A. Klein, “Effects on microorganisms”, p. 73–91; D. A. Klein, “Soil microbiological processes”, p. 93–108; D. A. Klein, “Plant effects”, p. 109–26; D.A. Klein, “Potential impacts on aquatic systems”, p. 127–47; P.H. Davies and J. P. Goettl, Jr, “Evaluation of the potential impacts of silver and/or silver iodide on rainbow trout in laboratory and high mountain lake environments”, p.149–61; D.A.Klein,“Sewage treatment processes”, p. 163–68; D. A. Klein, “Effects on humans”, p. 169–75; D.A. Klein, “Silver effects: other terrestrial organisms”, p. 177–86; W. R. Barchet, “Other seeding agents: alternatives to silver iodide”, p. 187–207; “Summary”, p. 209–14; “Research recommendations”, p. 215–16; “References”, p. 217–50; “Index”, p. 251–56.]

[Permafrost.] Abstracts of papers; third International Conference on Permafrost, 10–13 July, 1978, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Sponsored by National Research Council of Canada. [Ottawa, National Research Council of Canada, 1978.] 181 p.

[Permafrost.] Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost, July 10–13, 1978, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, Vol. 1. Sponsored by the National Research Council of Canada. Ottawa, National Research Council of Canada, 1978. xliv, 947 p. [For details of individual papers see elsewhere in this list.]

Pittock, A. B., and others, ed. Climatic change and variability: a southern perspective. Based on a conference at Monash University, Melbourne, Australia, 7–12 December 1975 which was co-sponsored by the Australian Academy of Science. Editors: A. B. Pittock, L. A. Frakes, D. Jenssen, J. A. Peterson, J. W. Zillman on behalf of the Australian Branch, Royal Meteorological Society. Cambridge, etc., Cambridge University Press, [^c1978]. [xxiii], 455 p.[lncludes the following sections: B. V. Hamon and J. S. Godfrey, “The role of oceans”, p. 31–52; L. A. Frakes, “Cenozoic climates: Antarctica and the Southern Ocean”, p. 53–68; D. Jenssen, “Climatic and topographic changes from glaciological data”, p. 77–81; H. Flohn, “Abrupt events in climatic history”, p. 124–34; R. G. Barry, “Climatic fluctuations during the periods of historical and instrumental record”, p. 150–66;J. Chappell, “Theories of upper Quaternary ice ages”, p. 211–25; W. F. Budd and B. Mclnnes, “Modelling surging glaciers and periodic surging of the Antarctic ice sheet”, p. 228–33; J. R. Bray, “Volcanic eruptions and climate during the past 500 years”, p. 256–62.]

Poser, H., ed. Formen, Formengesellschaften und Untergrenzen in den heutigen periglazialen Höhenstufen der Hochgebirge Europas und Afrikas zwischen Arktis und Äquator. Bericht über ein Symposium. Abhandlungen der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Göttingen. Mathematisch-physikalische Klasse, Dritte Folge, Nr. 31, 1977, 355 P. [Altitudinal distribution of periglacial forms in the high mountains of Europe and Africa from the Arctic to the equator. Proceedings of a symposium held in Göttingen, Federal Republic of Germany, 19–23 September 1976. Papers presented include: G. Stäblein, “Periglaziale Formengesellschaften und rezente Formungsbedingungen in Grönland”, p. 18–33; A. Semmel, “Untersuchungen zur periglazialen Formung auf Spitzbergen” , p. 34–38; E. Schunke, “Periglazialformen und -formengesellschaften in der europäischatlantischen Arktis und Subarktis”, p. 39–62; H. Svensson, “Observations on polygonal fissuring in nonpermafrost areas of the Norden countries”, p. 63–76; K. Garleff, “Formen und Pflanzengesellschaften der perigiazialen Höhenstufe. Beispiele aus Sogn und Oppland (Norwegen)”, p. 75–91 ; S. Rudberg, “Periglacial zonation in Scandinavia”, p. 92–104; D. Kelletat, “Die rezente periglaziale Höhenstufe in den Gebirgen der nördlichen Mittelbreiten Europas”, p. 105–17; D. Barsch, “Alpiner Permafrost — ein Beitrag zur Verbreitung, zum Charakter, und zur Ökologie am Beispiel der Schweizer Alpen”, p. 118–41; A. Pissart “Apparition et évolution des sols structuraux périglaciaires de haute montagne. Expériences de terrain au Chambeyron (Alpes, France)”, p. 142–56; H. Karrasch, “Die klimatischen und aklimatischen Varianz-faktoren der periglazialen Höhenstufe in den Gebirgen West- und Mitteleuropas”, p. 157–77; K.-U. Brosche,“Formen, Formengesellschaften, und Untergrenzen in den heutigen periglazialen Höhenstufen der Hochgebirge der Iberischen Halbinsel”, p. 178–202; D. Kelletat, “Die rezente periglaziale Höhenstufe des Apennin: geomorphologische Ausstattung, gegenwärtige Formungsprozesse und Probleme der Abgrenzung”, p. 203–22; J. Hagedorn, “Probleme der periglazialen Höhenstufung in Griechenland”, p. 223–37; P. Höllermann, “Die periglaziale Höhenstufe der Gebirge in einem West-Ost-Profil von Nordiberien zum Kaukasus”, p. 238–60; W. Klaer, “Zur Morphogenese und Formungsdynamik innerhalb des periglazialen Stockwerkes der Hochgebirge Vorderasiens”, p, 261–74; R. Raynal, “Etagement comparé en altitude des processus périglaciaires actuels dans les hauts massifs du Maroc et d’Iran”, p. 275–89; H. Mensching, “Bemerkungen zum Problem einer ‘periglazialen’ Höhenstufe in den Gebirgen der Ariden Zone im nördlichen Afrika”, p. 290–99; J. Spönemann, “Die periglaziale Höhenstufe Ostafrikas”, p. 300–32; P. Höllermann and H. Poser, “Grundzüge der räumlichen Ordnung in der heutigen periglazialen Höhenstufe der Gebirge Europas und Afrikas. Rückblick und Ausblick”, p. 333–54.]

[Snow.] Śnieg i pokrywa śnieżna. Materialy z sympozjum w Zakopanem 15–17.III.1973r. [Snow and snow cover. Subject of a symposium at Zakopane 15–17 March 1973]. Warszawa, Instytut Meteorologii i Gospoderki Wodnej, 1977. 189 p. (Materialy Badawcze. Seria Meteorologia.) [Contents include: K. Chomicz, “Osobliwości i anomalie opadów snieżnych w górach [Peculiarities and anomalies of snow precipitation in mountains]”, p. 5–29 (English summary, p. 28) ; F. Šamaj and Š. Valovič, “Prawdopodobieństwo wystepowania oraz maksymalnej grubości pokrywy śnieżnej na Slowacji [Probability of duration and maximum depth of snow in Slovakia]” , p. 31–62 (English summary, p. 61–62); M. Sadowski, “Pokrywa śnieżna w Karkonoszach [Snow cover in the Karkonosze mountains]”, p. 63–75 (English summary, p. 75); B. Glowicki, “Struktura przestrzenna pokrywy śnieżnej w górnej części zlewni Potoku Szrenickiego [Spatial structure of the snow cover in the upper part of the watershed of the Potok Szrenicki]”, p. 77–95 (English summary, p. 94–95); S. Paczos, “Pokrywa śnieżna w województwie rzeszowskim ze szczególnym uwzglednieniem obszarów górskich [Snow cover in the Rzeszów voivodship with particular respect to the mountain regions]”, p. 97–123 (English summary, p. 122); S. Myczkowski, “Wplyw śniegu na drzewa i krzewy w obszarze górnej granicy lasu w Tatrach [The influence of snow on trees and shrubs in the region of the higher mountain forecast zone in the Tatry mountains]”, p. 125–34 (English summary, p. 132–33); J. Szkutnicki, “Wstepne wyniki pomiarów parowania i sublimacji z pokrywy śnieżnej w Tatrach [Results of measurements of evaporation and sublimation from snow cover in the Tatry mountains]”, p. 135–44 (English summary, p. 144); M. Klapowa, “Fizyczne wlaściwości śniegu na Hali Gasienicowej [Physical properties of snow in Hala Gasienicowa]”, p. 145–63 (English summary, p. 162) ; S. Baranowski, “Próba ilościowej oceny powolnych ruchów masowych w pokrywie śnieżnej [Attempt at the quantitative evaluation of the creep of snow cover]”, p. 165–75 (English summary, p. 175); M. Klapowa, “Wyniki badań nad lawinami śnieżnymi w Tatrach [Results concerning snow avalanches In the Tatry mountains]”, p. 177–88 (English summary, p. 187).]

Union GÉographique Internationale. ComitÉ de Coordination des Recherches PÉriglaciaires [et] ComitÉ National FranÇais de GÉographie. Commission D’Études des PhÉnomÈnes PÉriglaciaires. Colloque sur le périglaciaire d'altitude du domaine mediterranéen et abords, Strasbourg–Université Louis Pasteur, 12–14 mai 1977. [Strasbourg, Association Géographique d’Alsace, 1978. 366 p. [Contents include: J. Nicod,“Phénomènes glacio-karstiques et nivo-karstiques sur la carte géomorphologique du Devoluy méridional, plateaux de Bure et d’Aurouze”, p. 11–20; Y. Dewolf and F. Joly, “Héritages périglaciaires comparés (Mont Lozère-Aigoual-Ventoux)”, p. 21–30; M. Jorda, “Les formations à blocs des milieux subalpins et alpins des Alpes de Haute Provence. Essai d’interprétation génétique et chronologique”, p. 31–44; M. Julian, “Ages et origine des glaciers rocheux des Alpes-Maritimes”, p. 45–52; T.Vogt,“Place des croûtes calcaires dans les séquences morphogénétiques des périodes froides quaternaires en France méditerranéenne” , p. 53–60; S. Daveau, “Le périglaciaire d’altitude au Portugal”, p. 63–73; A. Morales Gil, F. Martin Galan, and F. Quirantes Gonzalez, “Formas périglaciales en Las Canadas del Teide (Tenerife)”, p. 79–90; P. Höllermann, “Soil movements in the sub-tropical mountain environment of high Tenerife (Canary Islands)”, p. 91–112; G. Couvreur, “Les limites de l’action du froid, actuelles et quaternaires, dans le Haut Atlas Central (Maroc)”, p. 115–21 ; A. Hentati, “Caractéristiques du périglaciaire hérité dans la partie occidentale de la dorsale tunisienne”, p. 123–33; G. Soutade, “Réponse du modelé d altitude à la déprise pastorale à l’Est des Pyrénées”, p. 137–45; D. Serrat, “Quelques aspects des éboulis stratifiés fossiles des Pyrénées orientales espagnoles”, p. 147–56; S. Llobet, “Dépôts périglaciaires dans le Massif du Montseny”, p. 157–60; M. Sala, “Présence de formes et formations périglaciaires dans le Massif du Montnegre (chaîne côtière catalane)”, p. 161–67; B. Bomer, “Les phénomènes périglaciaires dans le bassin de l'Ebre (Espagne septentrionale)”, p. 169–76; I. Asensio Amor and J. A. Gonzalez, “Contribución al estudio de acciónes peri-glaciaires en el borde S.W. del sistema ibérico (Cifuentes-Maranchon, Guadaljara)”, p. 177–85; K. Brosche, “Der vorzeitliche periglaziale Formenschatz auf der Iberischen Halbinsel. Möglichkeiten zu einer klimatischen Auswertung”, p. 187–98; M. Panizza, “Héritages périglaciaires würmiens dans l’Apennin Emilien”, p. 205–08; J. Demangeot, “L’étage périglaciaire au Gran Sasso (2912 m), Italie centrale”, p. 209–20; D. Kelletat, “Periglaziäre Schuttbildung in Küstenbereich des östlichen Mittelmeeres”, p. 221–29; J. Besancon, “Remarques sur le périglaciaire du Liban”, p. 231–42; J. Dresch, “Rôle des montagnes dans la morphogenèse actuelle et quaternaire au Moyen-Orient”, p. 245–52; W. Klaer, “Periglaziale Hangformung in den Hochgebirgen Vorderasiens”, p. 253–61; H. Hagedorn, W. Haars, J. Grunert, and D. Busche, “Periglazialerscheinungen im Shir-Kuh Massiv (Zentral-Iran)”, p. 263–78; R. Raynal, “Les grands versants réglés des montagnes iraniennes: un type régional particulier de modelé cryo-nival”, p. 279–86; C. Rathjens, “Klima und Formung in der Solifluktionsstufe des afghanischen Hindukusch (résumé)”, p. 287; M. Kuhle, “Über Periglazialerscheinungen im Kuh-i-Jupar (SE-lran) und im Dhaulagiri-Himalaya (Nepal) sowie zum Befund einer Solifluktionsobergrenze”, p. 289–309; M. Fort, “Sur quelques aspects périglaciaires du versant tibétain de la haute chaîne himalayenne: exemple de la haute vallée de Gya (Centre-Ouest Népal)” , p. 311–20; J. Hövermann and M. Kuhle, “Verbreitung und Bildung von Frostmusterböden in den Gebirgen des Vorderen Orients und der Sahara”, p. 321–31 ; B. Messerli, “Probleme des Periglazials in den Gebirgen der ariden Zone”, p. 333–45; P. Rognon, “Formes périglaciaires dans le Massif de l’Atakor (Hoggar)”, p. 347–64; A. Pissart, “Paroles de clôture”, p. 365–66. Some papers include discussions, and there is a discussion of papers on the Pyrenean-lberian region, p. 199–202.]

Zinderen Bakker, E. M. van, sr, ed. Antarctic glacial history and world palaeoenvironments. International Council of Scientific Unions. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research. Proceedings of a symposium held on 17th August, 1977 during the Xth INQUA Congress at Birmingham, U.K. Rotterdam, A. A. Balkema, 1978. [x], 172 p. [Contents include: H. Flohn, “Comparison of Antarctic and Arctic climate and its relevance to climatic evolution”, p. 3–13; A. T. Wilson, “Glacial history of New Zealand and the Ross Dependency, Antarctica”, p. 15–23; D. J. Drewry, “Aspects of the early evolution of West Antarctic ice”, p. 25–32; A. T. Wilson, “Past surges in the West Antarctic ice sheet and their climatological significance”, p. 33–39; J. P. Kennett, “Cainozoic evolution of circumantarctic palaeoceanography”, p. 41–56; J. D. Hays, “A review of the late Quaternary climatic history of Antarctic seas”, p. 57–71 ; J. H. Mercer, “Glacial development and temperature trends in the Antarctic and in South America”, p. 73–93; C. M. Clapperton, D. E. Sugden, R. V. Birnie, J. D. Hanson, and G. Thom, “Glacier fluctuations in South Georgia and comparison with other island groups in the Scotia Sea”, p. 95–104; K. J. Hall, “Evidence for Quaternary glaciation of Marion Island (sub-Antarctic) and some implications”, p. 137–47; J. M. Bowler, “Glacial age aeolian events at high and low latitudes: a southern hemisphere perspective”, p. 149–72.]

General Glaciology

Baranowski, S., and Henoch, W. E. S. Glacier and landform features in the Columbia Icefield area, Banff and Jasper National Parks, Alberta, Canada. Supplementary report on a study carried out for Parks Canada by Glaciology Division, Inland Waters Directorate, Environment Canada. [Ottawa, Fisheries and Environment Canada. Inland Waters Directorate. Glaciology Division], 1978. ix, 158, 17 p.+separate folder of maps. [Appendix by B. H. Luckman and M. S. Kearney, “Analysis and interpretation of a Holocene deposit from Castleguard Meadows, Banff National Park, Alberta”, 17 p.]

Barry, R. G., and others. World Data Center A activities, [by] R. G. Barry, R. L. Weaver, M. J. Shartran. Glaciological Data. Report GD-3, 1978, p. 1–52. [Includes: R. G. Barry, “Overview of the functions of WDC-A”, p. 1–3; R. L. Weaver, “The development of an inventory of ice core data”, p. 5–22; M. J. Shartran, “The bibliographic data file of WDC-A”, p. 23–30; M. J. Shartran, “Results of a survey on WDC-A activities”, p. 31–34; R. G. Barry and R, L. Weaver, “An outline of glaciological data categories”, P. 35–52.]

Cherskiy, N. V., and Tsarev, V. P. Rol’ oledeneniya i vulkanizma v obrazovanii i nakoplenii uglevodorodov v Antarktide [The role of glaciation and volcanism in the formation and accumulation of hydrocarbons in the Antarctic]. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, Tom 242, No. 5, 1978, p. 1162–65.

Edwards, M. B. Glacial environments. (In Reading, H. G., ed. Sedimentary environments and facies. Oxford, etc., Blackwell Scientific Publications, [^c1978], p. 416–38.) [Deals with present-day glaciers, glacial and related environments, glacial sedimentary facies, ancient glacial facies, and facies associations and glacial models.]

Harris, D. H., and others. Ice mantles and abnormal extinction in the rho Ophiuchi cloud, [by] D. H. Harris, N. J. Woolf, and G. H. Rieke. Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 226, No. 3, Pt. 1, 1978, p. 829–38. [Study of interstellar ice extinction shows abnormal extinction in this cloud is not due to ice mantle growth.]

Kotlyakov, V. M. Glyatsiologiya Antarktidy na rubezhe 80-x godov XX v. [Antarctic glaciology at the approach of the 1980’s]. Antarktika. Doklady Komissii, Vyp. 17, 1978, p. 110–24.

Kotlyakov, V. M., and Dreyer, N. N. The world atlas of snow and ice resources compiled in the Soviet Union. Glaciological Data. Report GD-3, 1978, p. 53–57. [Outlines current progress with preparation of this atlas, which was started in 1975.]

Kucera, R. E., and Henoch, W. E. S. Glacier and landform features in the Columbia Icefield area, Banff and Jasper National Parks, Alberta, Canada. A study carried out for Parks Canada by Glaciology Division, Inland Waters Directorate, Environment Canada. [Ottawa, Fisheries and Environment Canada. Inland Waters Directorate. Glaciology Division], 1978. ix, 131 p. +separate folder of maps.

Reynolds, R. T., and Cassen, P. M. On the internal structure of the major satellites of the outer planets. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 6, No. 2, 1979, p. 121–24. [Discusses stability of ice mantles and deduces that ice mantle above a liquid shell will rapidly solidify the liquid shell by solid-state convection and that this convection will continue.]

Smoluchowski, R. Amorphous ice on Saturnian rings and on icy satellites: its formation, stability, and observability. Science, Vol. 201, No. 4358, 1978, p. 809–11. [The ice on these may be amorphous, resulting from sputtering by particles in radiation belts. Possible observational checks discussed.]

Soderblom, L. A., and Wenner, D. B. Possible fossil H₂O liquid-ice interfaces in the Martian crust. Icarus, Vol. 34, No. 3, 1978, p. 622–37. [Interface may have produced a discontinuity which explains approximately uniform depth of erosion.]

Ulaby, F. T. Microwave remote sensing of hydrologic parameters. Proceedings of the eleventh International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment … 1977… . Ann Arbor, Center for Remote Sensing Information and Analysis, Environmental Research Institute of Michigan, Vol. 1, [1977], p. 67–86. [Review, referring to land-, aircraft-, and satellite-mounted sensors monitoring snow-pack, freeze-thaw boundaries, and lake ice, among others.]

Vivian, R. A., comp. Glaciological field stations. Parts 1 and 2. Glaciological Data. Report GD-4, 1979, ix, 101 p.; v, 103–227 p. [Lists information on facilities and research in progress at 67 world-wide stations.]

Glaciological Instruments and Methods

Arnold, K. C. Ice ablation measured by stakes and by terrestrial photogrammetry—a comparison on the lower part of the White Glacier, Axel Heiberg Island, Canada. Dissertation Abstracts international, B, Vol. 39, No. 9, 1979, p. 4244-B. [Emergence velocity deduced from maps and “long-term” ablation gradient deduced from photograrnmetry and compared with stake measurements. Abstract of Ph.D. thesis, McGill University, 1978.]

Bogorodskiy, V. V. Kompleksnyy metod opredeleniya massy vody v lednikakh [A complex method for determining water mass in glaciers]. Meteorologiya i Gidrologiya, 1978, No. 11, p. 70–77. [Based on radar measurements of depth of glaciers. English summary, p. 77.]

Boutron, C. Reduction of contamination problems in sampling of Antarctic snows for trace element analysis. Analytica Chimica Acta, Vol. 106, No. 1, 1979, p.127–30, [Details of sampling procedure and method of analysis.]

Butron, C., and Martin, S. Preconcentration of dilute solutions at the 10⁻¹² g/g level by nonboiling evaporation with variable variance calibration curves. Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 51, No. 1, 1979, p. 140–45. [Method used to determine metal ion content of snow collected in Antarctica with example given for snow collected at South Pole.]

Drake, B., and others. Radar monitoring of surface and internal glacial flow and iceberg movement, [by] B. Drake, W. E. Sivertson, Jr., P. L. Jackson, R. W. Larson. Proceedings of the twelfth International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment … 1978… . Ann Arbor, Center for Remote Sensing Information and Analysis, Environmental Research Institute of Michigan, Vol. 2, [1978], p. 1115–26. [Suggests technique whereby radar targets will be anchored on surfaces of glaciers, ice shelves, and icebergs, and monitored by satellites or aircraft.]

Ellerbruch, D. A., and others. Electromagnetic scattering properties of soils and snow, [by] D. A. Ellerbruch, R. L. Jesch, R, N. Jones, H. E. Bussey, H. S. Boyne, Proceedings of the twelfth International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment … 1978… . Ann Arbor, Center for Remote Sensing Information and Analysis, Environmental Research Institute of Michigan, Vol. 2, [1978], p. 957–74. [Describes technique and presents results from field experiments.]

Holtzman, J. C., and others. Radar image simulation, [by] J. C. Holtzman, V. S. Frost, J. L. Abbott, and V. H. Kaupp. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience Electronics, Vol. GE-16, No. 4, 1978, p. 296–303. [Model developed which can be used to aid interpretation of images and information extraction from images.]

Khorram, S. Remote sensing-aided systems for snow quantification, evapotranspiration estimation, and their application in hydrologie models. Proceedings of the eleventh International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment …1977…. Ann Arbor, Center for Remote Sensing Information and Analysis, Environmental Research Institute of Michigan, Vol. 1, [1977], p. 795–806. [Evolves methods based on use of satellite data and evaluates significance of results.]

King, M. S. Thermal conductivity measurements on saturated rocks at permafrost temperatures. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 16, No. 1, 1979, p. 73–79. [Describes development of simple divided-bar apparatus, and presents results on sandstones and limestone first saturated with distilled water and then frozen and unfrozen.]

Korobov, P. D. Radiogidroakusticheskiy metod issledovaniya dinamiki morskikh l’dov [Radio-hydroacoustical method of studying sea-ice dynamics]. Problemy Arktiki i Antarktiki, Vyp. 53, 1978, p. 36–41.

Larson, R. W., and others. The use of SAR systems for iceberg detection and characterization, [by] R. W. Larson, R. A. Shuchman, and R. F. Rawson, R. D. Worsfold. Proceedings of the twelfth International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment … 1978…. Ann Arbor, Center for Remote Sensing Information and Analysis, Environmental Research Institute of Michigan, Vol. 2, [1978], p. 1127–47. [Demonstrates that synthetic aperture radar (SAR), mounted on aircraft, may be used to detect icebergs and their movements in the Labrador Sea.]

Lytle, R. J., and Laine, E. F. Design of a miniature directional antenna for geophysical probing from boreholes.IEEE Transactions on Geoscience Electronics, Vol. GE-16, No. 4, 1978, p. 304–07.

Parashar, S. K., and others. Detection and monitoring of oil pollution in the ice environment through microwave techniques, [by] S. K. Parashar, B. R. Dawe, R. D. Worsfold. C-CORE Publication (Memorial University of Newfoundland. Centre for Gold Ocean Resources Engineering) 77−12, 1978, 19 p. [Qualitative assessment. Preprint for fifth Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing, Victoria, B.C., 28–31 August 1978.]

Parashar, S. K. and others. Stage 1 : evaluation of potential sea ice thickness measuring techniques—development of a remote sea ice thickness sensor. DSS Contract No. 16ST.T8200−7−7517−1 on behalf of Transport Canada, Research and Development Centre, I. Millman, Scientific Authority. Prepared by S. K. Parashar, B. R. Dawe, R. D. Worsfold. C-CORE Publication (Memorial University of Newfoundland. Centre for Cold Ocean Resources Engineering) 77−6, 1977, ix l., [101] leaves. [Suggests system operating in frequency region of 10 to 400 MHz. Further radar techniques should be studied.]

Raisbeck, G. M., and others. Beryllium-10 mass spectrometry with a cyclotron, [by] G. M. Raisbeck, F. Yiuo, M. Fruneau, J. M. Loiseaux. Science, Vol. 202, No. 4364, 1978, p. 215–17. [Method of using Be isotope ratio to date polar ice.]

Rango, A., and Salomonson, V. The utility of short wavelength (< 1 mm) remote sensing techniques for the monitoring and assessment of hydrologic parameters. Proceedings of the eleventh International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment … 1977… . Ann Arbor, Center for Remote Sensing Information and Analysis, Environmental Research Institute of Michigan, Vol. 1, [1977], p. 55–66. [Reviews current progress, referring to land-, aircraft-, and satellite-mounted sensors monitoring snow-covered regions among others.]

Rango, A., and others. The utilization of spaceborne microwave radiometers for monitoring snowpack properties, [by] A. Rango, A. T. C. Chang, and J. L. Foster. Nordic Hydrology, Vol. 10, No. 1, 1979, p. 25–40. [Discusses satellite-borne microwave sensors.]

Rossiter, S. R. Interpretation of radio interferometry depth sounding, with emphasis on random scattering from temperate glaciers and the lunar surface. Dissertation Abstracts International, B, Vol. 39, No. 7, 1979, p. 3208-B-09-B. [Data from Athabasca Glacier, Alberta, and Juneau Icefield, Alaska, used. Abstract of Ph.D. thesis, University of Toronto, 1977.]

Schemenauer, R. S., and Curry, M. J. Ice particle/water droplet discrimination with an optical ice particle counter. Journal of Applied Meteorology, Vol. 18, No. 2, 1979, p. 215–24. [Laboratory and field tests of a Mee Industries Model 120 ice particle counter.]

Schiegg, H. O., and Schommer, P. Ein elektrothermischer Firnbohrer. Zeitschrift für Gletscherkunde und Glazialgeologie, Bd. 14, Ht. 1, 1978, p. 125–31. [Describes thermo-electric drill for drilling firn. Diameter of hole 35 mm, speed 15 m/h.]

Schmidt, R. A. Measuring visibility in blowing snow. Transportation Research Circular (Washington, D.C.), No. 193, 1978, p. [5]. [Abstract only. Describes electronic system for monitoring visibility in blowing snow.]

Skou, N. Development of an airborne multifrequency radiometer system. Lyngby, Technical University [of] Denmark Electromagnetics Institute, 1978. ii l., 66 leaves. (R 203.) [Uses of this system include sea-ice studies.]

Skou, N., and Teilgaard, J. Radioglaciology. Design and construction of ice sounding antennas for LC-130 Bureau No. 159131. Lyngby, Technical University [of] Denmark, 1978. ii, 149 leaves. (R 200.) [Development and testing of new equipment for new aircraft.]

Vinnikov, S. D. Gidravlicheskiy metod otsenki zatornykh mass l’da v rechnykh potokakh [A hydraulic method for the assessment of ice-jam masses in river flows]. Meteorologiya i Gidrologiya, 1978, No. 6, p. 62–70. [English summary, p. 70.]

Wishakt, E. R. An ultra-sensitive instrument for measuring electric charges on ice particles. Journal of Applied Meteorology, Vol. 17, No. 10, 1978, p. 1510–13. [Description of apparatus to measure charges from 1 fC to 10 pC.]

Physics of Ice

Abbati, I., and others. Investigating ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy of ice, [by] I. Abbati, L. Braicovich, and B. De Michelis. Solid State Communications, Vol. 29, No. 6, 1979, p. 511–14. [Photoelectron energy distribution curves from ice bombarded by HeI and NeI radiation show strict connection with valence density of states.]

Anderson, B. J., and Hallett, J. Influence of environmental saturation and electric field on growth and evaporation of epitaxial ice crystals. Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol. 46, No. 3, 1979, p. 427–44. [Observations of growth of ice on covellite and AgI substrates interpreted in terms of reduced growth-rate caused by strain at ice-substrate interface.]

Arsenault, L. J., and others. Caging effects of an ice lattice on high-energy iodine germinate recombination with biomolecules, by L. J. Arsenault, A. J. Blolcky, V. A. Medina, E.P. Rack. Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 83, No. 7, 1979, p. 893–94. [Letter. Results of experiments performed on frozen solutions are quite different from those in liquid. Results interpreted in terms of trapping of molecules within the ice in a clathrate-like cage.]

Barnes, P. Machine simulation of water. (In Croxton, C. A., ed. Progress in liquid physics. Chichester, etc.. Wiley, [^cI978], p. 391–428.) [Includes energy calculations on ice I lattice.]

Bartczak, W. M., and others. A new model of the hydrated electron. Statistical distribution of trapped electron energies, by W. M. Bartczak, M. Hilczer, J. Kroh. Radiochemical and Radioanalytical Letters, Vol. 36, Nos 4−5, 1978, p. 245–55.

Gilpin, R. R. A model of the “liquid-like” layer between ice and a substrate with applications to wire regelation and particle migration. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, Vol. 68, No. 2, 1979, p. 235–51. [Model used to show relation between these two problems; it predicts two modes of behaviour for pressure-induced regelation.]

Golecki, I., and Jaccard, C. Intrinsic surface disorder in ice near the melting point. Journal of Physics C, Vol.11, No. 21, 1978, p. 4229–37. [100 keV proton channelling used to study this. Results consistent with electrical and mechanical surface properties of an amorphous layer, but thicker than that predicted by Fletcher.]

Gonda, T., and Yamazaki, T. Morphology of ice droxtals grown from supercooled water droplets. Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol. 45, No.1, 1978, P. 66–69. [Study of growth modes of polyhedral ice crystals (droxtals) from spherical ice crystals in atmospheres above and below water saturation.]

GÜttinger, H., and others. Dynamic light scattering at the ice–water interface during freezing, [by] H. Güttinger, J. H. Bilgram, H. Känzig. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, Vol. 40, No. 1, 1979, p. 55–66. [Observations of quasi-elastic scattering of laser light on the basal plane of an ice crystal growing faster than a critical rate are interpreted in terms of a fluctuating interface.]

Harrison, J. C. GRP pipeline failure. Chemistry and Industry (London), 1978, No. 16, p. 622, 625. [Letter. Ice (among other things) may induce brittle fracture of plastics if sufficiently well bound to the surface.]

Holzapfel, W. B., and others. Raman studies on ice VII and VIII, [by] W. B. Holzapfel, R. S. Hawke, and K. Syassen. (In International Association for the Advancement of High Pressure Science and Technology. Proceedings of the fourth International Conference on High Pressure, Kyoto 1974. Kyoto, Physico-Chemical Society of Japan, [^c1975], p. 344–47. (Special issue of Review of Physical Chemistry of Japan.) [Experiments described and effect of pressure and temperature on molecular stretching frequencies in liquid and these two phases deduced.]

Hondoh, T., and Higashi, A. Anisotropy of migration and faceting of large-angle grain boundaries in ice bicrystals. Philosophical Magazine, [Eighth Ser.,] A, Vol. 39, No. 2, 1979, p. 137–49. [X-ray diffraction topographs during grain-boundary migration show boundary has strong tendency to be parallel to low-energy facets.]

Hubmann, M. Polarization processes in the ice lattice. I. Approach by thermodynamics of irreversible processes. New experimental verification by means of a universal relation. Zeitschrift für Physik B, Bd. 32, Ht. 2, 1979, p. 127–39. [Extension of Jaccard theory to a larger class of defects and derivation of a universal relation between electric parameters. Explanation of data on ice doped with HF and NH₃.]

Hubmann, M. Polarization processes in the ice lattice. II. Approach by Kirkwood’s theory. Comparison with the results from thermodynamics of irreversible processes. Zeitschrift für Physik B, Bd. 32, Ht. 2, 1979, p. 141–46. [Comparison of the two theories. Attention is drawn to two different ways of thinking of dipoles in ice, a molecular view and a bond view, each of which has physical significance.]

Iwaki, T., and Jellinek, H. H. G. Adsorption of water vapor on block copolymers. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, Vol. 69, No. 1, 1979, p. 17–23. [Adsorption isotherms measured. Entropies indicated adsorbate structure more ordered than ice. Ice-releasing adhesive strengths correlate well with these data.]

Johari, G. P., and Sivakumar, T. C. Effect of pressure on the Raman spectrum of translational lattice vibrations in ice. Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 69, No. 12, 1978, p. 5557–58. [Effect of pressure on these vibrations of ice Ih.]

Johari, G. P., and Whalley, E. Evidence for a very slow transformation in ice VI at low temperatures. Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 70, No. 5, 1979, p. 2094–97. [High-frequency permittivity of ice VI decreases steadily at 123.1 K and increases again if warmed to 127.8 K. This is evidence for a transition to a new phase as it is too slow for proton ordering.]

Jones, S. J. Triaxial testing of polycrystalline ice. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost …1978 … . Vol. 1… ., 1978, p. 670–74. [Reports results in strain-rate range 10⁻⁶ to 5 × 10⁻³ S⁻¹.]

Kaimin’, I., and others. Temperaturnyy perekhod l’da pri 190 K [Temperature transition of ice at 190 K]. [By] I. Kaimin’, M. Ya. Yoyelovich, F. F. Tkachenko. Zhurnal Fizicheskoy Khimii, Tom 52, Vyp. 11, 1978, p. 2979.[Abrupt change in ice properties found in thermomechanical and dilatometric tests but not in differential thermal analyses. English translation in Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 52, No. 11, 1978 [pub. 1979], p. 1715.]

Kaymakov, Ye. A., and Aliyev, S. Opredeleniye plotnosti steklovidnogo vodyanogo l’da [Determination of the density of glassy ice]. Doklady Akademii Nauk Tadzkikskoy SSR, Tom 20, No. 9, 1977, P. 18–20. [Density of glassy ice formed on copper at liquid nitrogen temperature was 1.20±0.03 Mg m⁻³.]

Kennedy, P. J. Investigation of the solubility and diffusion of hydrochloric acid in ice. Dissertation Abstracts International, B, Vol. 39, No. 4, 1978, p. 1780-B. [Solubility data obtained during vacuum sublimation of freezing mixtures. Temperature dependence indicates a partial dissociation of HCl in the ice lattice. Diffusion coefficient found to be three orders of magnitude less than self-diffusion. Abstract of Ph.D. thesis, Temple University, 1978. University Microfilms order no. 7817312.]

King, W. D. Vapor depletion in processing membrane filters: the effect of chamber parameters. Journal of Applied Meteorology, Vol. 17, No. 10, 1978, p. 1498–509. [Calculations of vapour field around a growing ice crystal and of associated losses in deposition nuclei. Results agree reasonably with experiment.]

Kobayashi, T., and Furakawa, Y. Epitaxial relationships during the formation of three-dimensional snow dendrites. Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol. 45, No. 1, 1978, p. 48–56. [Natural polycrystalline snow crystals show predominant misorientation of 70° in c axes which can be explained on coincident-site lattice theory.]

Kroh, J. Fundamental research in radiation chemistry at the Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry (IARC) in Łódź. Radiochemical and Radioanalytical Letters, Vol. 36, Nos. 4–5, 1978, p. 213–21. [General survey of work carried out at the Institute, principally on the radiochemistry of ice and frozen solutions, to introduce issue devoted to papers from the Institute.]

Kroh, J., and Stradowski, C. On electron trap depth in irradiated alkaline ice. Radiochemical and Radioanalytical Letters, Vol. 36, Nos. 4–5, 1978, p. 223–34. [Scavenger concentration dependence of optical density of electrons trapped in γ-irradiated alkaline ice studied and results interpreted in terms of tunnelling.]

Lancaster, G. M., and others. Macromolecular ionic clusters of water detected by SIMS, by G. M. Lancaster, F. Honda, Y. Fukuda, and J. W. Rabalais. International Journal of Mass Spectrometry and Ion Physics, Vol. 29, No. 2, 1979, p. 199–202. [Secondary-ion mass spectrum of ice sputtered by 3 keV He⁺ ions shows ions of H⁺ with up to 51 water molecules.]

Langer, G., and others. Ice nucleation mechanisms of submicron monodispersed silver iodide, 1,5-dihydroxy-naphthalene, and phloroglucinal aerosol particles, [by] G. Langer, G. Cooper, C. T. Nagamoto, and J. Rosinski. Journal of Applied Meteorology, Vol. 17, No. 7, 1978, p. 1039–48. [Ice-nucleating abilities determined using NCAR ice nucleus counter and mechanism discussed.]

Laudise, R. A., and Barns, R. L. Are icicles single crystals? Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol. 46, No. 3, 1979, p. 379–86. [Study of about 60 icicles with varying growth-rates showed wide variety of textures including some large single-crystal regions.]

Levi, L., and Prodi, F. Crystal size in ice grown by droplet accretion. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 35, No. 11, 1978, p. 2181–89. [Determination for wide range of air and deposit temperatures.]

Lumpkin, O., and Dixon, W. T. ¹⁷O quadrupole resonance in ice Ih: evidence for proton tunnelling and c-axis order. Chemical Physics Letters, Vol. 62, No. 1, 1979, p. 139–42. [Pure ¹⁷O quadrupole resonance observed in enriched ice at 4.2 K and 1.3 K. Results explained by rapid proton tunnelling by protons along bonds inclined to c-axis with ordering parallel to c-axes.]

Maki, J. R., and Willoughby, K. J. Bacteria as biogenic sources of freezing nuclei. Journal of Applied Meteorology, Vol. 17, No. 7, 1978, p. 1049–53. [Isolation of bacteria which produce nuclei.]

Mienska-Tomczyk, M. Temperature dependent photobleaching of trapped electrons in γ-irradiated ethylene glycol-water glass. Radiochemical and Radioanalytical Letters, Vol. 36, Nos. 4−5, 1978, p. 275–86. [Results of electron spin resonance and photoconductivity measurements suggest photobleach occurs via electron superexcited states.]

Mishima, O., and others. Thermal expansion anomaly of ice VI related to the order–disorder transition, by O. Mishima, N. Mori, S. Endo. Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 70, No. 4, 1979, p. 2037–38. [Thermal expansion shows no anomaly at 47 K, but does indicate a transition at 115 K.]

Moan, J., and BØckmann, B. Hydrogen atoms in X-irradiated acid ice. Scavenger effects. Chemical Physics Letters, Vol. 61, No. 3, 1979, p. 486–88. [Study of hydrogen atoms trapped when frozen 7 M solutions of NaClO₄ with 0.25 M H⁺ are exposed to X-rays.]

Moan, J., and others. Photo- and radiation-produced H-atoms in acid low temperature glasses containing Fe²⁺ ions, [by] J. Moan, O. Kaathus, and B. Høvik. Chemical Physics Letters, Vol. 61, No. 3, 1979, p. 481–85. [Frozen H₂SO₄ and 7 M NaClO₄ solutions with Fe²⁺ ions exposed to X-rays and ultraviolet light and then studied by electron paramagnetic resonance. Results interpreted in terms of mode of production of H atoms.]

Mukai, T., and others. Is water-ice the carrier of the 3 μm-absorption in infrared objects? [By] T. Mukai and S. Mukai and K. Noguchi. Astrophysics and Space Science, Vol. 53, No. 1, 1978, p. 77–84. [Detailed study of optical constants measured at 100 K reveals discrepancies with Mie theory that cast doubt on the attribution of this band to interstellar ice.]

Nakayama, H. Hydrates of organic compounds. IV. Clathrate hydrates of various bolaform salts. Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan, Vol. 52, No. 1, 1979, p. 52–56. [Solid-liquid phase diagrams for a number of these materials show clathrate-like hydrates.]

Ohno, K. Effect of volume relaxation on trapped hydrogen ESR in γ-irradiated 6 mol dm⁻³ sulfuric acid glassy ice. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, Vol. 12, Nos. 3–4, 1978, p. 83–84. [Results indicate volume change of c. 3%.]

Papoular, L., and others. Possible identification of the 45-μ ice signature in Orion, [by] L. Papoular, P. Léna, A. Martin, D. Rouan, J. Wÿnbergen. Nature, Vol. 276, No. 5688, 1978, p. 593–94. [Data indicate presence of an emission due to amorphous ice.]

Perez, J., and others. Étude des joints de grains dans la glace I_h par mesure du frottement intérieur, par J. Perez, C. Maï, J. Tatibouet, et R. Vassoille. Physica Status Solidi (a), Vol. 52, No. 1, 1979, p. 321–30. [Low- frequency friction peak studied in ice bicrystals.]

Platt, C. M. R. Lidar backscatter from horizontal ice crystal plates. Journal of Applied Meteorology, Vol. 17, No. 4, 1978, p. 482–88. [Unusual returns interpreted in this way.]

Platt, C. M. R., and others. Some microphysical properties of an ice cloud from lidar observation of horizontally oriented crystals, [by] C. M. R. Platt, N. L. Abshire, and G. T. McNice. Journal of Applied Meteorology, Vol. 17, No. 8, 1978, p. 1220–24. [Estimate of diameter, particle density, and departure of crystal axis from horizontal.]

Plonka, A., and others. Kinetic behaviour of trapped hydrogen atoms in sulfuric acid glasses γ-irradiated at 63–90 K, by A. Plonka, J. Kroh, K. Wyszywacz. Radiochemical and Radioanalytical Letters, Vol. 36, Nos. 4–5, 1978, p. 257–63. [Depends mainly on matrix relaxation phenomena.]

Polevoi, P., and Plonka, A. ESR and optical absorption spectra of electrons trapped at 77 K in 6–20 M alkaline ice. Radiochemical and Radioanalytical Letters, Vol. 36, Nos. 4–5, 1978, p. 235–43. [Changes with concentration indicate increasing contribution of solvent-shared ion pairs.]

Pollmer, K. Ein Beitrag zur Clathrierung von Kohlwasserstoff-Vielstoffgemischen. Zeitschrift für Chemie, 19.Jahrg., Ht. 3, 1979, p. 81–91. [Review of clathrate formation including clathrate hydrates.]

Pudzianowski, A. T., and Schwartz, R. N. Radiation chemistry of glassy alkaline ice systems from a structural viewpoint. Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 83, No. 2, 1979, p. 224–28. [New method proposed for production of O⁻ ions and model proposed for large-scale structure of NaOH glassy ices.]

Raisbeck, G. M., and others. Measurement of ¹⁰Be in 1,000- and 5,000-year-old Antarctic ice, [by] G. M. Raisbeck, F. Yiou, M. Fruneau, M. Lieuvin, J. M. Loiseaux. Nature, Vol. 275, No. 5682, 1978, p. 731–33. [Analysis of core from Dome C using accelerator technique shows this isotope accumulates much less here than in Greenland or in marine sediments.]

Rice, S. A., and others. On the continuity of state between amorphous solid and liquid water, [by] S. A. Rice, M. S. Bergren, and L. Swingle. Chemical Physics Letters, Vol. 59, No. 1, 1978, p. 14–16. [Infrared absorption spectroscopy of thin films of amorphous ice show it to be stable for c. 1 min up to 160 K. Relevance of this to continuity of state discussed.]

Ritzhaupt, G., and others. Infrared spectrum of deuterium oxide vibrationally decoupled in H₂O ice Ic, by G. Ritzhaupt, C. Thornton, and J. P. Devlin. Chemical Physics Letters, Vol. 59, No. 3, 1978, p. 420–22. [Stretching frequencies determined and exchange activation energy estimated.]

Rosso, J. C., and Carbonnel, L. Clathrates et autres hydrates des aldéhydes et des cétones. Stœchiométrie des combinaisons déduite des diagrammes de phase eau-aldéhydes et eau-cétones. Bulletin de la Société Chimique de France, 1978, Nos. 9−10, Pt. 1, p. 381–87. [Phase diagrams of a number of these systems showed presence of type-II clathrates.]

Strauss, I. M., and Symons, M. C. R. Low temperature infrared spectroscopic study of the solvation of ions in water. Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions I, Vol. 74, No. 10, 1978, p. 2518–29. [Infrared spectra of vitreous ice found from dilute solutions of HOD in D₂O containing electrolytes.]

Yamaoka, T., and Kono, R. Sound velocity and crystal structure of ethanol–water mixture, (In Hasiguti, R. R., and Mikoshiba, N., ed. Internal friction and ultrasonic attenuation in solids. Proceedings of the sixth International Conference on Internal Friction and Ultrasonic Attenuation in Solids held July 4–7, 1977, Tokyo. [Tokyo], University of Tokyo Press, [^c1977], p. 301–04.) [Measurements at −80°C show velocity in a 23 mol% mixture to be far lower than in pure ice, suggesting the crystal structure may be planar or linear.]

Zhekamukhov, M. K. O vliyanii vodyanoy plenki na strukturu rastushchego pod ney l’da [Effect of a water film on the structure of ice growing under it]. Inzhenerno-Fizickeskikh Zhurnal, Tom 33, Vyp. 2, 1977, p. 323–28. [Solution of diffusion equations for gas concentration in a liquid film shows that ice growing beneath it may be either transparent or cloudy. English summary, p. 328.]

Land Ice. Glaciers. Ice Shelves

Ambach, W. Ist die Umwelt durch radioaktiven atmosphärischen Fall-out noch kontaminiert? Wetter und Leben, Jahrg. 30, Ht. 3, 1978, p. 165–69. [Discusses deposition of radioactive fission products by atmospheric fall-out in snow accumulation zones of polar and alpine glaciers.]

Ambach, W., and others. Untersuchungen der Wassertafel am Kesselwandferner (Ötztaler Alpen) an einem 30 Meter tiefen Firnschacht, von W. Ambach [and 9 others]. Zeitschrift für Gletscherkunde und Glazialgeologie, Bd. 14, Ht. 1, 1978, p. 61–71. [Describes investigations of water-saturated firn layer in accumulation area of Kesselwandferner, Austria, in 1974–77. Response to changes in atmospheric conditions observed.]

Ambach, W., and others. Untersuchungen der Wassertafel am Kesselwandferner (Ötztaler Alpen) an einem 30 m Firnschacht. Kurzfassung, [by] W. Ambach [and 9 others]. Veröffentlichungen der Schweizerischen Meteorologischen Zentralenstall, 40, 1978, p. 251–53. [Study of water-saturated firn layer in accumulation area of Kesselwandferner, Austrian Alps.]

Autenboer, T. Van, and Decleir, H. Glacier discharge in the Sør-Rondane, a contribution to the mass balance of Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica. Zeitschrift für Gletscherkunde und Glazialgeologie, Bd. 14, Ht. 1, 1978, p. 1–16. [Mass transport and flux values for different types of glaciers in this region calculated and results interpreted in light of general flow line analysis, glacial geological investigations, and ablation terms of mass balance for Dronning Maud Land and Antarctica.]

Bachman, R. C., ed. Gletscher der Alpen. Bern und Stuttgart, Hallwag Verlag, [^c1978]. 304 p. [Profusely illustrated with coloured and black-and-white photographs and maps. In two sections, first containing separate articles: F. Wilhelm, “Grundbegriffe und Aufgaben der Gletscherkunde”, p. 8–21; L. King, “Gletscherschwankungen”, p. 22–29; F. Wilhelm, “Der Einfluss der Gletscher auf Natur- und Kulturlandschaft”, p. 30–39; J. Pult, “Die Bezeichnungen für Gletscher in den Alpen”, p. 40–41 ; G. Michler, “Leben am Rande des Eises”, p. 42–52; T. Hiebeler, “Unterwegs auf Gletschern. Gefahren, Verhaltensweise, Ausrüstung”, p. 54–61; “Die Bergausrüstung im Wandel der Zeit. Gefahren und Verhalten auf Gletschern”, p. 62–65; M. Imboden, “Eistechnik”, p. 66–67; W. Schiemann, “Einführung in die Geologie der Alpen”, p. 68–69. Second section includes detailed descriptions of individual glaciers in French, Swiss, Austrian, and Italian Alps.]

Bindschadler, R. A. A time-dependent model of temperate glacier flow and its application to predict changes in the surge-type Variegated Glacier during its quiescent phase. Dissertation Abstracts International, B, Vol. 39, No. 6, 1978, p. 2713-B–14-B. [Presents model and applies to glacier in Alaska. Abstract of Ph.D. thesis, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 1978.]

BjÖrnsson, H. The cause of jökulhlaups in the Skaftá river, Vatnajökull. Jökull, Ár 27, 1977 [pub. 1978], p. 71–78.

BjÖrnsson, S. Hlaupið i Jökulsá á Breiðamerkursandi árið 1927. Jökull, Ár 27, 1977 [pub. 1978], p. 94–95.[Describes jökulhlaup in river Jökulsá on Breiðamerkursandur in 1927. English summary, p. 95.]

Bocquet, G. Étude et surveillance d'un glacier tempéré à partir de prises de vues automatiques. Revue de Géographie Alpine, Tom. 67, Fasc. 1, 1979, p. 73–83. [Since 1974, a fixed camera has enabled a continuous survey to be made of a point on the surface of glacier de Chavière (Vanoise).]

Bozhinskiy, A. N., and Zeydis, I. M. O razvitii vozmushcheniy na poverkhnosti sklonov i lednikov [On the development of disturbances on surfaces of slopes and glaciers]. Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta. Seriya 5. Geografiya, 1978, No. 4, p. 106–09. [Theory of glacier surges. English summary, p. 109.]

Cary, P. W., and others. A creep instability analysis of the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets, [by] P. W. Cary and G. K. C. Clarke and W. R. Peltier. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 16, No. 1, 1979, p. 182–88. [Derived stability maps indicate both ice sheets completely stable; however, stability of Wilkes Land coast, Antarctica, only marginal and cannot be determined accurately because of uncertainties in data.]

Chang, A. T. G., and Choudhury, B. J. Microwave emission from polar firn. U.S. N[ational] A[eronautics and] S[pace] A[dministration] Technical Paper 1212, 1978, iii, 20 p. [Uses microscopic single particle scattering model together with measured crystal size and temperature variation with depth to provide quantitative explanation of observed brightness temperatures of south and north polar regions.]

Chaudhuri, J. N., and Abbi, D. S. An analysis of meteorological observations recorded at Gara glacier in Sutlej catchment. Vayu Mandal (New Delhi), Vol. 6, Nos. 2–3, 1976, p. 66–68. [Ablation of glacier studied in relation to meteorological parameters.]

Clough, J. W., and Hansen, B. L. The Ross Ice Shelf Project. Science, Vol. 203, No. 4379, 1979, p. 433–34. [For three weeks, geological, oceanographical, and biological measurements were made through hole drilled in ice shelf on 15 December 1977, 420 m through ice, about midway between open sea and ice barrier. Reviews some results briefly.]

Desinov, L. V., and others. Itogi pervogo podsputnikovogo eksperimenta po indikatsii pul’siruyushchikh lednikov Pamira [Results of the first sub-satellite experiment on indication of surging glaciers of the Pamir]. [By] L. V. Desinov, V. G. Zakharov, V. M. Kotlyakov, V. F. Suslov. Izvestiya Vsesoyuznogo Geograficheskogo Obshchestva, Tom 110, Vyp. 6, 1978, p. 505–12. [Glaciers of Muksu and Obikhingoy river basins, Tadzhik-skaya S.S.R.]

Dmitriyev, D. N., and others. Deformatsiya stenok glubokoy skvazhiny v antarkticheskom lednikovom pokrove na stantsii Vostok [Deformation of deep bore hole walls in the Antarctic ice sheet at Vostok Station]. [By] D. M. Dmitriyev, R. N. Vostretsov, I. A. Petukhov. Informatsionnyy Byulleten’ Sovetskoy Antarkticheskoy Ekspeditsii, No. 98, 1978, p. 53–57.

Drewry, D. J., and Meldrum, D. T. Antarctic airborne radio echo sounding, 1977–78. Polar Record, Vol. 19, No. 120, 1978, p. 267–73. [Describes objectives of programme and presents results of 141 hours’ flying time in January 1978.]

Engelhardt, H. Water in glaciers: observations and theory of the behaviour of water levels in boreholes. Zeitschrift für Gletscherkunde und Glazialgeologie, Bd. 14, Ht. 1, 1978. p. 35–60. [Interprets observations on Blue Glacier, Washington, U.S.A., in terms of theoretical concepts of water flow in glaciers.]

Escher-Vetter, H. Quantitative Erfassung der kurzwelligen Strahlungsbilanz eines Gletschers. Veröffentlichungen der Schweizerischen Meteorologischen Zentralanstalt, 40, 1978, p. 247–50. [Quantitative evaluation of short-wave radiation balance of glacier.]

Ferrigno, J. C., and Williams, R. S., jr. Satellite image atlas of glaciers. Glaciological Data. Report GD-3, 1978, P. 59–60. [Outlines progress with preparation of this atlas, which will appear as a U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper.]

Fireman, E. L., and others. Terrestrial ages of four Allan Hills meteorites: consequences for Antarctic ice, [by] E. L. Fireman, L. A. Rancitelli, T. Kirsten. Science, Vol. 203, No. 4379, 1979, p. 453–55. [Terrestrial age of meteorites suggests minimum age for Antarctic ice sheet.]

Fogarasi, S., and Mokievsky-Zubok, O. Principal components analysis on glacier-climatological data far Sentinel Glacier, British Columbia. Ottawa, Fisheries and Environment Canada. Inland Waters Directorate. Water Resources Branch, 1978. vii, 9 p. (Scientific Series No. 95.) [Describes first stage of multivariate analysis of glacier melt.]

Fowler, A. C., and Larson, D. A. On the flow of polythermal glaciers. 1. Model and preliminary analysis. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Ser. A, Vol. 363, No. 1713, 1978, p. 217–42. [Development of continuum model for glacier that is partially cold and partially temperate, and study of structure and stability of solutions for a particular very simple iimiting situation.]

Gilmour, A. E. Ross Ice Shelf sea temperatures. Science, Vol. 203, No. 4379, 1979, p. 438–39. [Presents two temperature profiles and discusses implications.]

Grunert, J., and others. Rezente Vergletscherungsspuren in zentraliranischen Hochgebirgen, [von] J. Grunert, H.-G. Carls, und C. Preu. Eiszeitalter und Gegenwart, Bd. 28, 1978, p. 148–66. [Describes present-day glaciers and firn patches of central Iran.]

Gudmandsen, P. Application of space techniques in solid earth physics. (In Gudmandsen, P. E., and others, [ed.]. Konferencen om anvendelse af rumteknik inden for navigation, geodœsi, oceanografi, og den faste jords fysik… . København, 27. September 1978. [Edited by] P. E. Gudmandsen, E. Kejlsø, og C. C. Tscherning. [København], Danske National-komité for den Internationale Union for Geodæsi og Geofysik, [^c1978], p. 84–94.) [Discusses use of satellites for study of ice dynamics with reference to the Greenland ice sheet.]

Jacobs, S. S., and others. Circulation and melting beneath the Ross Ice Shelf, [by] S. S. Jacobs, A. L. Gordon, J. L. Ardai, Jr. Science, Vol. 203, No. 4379, 1979, P.439–43. [Thermohaline observations show vertical stratification, active horizontal circulation, and net melting at ice shelf base. Near-freezing ice-shelf water produced flows northward into Ross Sea, warmer sea-water moving southward beneath ice shelf from central warm core.]

Jacobs, S. S., and others. Effect of glacial ice melting on the Antarctic surface water, [by] S. S. Jacobs, A. L. Gordon, A. F. Amos. Nature, Vol. 277, No. 5696, 1979, P. 469–71. [Melting of ice from under-surface of ice shelves and icebergs has significant effect on chemistry and biology of water.]

Khodakov, V. G. Vodno-ledovvy balans rayonov sovremennogo i drevnego oledeneniya SSSR [Water and ice balance of the areas of present and ancient glaciation of the U.S.S.R.]. Rezul’taty Issledovaniy po Mezhdunarod-nym Geofizicheskim Proyektam, [unnumbered series], 1978, 194 p. [English summary, p. 178–80.]

Korotkevich, Ye. S., and others. Skvoznoye bureniye shel’fovogo lednika v rayone stantsii Novolazarevskaya [Drilling through the ice shelf near Novolazarevskaya Station]. [By] Ye. S. Korotkevich, L. M. Savatyugin, V. A. Morev. Informatsionnyy Byulleten’ Sovetskoy Antarkticheskoy Ekspeditsii, No. 98, 1978, p. 49–52. [Two bore holes in 1975 depth 374 and 357 m, and one in 1976, depth 447 m.]

Kozlovskiy, A, M. Nekotoryye osobennosti obrazovaniya i formirovaniya mnogoletnogo pripaya u poberezh’ya Antarktidy [Some peculiarities of the formation of long-standing fast ice near the coast of Antarctica]. Informatsionnyy Byulleten’ Sovetskoy Antarkticheskoy Ekspeditsii, No. 98, 1978, p. 35–42. [Studies along coast from Lazarev Station to Leningradskaya.]

Kudryashov, B. B., and others. Otbor prob dlya mikrobiologicheskikh issledovaniy glubokikh gorizontov lednik-ovoy tolshchi na stantsii Vostok [Selection of samples for microbiological studies of deep horizons of ice thickness at Vostok Station]. [By] B. B. Kudryashov, S. S. Abyzov, N. Ye. Bobin. Informatsionnyy Byulleten’ Sovetskoy Antarkticheskoy Ekspeditsii, No. 98, 1978, p. 58–62.

Lawson, D. E., and Kulla, J. B. An oxygen isotope investigation of the origin of the basal zone of the Matanuska Glacier, Alaska. Journal of Geology, Vol. 86, No. 6, 1978, p. 673–85. [Ice in basal zone at terminus originates in accumulation area. Surface-derived melt water freezes to sole of glacier. Entrainment of debris occurs by subglacial freezing.]

Levanon, N., and Bentley, C. R. Ice elevation map of Queen Maud Land, Antarctica, from balloon altimetry. Nature, Vol. 278, No. 5707, 1979, p. 842–44. [Presents preliminary results from analysing 18 balloon traverses. Method appears valid. Better delineation of drainage systems of region obtained than hitherto.]

Lliboutry, L. A. Glissement d’un glacier sur un plan parsemé d’obstacles hémisphériques. Annales de Géophysique, Tom. 34, No. 2, 1978, p. 147–62. [Theory of glacier sliding.]

Michel, R. L., and others. Tritium and carbon-14 distributions in seawater from under the Ross Ice Shelf Project ice hole, [by] R. L. Michel, T. W. Linick, P. M. Williams. Science, Vol. 203, No. 4379, 1979, p. 445–46. [Tritium results show waters below ice have exchanged with Ross Sea water since advent of nuclear testing; C¹⁴ results show watèrs in upper layer exchange in time periods of less than six years.]

Nazintsev, Yu. L. Solevoy i fazovyy sostav pripaynogo l’da v protsesse yego rosta razrusheniya [Salt and phase composition of fast ice during its growth and destruction]. Informatsionnyy Byulleten’ Sovetskoy Antarkticheskoy Ekspeditsii, No. 98, 1978, p. 43–48. [Near Molodezhnaya Station.]

Olesen, O. B. Glaciological investigations in Johan Dahl Land, south Greenland, as a basis for hydroelectric power planning. Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse. Rapport Nr. 90, 1978, p. 84–86. [Describes briefly setting up of reference points for ablation and accumulation measurements and determination of rate of movement of Nordbogletscher (branch of Eqalorutsit kangigdlît sermiat).]

Partl, R. Power from glaciers: the hydropower potential of Greenland’s glacial waters. Energy, Vol. 3, No. 5, 1978, p. 543–73. [Originally published under same title as report RR-77-20 by the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria, in 1977.]

Rist, S. Jöklabreytingar 1964/65–1973/74. ( 10 ár), 1974/1975–1975/76 (2 ár) og 1976/77. Jökull, Ár 27, 1977 [pub. 1978], p. 88–93. [Glacier variations in Iceland. English abstract, p. 91.]

Ruddiman, W. F., and McIntyre, A. Warmth of the subpolar North Atlantic Ocean during northern hemisphere ice-sheet growth. Science, Vol. 204, No. 4389, 1979, p. 173–75. [Suggests that juxtaposition at latitudes 50 to 60° N. of “interglacial” ocean alongside “glacial” land mass is optimal for delivering moisture to growing ice sheets.]

SteinthÓrsson, S. Tephra layers in a drill core from the Vatnajökull ice cap. Jökull, Ár 27, 1977 [pub. 1978], p. 2–27. [Analysis of 415 m long ice core recovered in 1972. Contained 30 tephra layers which were used for dating.]

Sytinskiy, A. D., and others. Nekotoryye rezul’taty seysmicheskikh nablyudeniy za lednikovymi dinamicheskimi protsessami v Mirnom [Some results of seismic observations of ice dynamic processes at Mirny]. [By] A. D. Sytinskiy, B. A. Shel’pyakov, S. F. Oborina. Trudy Sovetskoy Antarkticheskoy Ekspeditsii, Tom 67, 1978, p. 93–96. [Results show dependence of seismic activity on time of year.]

Theakstone, W. H. The 1977 drainage of the Austre Okstindbreen ice-dammed lake, its cause and consequences.Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift, Bd. 32, Ht. 4, 1978, p. 159–71. [North Norway.]

Thomas, R. H., and others. Effect of climatic warming on the West Antarctic ice sheet, [by] R. H. Thomas, T. J. O. Sanderson, K. E. Rose. Nature, Vol. 277, No. 5695, 1979, p. 355–58. [Estimates how rapidly ice sheet collapse could occur due to melting of ice shelves, and which parts are most susceptible.]

Vivet, R., and Lliboutry, L. A. Vitesses et intensité du velâge au front du Kongsbre, vers le ier août 1963. Zeitschrift für Gletscherkunde und Glazialgeologie, Bd. 14, Ht. 1, 1978, p. 27–34. [Study of glacier calving carried out on Kongsbreen, Spitsbergen, in July and August 1963.]

Weidick, A., and Olesen, O. B. Hydrologiske bassiner i Vestgrønland. [København], Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse, 1978. 160 p. [Presents estimates of potential water volumes from precipitation, ablation of local glaciers, and ablation and calving of ice sheet in 870 basins in west Greenland. English abstract, p. 9–11.]

Wiberg, C., and McKee, A. Boston Glacier Research Natural Area. Supplement no. 6. Washington, D.C., U.S. Govt. Printing Office, 1978. 14 p. [Supplement to J. F. Franklin, F. C. Hall, C. T. Dyrness, and C. Maser, “Federal Natural Research Areas in Oregon and Washington''. Washington, D.C., U.S. Govt. Printing Office, 1972. Describes glacier in North Cascade Range, Washington, and associated cirque basin.]

Williams, R. T., and Robinson, E. S. Ocean tide and waves beneath the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica. Science, Vol. 203, No. 4379, 1979, p. 443–45. [Tidal measurements made using ice shelf as floating platform for gravimeters.]

Icebergs. Sea, River, and Lake Ice

Adams, W. P., and Lasenby, D. C. The role of ice and snow in lake heat budgets. Limnology and Oceanography, Vol. 23, No. 5, 1978, p. 1025–28. [Presents methods of calculating precisely latent heat terms for snow and ice in winter energy budget of lakes.]

Allan, A. J., and others. The mechanical properties of ice; large scale field tests, by A. [J.] Allan, J. Pallister, and D. Hill. A.P.O.A. Review (Arctic Petroleum Operators’ Association, Calgary, Alberta), Vol. 2, No. 1, 1979, p. 5–7. [Describes “nutcracker” tests of sea-ice strength.]

Appel’, I. L. Model’ vetrovogo dreyfa redkikh i razrezhennykh l’dov [Wind-drift model of very open and open pack ice]. Problemy Arktiki i Antarktiki, Vyp. 53, 1978, p. 6–11. [Mathematical analysis.]

Barrett, S. A., and Stringer, W. J. Growth mechanisms of “Katie’s floeberg”. Arctic and Alpine Research, Vol. 10, No. 4, 1978, p. 775–83. [Suggests this grounded ice feature in the Chukchi Sea grows by means of large wedges of ice forming against upstream edge.]

Bogorodskiy, V. V., and Gusev, A. V., ed. Fizicheskiye kharakteristiki geofizicheskikh ob”yektov v polyarnykh rayonakh [Physical characteristics of geophysical objectives in polar regions]. Trudy Arkticheskogo i Antarkti- cheskogo Nauchno-lssledovatel’skogo Instituta, Tom 359, 1978, 140 p. [Mainly, but not entirely, sea ice. Contents include: G. P. Khoklov, “Fiziko-khimicheskiye kharakteristiki verkhnikh sloyev l’da razlichnogo vozrasta v rayone SP-22 [Physico-chemical characteristics of the upper layers of ice of different ages in the SP-22 region]’’, p. 4–12; V. V. Bogorodskiy and G. P. Khokhlov, “Svyaz’ elektricheskikh parametrov verkhnikh sloyev arkticheskogo dreyfuyushchego l’da v mikrovolnovom diapazone s temperaturoy i solenost’yu [The connection between electrical parameters of the upper layers of Arctic pack ice in the microwave range and temperature and salinity]”, p. 13–19; V. V. Bogorodskiy and G. P. Khokhlov, “O tonkoy elektricheskoy strukture verkhnikh sloyev dreyfuyushchego l’da [On the fine electrical structure of the upper layers of pack ice]”, p. 20–26; V. V. Bogorodskiy and G. P. Khokhlov, “Osnovnyye osobennosti vertikal’noy elektricheskoy struktury verkhnikh sloyev arkticheskogo dreyfuyushchego l’da v SVCh diapazone [The main features of the vertical electrical structure of the upper layers of Arctic pack ice in the UHF range]”, p. 27–35; G. P. Khokhlov, “Issledovaniye elektricheskikh svoystv paka na dline volny 3 cm v Grenlandskom more [Research of electrical properties at 3 cm wavelength of pack ice in the Greenland Sea]”, p. 36–40; V. P. Tripol’nikov, “Vliyaniye zhidkoy fazy v morskikh l’dakh na toki smeshcheniya i provodimosti v oblasti 1–100 MGts [The influence of the liquid phase in sea ice on displacement currents and conductivity in regions of 1–100 MHz]”, p. 41–44; V. V. Bogorodskiy and V. P. Tripol’nikov, “Bokovyye i normal’nyye volny pri impul’snom elektromagnitnom zondirovanii morskogo l’da [Lateral and normal waves in connection with impulsive electromagnetic sounding of sea ice]”, p. 45–47; B. A. Fedorov, “Ob izmerenii sredney skorosti vertikal’nogo rasprostraneniya impul’snykh radiosignalov v lednikakh Severnoy Zemli [On measurement of average speed of vertical distribution of impulse radio signals in glaciers of Severnaya Zemlya]”, p. 48–55; V. I. Boyarskiy and B. A. Fedorov, “Nekotoryye osobennosti ostrazhennykh radiolokatsionnykh signalov pri zondirovanii lednikov Severnoy Zemli [Some features of reflected radio signals in connection with sounding of glaciers of Severnaya Zemlya]”, p. 56–60; V. V. Bogorodskiy and G. P. Trepov, “Eksperimental’noye issledovaniye rasprostraneniya voln pri impul’snom radiozondirovanii sloistykh sred s ispol’zovaniyem bol’shogo, po sravneniyu s tolshchinoy sloya, raznosa izluchayushchego i priyemnogo punktov [Experimental study of wave distribution during impulse radar sounding of layered media using a transmitter-receiver separation which is large in comparison with the layer thickness]”, p. 61–68; V. V. Bogorodskiy and M. A. Kropotkin, “Issledovaniye opticheskikh svoystv snega s pomoshch’yu lazerov [Laser research on the optical properties of snow]”, p. 69–74; V. A. Chebotareva, “Metodicheskiye i polunaturnyye issledovaniya gidrofizicheskikh kharakteristik na Ladozhskom ozere [Continuous and semi-natural research on hydrophysical characteristics in Ladozhskoye Ozero]”, p. 75–80; B. Ya. Gaytskhoki and A. G. Ivashnev, “Prostranstvennoye telo yarkosti pod tonkim presnovodnym l’dom [Spatial body of luminance under thin fresh-water ice]”, p. 96–98; B. Ya. Gaytskhoki, A. I. Grigor’yev, and V. D. Grishchenko, “Nekotoryye rezul’taty izmereniy luchistoy energii podo l’dom u kromki dreyfuyushchego ‘ostrova’ [Some results of measuring the radiant energy under the ice edge of a floating ‘island’]”, p. 99–103; Yu. A. Nikolayenko, A. A. Ostroukhov, and G. Ye. Smirnov, “Opredeleniye elementov dreyfa l’da otnositel’no akusticheskogo otvetchika s ispol’zovaniyem fazovogo pelengatora [Distribution of ice drift elements with regard to an acoustic transponder using a phasic direction finder]”, p. 104–09; V. P. Gavrilo, A. V. Gusev, Yu. K. Zaretskiy, and A. M. Fish, “Akusticheskaya emissiya kak pokazatel’ protsessa deformirovaniya i razrusheniya l’da [Acoustic emission as an indicator of the process of deformation and destruction of ice]”, p. 118–26; V. V. Bogorodskiy and A. I. Paramonov, “IK metod otsenki vliyaniya oblachnosti na poverkhnostnuyu temperaturu morskogo l’da [An infra-red method for estimating the effect of cloud cover on the surface temperature of sea ice]”, p. 127–33; A. V. Bogorodskiy and I. K. Popov, “Instrumental’nyye issledovaniya podvodnykh chastey aysbergov Yuzhnogo okeana [Instrumental studies of under-water portions of icebergs in the Southern Ocean]”, p. 134–38.]

Buckley, J. R., and others. Upwelling: oceanic structure at the edge of the Arctic ice pack in winter, [by] J. R. Buckley, T. Gammelsrød, J. A. Johannessen, O. M. Johannessen, L. P. Røed. Science, Vol. 203, No. 4376, 1979, p. 165–67. [Observations north of Spitsbergen indicate existence of region of wind-driven upwelling along ice-pack edge.]

Dawe, B. R., and others. Landsat for the study of icebergs in the Baffin Bay-Labrador Sea area, [by] B. [R.] Dawe, K. A. Gustajtis, E. Wedler, R. D. Worsfold. C-CORE Publication (Memorial University of Newfoundland. Centre for Cold Ocean Resources Engineering) 78-10, 1978, [21] p. [Detection and identification of icebergs. Preprint for fifth Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing, Victoria, B.C., 28–31 August 1978.]

Gray, L., and others. Scatterometer results from shorefast and floating sea ice, [by] L. Gray, J. Cihlar, S. [K.] Parashar, R. [D.] Worsfold. Proceedings of the eleventh International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment … 1977…. Ann Arbor, Center for Remote Sensing Information and Analysis, Environmental Research Institute of Michigan, Vol. 1, [1977], p. 645–57. [Aircraft-mounted system used over east coast of Canada. Winter and spring measurements made at 13.3 GHz of shore-fast ice with varying degrees of snow cover and surface roughness, and several varieties of sea ice with different thicknesses.]

Greene, G. D., and others. An exploratory study of the behaviour of crude oil spills under ice, [by] G. D. Greene, P. J. Leinonen, D. Mackay. Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, Vol. 55, No. 6, 1977, p. 696–700. [Describes experimental spill of 0.38 m³ of warm crude oil under ice cover of fresh-water pond with underwater viewing port.]

Hopper, H. R., and others. Churchill River diversion, Burntwood River waterway: studies to evaluate winter regime, [by] H. R. Hopper and C. P. S. Simonsen and W. J. S. Poulier. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, Vol. 5, No. 4, 1978, p. 586–94. [Discusses formation of ice during winter and effect on flow.]

Kelly, P. M. Forecasting the Arctic sea ice on time scales of a few months to many years. Climate Monitor (University of East Anglia. Climatic Research Unit), Vol. 7, No. 3, 1978, p. 95–99. [Describes current research into this project.]

Kloyeva, N. V. Proniknoveniye solncehnoy radiatsii v snezhno-ledyanoy pokrov v nizov’yakh i ust’yakh arkticheskikh rek [Solar radiation penetration in snow and ice sheets in the lower reaches and mouths of Arctic rivers]. Problemy Arktiki i Antarktiki, Vyp. 53, 1978, p. 66–70.

Kovacs, A., and Morey, R. M. Radar anisotropy of sea ice due to preferred azimuthal orientation of the horizontal c axes of ice crystals. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 83, No. C12, 1978, p. 6037–46. [Presents results of impulse radar, ice crystal c axis, and sub-ice current measurements made on fast ice near Narwhal Island, Alaska.]

Lehmuskoski, P., and MÄkinen, J. Gravity measurements on the ice of the Bothnian Bay. Geophysica, Vol. 15, No. 1, 1978, p. 101–23, [Discusses influence of noise from ice movements.]

Maslovskiy, M. I. Raschet velichiny peremeshcheniya kromki l’dov v antarkticheskikh polyn’yakh [Calculation of ice-edge movement in Antarctic polynyas]. Problemy Arktiki i Antarktiki, Vyp. 53, 1978, p. 18–20.

Mel’nikov, I. A, Kriobiologicheskiye nablyudeniya v Tsentral’nom Arkticheskom basseyne (metod i nekotoryye rezul’taty issledovaniy) [Cryobiological observations in the central Arctic basin (methods and some results of the studies)]. Okeanologiya, Tom 19, Vyp. 1, 1979, p. 150–55. [Studies carried out May to October 1977. English summary, p. 155.]

Miller, J. M., and Osterkamp, T. E. The use of Landsat data to minimize flooding risks caused by ice jams in Alaskan rivers. Proceedings of the twelfth International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment … 1978.… Ann Arbor, Center for Remote Sensing information and Analysis, Environmental Research Institute of Michigan, Vol. 3, [1978], p. 2255–66. [Describes use of satellite data to predict locations of river channels below ice in order to dust with sand, causing earlier and longer melting period with less flooding.]

Milne, A. R. Oil, ice and climate change. Edited by R. J. Childerhose. Sidney, B.C., Dept. of Fisheries and Oceans. Institute of Ocean Sciences, Patricia Bay. Beaufort Sea Project, [1978]. 103 p. (The Beaufort Sea and the search for oil.) [Mainly concerned with effects of massive oil blow-out on sea ice and, consequently, climate.]

Parashar, S. K., and others. Four channel synthetic aperture radar imagery results of freshwater ice and sea ice in Lake Melville, [by] S. K. Parashar, C. Roche, and R. D. Worsfold. C-CORE Publication (Memorial University of Newfoundland. Centre for Cold Ocean Resources Engineering) 78-11, 1978, [21] p. [Lake opens into Labrador Sea. Preprint for seventh Annual Remote Sensing of Earth Resources Conference, Tullahoma, Tennessee, 27–28 March 1978.]

Parkinson, C. L., and Washington, W. M. A large-scale numerical model of sea ice. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 84, No. CI, 1979, p. 311–37. [Describes model which is capable of coupling with atmospheric and oceanic models of comparable resolution and which simulates yearly cycle of ice in northern and southern hemispheres.]

PyÖkÄri, M. Jään aiheuttama rantakivien kulkeutuminen talvella 1975/76 Airiston alueela [Transportation of shore stones by ice in the Airisto area in winter 1975–76]. Turun γliopiston Maatieteen Laitoksen Julkaisuja (Turku), No. 84, 1978, 18 p. [South-west Finland. Movement of marked stones followed in autumn and spring. Ice caused movement in 70% of stones.]

Robe, R. Q., and Ellis, T. S. Tagging Arctic icebergs. Arctic Bulletin, Vol. 2, No. 14, 1978, p. 329–33. [Discusses current research in identifying individual icebergs.]

Ross, S. L., and others. Oil spill countermeasures, by S. L. Ross, W. J. Logan, W. Rowland, Edited by A. R. Milne, Sidney, B.C., Dept. of Fisheries and the Environment. Institute of Ocean Sciences, Patricia Bay. Beaufort Sea Project, [^c1978]. 67 p. (The Beaufort Sea and the search for oil.) [Concerned with effect of oil blow-out or spill in Arctic waters, interaction with sea ice, and how oil may be contained and cleaned up at sea and on beaches.]

[Sea ice: deformation.] The measurement of subsurface strain on Roche O-43 artificially thickened sea ice drilling platform. C-CORE Publication (Memorial University of Newfoundland. Centre for Cold Ocean Resources Engineering) 78-16, 1978, v, [51] p. (Contract Report.) [Data obtained from 150 days of operation of two wire strainmeters located within and 0.75 m below surface of ice platform in Canadian Arctic waters.]

Shushlebin, A. I. Volnovyye protsessy i napryazheniya ledyanogo pokrova [Wave processes and ice cover stress]. Problemy Arktiki i Antarktiki, Vyp. 53, 1978, p. 50–54. [Study in Gulf of Finland.]

Strong, D. C., and others. Preliminary SAR data analysis, Hopedale, Labrador, February–March 1977, [by] D. G. Strong, S. K. Parashar, R. D. Worsfold. C-CORE Publication (Memorial University of Newfoundland. Centre for Cold Ocean Resources Engineering) 79-2, 1979, vi, 66 p. (Field Data Report No. 12.) [Imagery collected from synthetic aperture radar over fast and pack ice off-shore of Labrador compared with ground observations.]

StrÜbing, K. Trift eines bemerkenswerten Eisbergs in den Südatlantik. Wetterlotse, Jahrg. 30, Nr. 383–84, 1978, p. 180–92. [Describes drift of large marked tabular iceberg (Trolltunga) in South Atlantic Ocean, 1967 to September 1978.]

Tabata, T. Surface radar observation of sea ice. Proceedings of the twelfth International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment …1978…. Ann Arbor, Center for Remote Sensing Information and Analysis, Environmental Research Institute of Michigan, Vol. 1, [1978], p. 619–20. [Describes land-based radar network on Hokkaido, Japan, for observing sea ice on Sea of Okhotsk.]

Tsurikov, V. L., and Vedernikov, V. I. Fotosintez vodorosley v ledovykh usloviyakh [Photosynthesis of algae in ice conditions]. Biologiya Morya, 1978, No. 3, p. 3–10. [Conditions in different layers of sea ice and water under ice. English abstract, p. 3.]

Yeskin, L. I. Dinamika l’dov Ballenskogo ledovogo massiva [Ice dynamics of the Balleny ice massif]. Trudy Sovetskoy Antarkticheskoy Ekspeditsii, Tom 67, 1978, p. 35–40. [Describes studies at Leningradskaya, Antarctica, into movement of floating ice.]

Yeskin, L. I. Ledovyye usloviya v rayone stantsii Leningradskoy [Ice conditions in the region of Leningradskaya Station]. Trudy Sovetskoy Antarkticheskoy Ekspeditsii, Tom 67, 1978, p. 41–49. [Distribution and movement of floating ice.]

Zakharov, V. F., and Strokina, L. A. Sovremennyye izmeneniya ledyanogo pokrova Severnogo Ledovitogo okeana [Recent changes in ice extent of the Arctic Ocean]. Meteorologiya i Gidrologiya, 1978, No. 7, p. 35–43. [Presents data on ice distribution over the past 40 years. English summary, p. 43.]

Glacial Geology

Anderson, L. W. Cirque glacier erosion rates and characteristics of neoglacial tills, Pangnirtung Fiord area, Baffin Island, N.W.T., Canada. Arctic and Alpine Research, Vol. 10, No. 4, 1978, p. 749–60. [Ten cirque glaciers studied to determine origin of glacial debris and erosion rates.]

Andreyeva, S. M. Zyryanskoye oledeneniye na severe Sredney Sibiri [The Zyran glaciation in the north of middle Siberia]. Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR. Seriya Geograficheskaya, 1978, No. 5, p. 72–79. [Late Pleistocene glaciation of the Siberian platform.]

Aneblom, T., and Persson, G. Studies of the water content in the unsaturated zone of an esker. Nordic Hydrology, Vol. 10, No. 1, 1979, p. 1–6. [Esker at Tärnsjö, near Uppsala, Sweden, studied from August 1976 to May 1977.]

Bardin, V. I. O probleme paleoglyatsiologii Antarktidy [On the problem of Antarctic palaeoglaciology]. Antarktika. Doklady Komissii, Vyp. 17, 1978, p. 125–31.

Benoist, J.-P., and Lliboutry, L. A. Fonction d’éclaircment d’un profil aléatoire gaussien. Annales de Géophysique, Tom. 34, No. 2, 1978, p. 163–75. [Mathematical analysis of microrelief of glacier beds.]

Birkeland, P. W. Soil development as an indication of relative age of Quaternary deposits, Baffin Island, N.W.T., Canada. Arctic and Alpine Research, Vol. 10, No. 4, 1978, p. 733–47.

Boulton, G. S. Glacial history of the Spitsbergen archipelago and the problem of a Barents Shelf ice sheet. Boreas, Vol. 8, No. 1, 1979, p. 31–57. [Presents and reviews data on stratigraphy and shoreline displacement and suggests that much of these is incompatible with concept of late Weichselian Barents Shelf ice sheet covering Spitsbergen.]

Brady, H., and Martin, H. Ross Sea region in the middle Miocene: a glimpse into the past. Science, Vol. 203, No. 4379, 1979,P. 437–38. [Fossil diatoms and pollen from sea-floor sediments beneath ice shelf indicate that permanent ice cover was not present at this period.]

Burashnikova, T. A., and others. Ob”yem arkticheskogo lednikovogo pokrova v epokhu poslednego oledeneniya Zemli [Volume of the Arctic ice sheet in the last glacial epoch of the Earth]. [By] T. A. Burashnikova, M. G. Grosval’d, I. A. Suyetova. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, Tom 238, No. 5, 1978, p. 1169–72.

Chebotareva, N. S. Struktura i dinamika poslednego lednikovogo pokrova γevropy [The structure and dynamics of the last ice sheet in Europe]. Moscow, “Nauka”, 1977. 144 p. [Collection of articles. English summary, p. 123–30.]

Clebnik, S. M., and Mulholland, J. W. Regional stagnation of ice in northeastern Connecticut: an alternative model of deglaciation for part of New England: discussion. Geological Society of America. Bulletin, Pt. 1, Vol. 90, No. 1, 1979, p. 117–18. [Comments on article by R. F. Black, ibid., Vol. 88, No. 9, 1977, p. 1331–36. Reply by Black, p. 118–20.]

Davies, G. L. H., and others. Ireland, [by] G. L. H. Davies and N. Stephens with contributions on the Pleistocene history from F. M. Synge. [London], Methuen and Co. Ltd., [^c1978]. xii, 250 p. (The Geomorphology of the British Isles.) [Includes section on events in Pleistocene.]

Derbyshire, E., and Peterson, J. A. A photo-geomorphic map of the Mt Menzies nunatak, Prince Charles Mountains, Australian Antarctic Territory. Zeitschrift für Gletscherkunde und Glazialgeologie, Bd. 14, Ht. 1, 1978, p. 17–26. [Presents detailed map prepared from stereoscopic colour photographs.]

Fairbridge, R. W. lce age Earth. [3.] Ice-covered wasteland that became America. Geographical Magazine, Vol. 51, No. 4, 1979, p. 294–300. [Account of ice ages of North and South America, as evidenced by glacial geology.]

Gerasimov, I. P. Anthropogene and its major problem. Boreas, Vol. 8, No. 1, 1979, p. 23–30. [Discusses term “anthropogene” as substitute for “Quaternary”.]

Goebel, J. E. Glacial drift characteristics of Minnesota as revealed on Landsat imagery. Dissertation Abstracts International, B, Vol. 39, No. 5, 1978, p. 2186-B. [Discusses selected imagery for cloud-free coverage in winter, spring, and summer. Abstract of Ph.D. thesis, Texas Technical University, 1978. University Microfilms order no. 78-19890.]

Goudie, A. Ice age Earth. [5.] Chill winds over India. Geographical Magazine, Vol. 51, No. 6, 1979, p. 411–16.[Discusses far-reaching effects of Quaternary glaciation of the Himalaya.]

GranÖ, O. The effect of the sea on the eskers of an emerging coast in southern Finland. Baltica, Vol. 6, 1977, p. 11–15.

Grimmel, E., and Schipull, K. Über Talrichtungen in der nordöstlichen Lüneburger Heide. Eiszeitalter und Gegenwart, Bd. 28, 1978, p. 45–50. [Suggests that valleys in this part of west Germany are genetically connected with systems of crevasses of down-melting ice sheet.]

Gripp, K. Die Entstehung von Geröll-Osern (Esker). Eiszeitalter und Gegenwart, Bd. 28, 1978, p. 92–108. [Theory of esker formation.]

Gwyn, Q. H. J., and Cowan, W. R. The origin of the Oak Ridges and Orangeville moraines of southern Ontario. Canadian Geographer, Vol. 22, No. 4, 1978, p. 345–52. [Suggests that these moraines were deposited rather later than the initial phase of deglaciation.]

Haldorsen, S. Glacial comminution of mineral grains. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift, Vol. 58, No. 3, 1978, p. 241–43. [Discusses factors affecting comminution of separate mineral grains during glacial transport and applicability of term “terminal grade”.]

Heine, K. Neue Beobachtungen zur Chronostratigraphie der mittelwisconsinzeitlichen Vergletscherungen und Böden mexikanischer Vulkane. Eiszeitalter und Gegenwart, Bd. 28, 1978, p. 139–47. [Examines chronological significance of stratigraphy of mid-Wisconsin moraine and soils of volcano in Mexico.]

Henry, R., and Rudolph, N. Genetisch-chronologische Studien im nördlichen Bereich des Inn-Chiemseegletschers. Eiszeitalter und Gegenwart, Bd. 28, 1978, p. 83–91. [Discusses recession of the Würm ice sheet in south Germany.]

Hurd, D. C. The effect of glacial weathering on the silica budget of Antarctic waters. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 41, No. 9, 1977, p. 1213–22. [Amount of glacially derived dissolved silica is insignificant.]

Kaizuka, S., and Ota, Y. [Ice age Earth. 4.] Land in torment. Geographical Magazine, Vol. 51, No. 5, 1979, P. 345–52. [Although glaciers expanded in mountains during Quaternary in Japan, effect of growing ice sheets in Eurasia was indirect, related to climate and changing sea-level.]

Kerschner, H. Untersuchungen zum Daun- und Egesenstadium in Nordtirol und Graubünden (methodische Überlegungen). Geographischer Jahresbericht aus Österreich, Bd. 36, 1975-76 [pub. 1978], p. 26–49. [Discusses stages of Quaternary in Austria, reconstructing glacial activity and ancient snow-lines.]

Kerschner, H. Zur Rekonstruktion eines spätglazialen Gletscherstandes mit Hilfe eines rechnerisch ermittelten Zungenlängsprofiles, Zeitschrift für Gletscherkunde und Glazialgeologie, Bd. 14, Ht. 1, 1978. p. 119-23. [Describes reconstruction of late-glacial glacier tongue, referring to Kaunertalgletscher, Austria.]

KÖgler, F.-C., and Larsen, B. The west Bornholm basin in the Baltic Sea: geological structure and Quaternary sediments. Boreas, Vol. 8, No. 1, 1979, p. 1–22. [Results of acoustic profiling and sampling of sea floor. Development of Quaternary morphology described and formations defined.]

Kotlyakov, V. M., and others. Novyy vzglyad na sovremennoye i drevneye oledeneniye Pamira i Gissaro-Alaya [A new concept of the present and ancient glaciation of the Pamir and Gissarskiy and Alayskiy Khrebet]. [By] V. M. Kotlyakov, A. N. Krenke, M. G. Grosval’d. Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR. Seriya Geograficheskaya, 1978, No. 5, p. 5–22.

Kvasov, D. D., and Blazhchishin, A. I. The key to sources of the Pliocene and Pleistocene glaciation is at the bottom of the Barents Sea. Nature, Vol. 273, No. 5658, 1978, p. 138–40. [Evidence obtained from bottom sediments.]

Lucas, J. R., and Taranik, J. V. Late Wisconsinan deglaciation of the northern midwest interpreted from a springtime Landsat color mosaic. Proceedings of the eleventh International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment … 1977…. Ann Arbor, Center for Remote Sensing Information and Analysis, Environmental Research Institute of Michigan, Vol. 2, [1977], p. 991–92. [Late April and early May landscape cover conditions best display patterns related to continental glaciation in mid-western United States owing to different soil moistures in different glacial materials.]

Maksimov, Ye. V. Dinamika lednikov i vertikal’nyye dvizheniya zapadnoy chasti khr. Kokshaaltau v golotsene [Glacier dynamics and vertical movements of the western part of Khrebet Kokshaaltau in the Holocene]. Vestnik Leningradskogo Universiteta, 1978, No. 18, [Seriya] Geologiya i Geografiya, Vyp. 3, p. 95–107. [Compares modern and ancient glaciations in Kirgizskaya S.S.R. by study of moraines. English summary, p. 107.]

Österholm, H. The movement of the Weichselian ice sheet over northern Nordaustlandet, Svalbard. Geografiska Annaler, Vol. 60A, Nos. 3–4, 1978, p. 189–208. [Evidence from field observations.]

Petersen, K. S. Anwendung glaziotektonischer Untersuchungen bei der geologischen Kartierung in Dänemark. Eiszeitalter und Gegenwart, Bd. 28, 1978, p. 126–32. [Includes discussion of Weichselian ice advances in light of recent glacio-tectonic studies.]

Rieck, R. L., and others. Differentiation of surficial glacial drift in southeastern Michigan from 7-Å/10-Å X-ray diffraction ratios of clays, [by] R. L. Rieck, H. A. Winters, D. L. Mokma, M. M. Mortland. Geological Society of America, Bulletin, Pt. 1, Vol. 90, No. 2, 1979, p. 216–20. [Differentiation of till deposited by glacial lobes during Wisconsinan glaciation.]

Roland N. W. Jungpaläozoische Glazialspuren auf dem Arabischen Schild. Eiszeitalter und Gegenwart, Bd. 28,1978, p. 133–38. [Erratic boulders with striations found in Yemen.]

Schwarzbach, M. Glazigene Sichelmarken als Klimazeugen. (Nach Beobachtungen in Finnland.) Eiszeitalter und Gegenwart, Bd. 28, 1978, p. 109–18. [Discusses and distinguishes between glacial friction cracks and sickles, with reference to field evidence from Finland.]

Shaw, J., and others. Proglacial lacustrine sedimentation during winter, [by] J. Shaw, R. Gilbert, and J. J. J. Archer. Arctic and Alpine Research, Vol. 10, No. 4, 1978, p. 689–99. [Discusses coarse-grained deposits found within winter component of varves, pointing out that misinterpretation of these as summer deposits leads to over-estimation of length of time required by particular glacio-lacustrine sequence.]

Shcherbakova, Ye. M. Dve tochki zreniya na formirovaniye rel’yefa pri drevnem oledenenii gor [Two views on the formation of relief during ancient mountain glaciation]. Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta. Seriya 5. Geografiya, 1978, No. 4, p. 73–78. [English summary, p. 78.]

SjÖrrtng, S. Glazialtektonik und Glazialstratigraphie, mit Beispielen aus Dänemark. Eiszeitalter und Gegenwart, Bd. 28, 1978, p. 119–25. [Discusses relationship between glacial disturbances and establishment of local glacial stratigraphy, with evidence from field work in Denmark.]

Thiede, J. A glacial Mediterranean. Nature, Vol. 276, No. 5689, 1978, p. 680–83. [Reconstructs Quaternary palaeo-oceanography.]

Thomas, R. H., and Bentley, C. R. A model for Holocene retreat of the West Antarctic ice sheet. Quaternary Research, Vol. 10, No. 2, 1978, p. 150–70. [Discusses effect of isostasy and euslasy on stability of marine ice sheets and applies results to ice shelves around lesser Antarctica and the ice sheet itself.]

Ulfstedt, A.-C. Stora senglaciala skred i svenska fjällen? γmer, Årg. 99, 1979, p.96–106. [Suggests that new type of moraine found in north Vasterbötten, north Sweden, may be results of late-glacial landslides.]

Velichko, A. A. Ice age Earth. [6.] Soviet glaciers were late developers. Geographical Magazine, Vol. 51, No. 7,1979, p. 472–78. [Discusses extent of Quaternary glaciation in the U.S.S.R.]

Vincent, J.-S. Limits of ice advance, glacial lakes, and marine transgressions on Banks Island, District of Franklin : a preliminary interpretation. Project 740065. Canada. Geological Survey. Paper 78-1C, 1978, P. 53–62. [Discusses sequence of Quaternary events.]

Volkov, I. A., and others. O stoke prilednikovykh vod vo vremya poslednego oledeneniya Zapadnoy Sibiri [On run-off of glacial waters during the last glaciation of western Siberia]. [By] I. A. Volkov, M. G. Grosval’d, S. L. Troitskiy. Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR. Seriya Geograficheskaya, 1978, No. 4, p. 25–35. [Effect on river formation.]

Vucetich, C. G., andRobinson, P. H. Quaternary stratigraphy and glacial history of the lower Taylor Valley, Antarctica. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, Vol. 21, No. 4, 1978, p. 467–82. [Deduced from survey of glacial deposits.]

Webb, P. N., and others. Miocene glaciomarine sediments from beneath the southern Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica, [by] P. N. Webb, T. E. Ronan, Jr, J. H. Lipps, Ted E. DeLaca. Science, Vol. 203, No. 4379, 1979, p. 435–37. [Plio-Pleistocene sediments not present. Post-Miocene sediments may have been deposited but removed by ice-shelf grounding.]

Zamoruyev, V.V. Stadial’nyy kharakter otstupaniya lednikov i polozheniye snegovoy linii v khrebte Khamar- Daban vo vremya pozdnechetvertichnogo oledeneniya [Stadial character of glacial retreat and snow-line position in Khrebet Khamar-Daban in the late Quaternary glaciation]. Izvestiya Vsesoyuznogo Geograficheskogo obshchestva, Tom 110, Vyp. 6, 1978, p. 526–30. [Near southern shore of Ozero Baykal, Buryat-Mongol’skaya A.S.S.R.]

Frost Action on Rocks and Soil. Frozen Ground. Permafrost

Abbey, F. L., and others. Index models for predicting ground heat flux to permafrost during thawing conditions, [by] F. L. Abbey, D. M. Gray, D. H. Male, and D. E. L. Erickson. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost … 1978 … . Vol. 1… .1978, p. 3–9. [Presents two models, one based on use of cumulative net radiation and one on cumulative air temperature measurements.]

Aguirre-Pente, J. État actuel des recherches sur le gel des roches et des matériaux de construction. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost … 1978 … . Vol. 1…. 1978, p. 599–607. [Problems of construction in permafrost regions.]

Alekseyev, V. R. Naledi i nalednyye protsessy (voprosy klassifikatsii i terminologii) [Icings and icing processes (problems of classification and terminology)]. Novosibirsk, Izdatel’stvo “Nauka”, 1978. 188 p. [Includes dictionary of glaciological terms, p. 34–174.]

Anderslund, O. B., and Anderson, D. M., ed. Geotechnical engineering for cold regions. New York, etc., McGraw-Hill Book Co., [^c1978]. x, 566 p. [Includes the following articles: J. L. Burdick, E. F. Rice, and A. Phukan, “Cold regions: descriptive and geotechnical aspects”, p. 1–36; D. M. Anderson, R. Pusch, and E. Penner, “Physical and thermal properties of frozen ground”, p. 37–102; R. L. Harlan and J. F. Nixon, “Ground thermal regime”, p. 103–63; J. F. Nixon and B. Ladanyi, “Thaw consolidation”, p. 164–215; O. B. Anderslund, F. H. Sayles, Jr, and B. Ladanyi, “Mechanical properties of frozen ground”, p. 216–75; A. Phukan and O. B. Anderslund, “Foundations for cold regions”, p. 276–362; E. C. McRoberts, “Slope stability in cold regions”, p. 363–404; Ted S. Vinson, “Response of frozen ground to dynamic unloading”, p. 405–58; B. Ladanyi and G. H. Johnston, “Field investigations of frozen ground”, p. 459–504; L. W. Gold, “Ice pressures arid bearing capacity”, p. 505–51.]

Anisimova, N. P. Gidrogeokhimicheskiye issledovaniya v merzlotovedenii [Hydrogeochemical investigations in permafrost studies]. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost… 1978 … . Vol., 1… ., 1978, p. 489–94. [Discusses principles of such investigations, English abstract, p. 489.]

Annan, A. P., and Davis, J. L. High frequency electrical methods for the detection of freeze-thaw interfaces. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost … 1978 … . Vol. 1… ., 1978, p. 495–500. [Shows that dielectric constant may be used to indicate whether pore water is frozen or not.]

Arcone, S. A., and others, Shallow electromagnetic geophysical investigations of permafrost, [by] S. A. Arcone, P. V. Sellmann, and A. J. Delaney. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost … 1978 … .Vol. 1… ., 1978, p. 501–07. [Several techniques evaluated for investigation of permafrost properties.]

Are, F. E. Subakval’naya kriolitozona aziatskoy Arktiki [Off-shore permafrost in the Asian Arctic]. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost … 1978 … . Vol. 1… ., 1978, p. 335–40. [Describes extent and thickness of permafrost in Asian Arctic and Arctic basin. English abstract, p. 335.]

Auld, R. G., and others. Pad foundation design and performance of surface facilities in the Mackenzie Delta, [by] R. G. Auld, R. J. Robbins, L. W. Rosenegger, and R. H. B. Sangster. Proceedings of the International Conference on Permafrost … 1978… . Vol. 1… ., 1978, p. 765–71. [Discusses predicted and observed thermal performances of foundations for fuel and product storage tanks and a heated structure on permafrost.]

Avetikyan, Yu. A. K voprosy ob ispol’zovanii elektrorazvedki peremennym tokom dlya izucheniya tolshch mnogoletnemerzlykh porod [Use of AC current surveys in permafrost studies]. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost … 1978 …, Vol. 1… ., 1978, p. 508–13. [English abstract, p. 508.]

Baker, T. H. W. Effect of end conditions on the uniaxial compressive strength of frozen sand. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost … 1978 … . Vol. 1…, 1978, p. 608–14. [Describes laboratory tests, using four platen configurations.]

Balobayev, V. T. Rekonstruktsiya paleoklimata po sovremennym geotermicheskim dannym [Reconstruction of palaeoclimate from present-day geothermal data]. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost … 1978 … . Vol. 1… ., 1978, p. 10–14. [Calculates that 20000 b.p. climate was colder by 10 to 13 deg, and thickness of permafrost reached 600 to 800 m. English abstract, p. 10.]

Baranov, I. Ya. Struktura severnoy okolopolyarnoy oblasti kriogennykh obrazovaniy [Structure of the northern circumpolar permafrost region]. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost … 1978 … . Vol. 1… ., 1978, p. 341–47. [Defines and discusses the cryosphere and its component parts. English abstract, p. 341.]

Barsch, D. Active rock glaciers as indicators for discontinuous Alpine permafrost. An example from the Swiss Alps. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost … 1978 …. Vol. 1. …, 1978, p. 348–53.

Baulin, V. V., and others. Merzlotnyye issledovaniya dlya stroitel’stva magistral’nykh truboprovodov [Permafrost investigations in pipe-line construction]. [By] V. V. Baulin, G. I. Dubikov, Yu. T. Uvarkin, L. S. Garagulya, V. V. Spiridonov. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost … 1978 … . Vol. 1 …, 1978, p. 772–78. [Suggests scheme of investigations, surveys, and how work should be organized. Discusses problems in forecasting changes in permafrost. English abstract, p. 772.]

Baulin, V. V., and others. Reliktovaya merzlaya tolsheha na severe Yevropeyskoy chasti SSSR [Relict frozen rock mass in the northern European part of the U.S.S.R.]. [By] V. V. Baulin [and 6 others]. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, Tom 241, No. 2, 1978, p. 430–33.

Baulin, V. V., and others. Rol’ tektoniki v formirovanii merzlykh tolshch nizmennykh ravnin [The role of tectonics in the formation of permafrost on low plains]. [By] V. V. Baulin, Ye. B. Belopukhova, N. S. Danilova, A. Ya. Stremyakov. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost… 1978 …. Vol. 1… ., 1978, p. 241–46. [Describes permafrost features. English abstract, p. 241.]

Benedict, J. B. Fossil ice-wedge polygons in the Colorado Front Range: origin and significance. Geological Society of America. Bulletin, Pt. 1, Vol. 90, No. 2, 1979, p. 173–80. [Polygons occur in terminal moraine of Pinedale age (15 to 10000 b.p.) at altitude of 3 390 m.]

Berg, R. L., and others. Thaw penetration and permafrost conditions associated with the Livengood to Prudhoe Bay road, Alaska, [by] R. L. Berg, J. Brown, and R. K. Haugen. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost … 1978 … . Vol. 1… ., 1978, p. 615–21. [Presents measurements of thaw penetration and related climatic studies for summer 1976.]

Biyanov, G. F., and Makarov, V. I. Osobennosti stroitel’stva merzlykh plotin v Zapadnoy Yakutii [Characteristics of construction of frozen dams in western Yakutiya]. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost … 1978 … . Vol. 1… ., 1978, p. 779–84. [English abstract, p. 779.]

Black, R. F. Fabrics of ice wedges in central Alaska. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost… 1978 … . Vol. 1… ., 1978, p. 247 -53. [Results of detailed examination of surface and buried wedges from Fairbanks area.]

Brown, R. J. E. Influence of climate and terrain on ground temperatures in the continuous permafrost zone of northern Manitoba and Keewatin District, Canada. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost … 1978 …. Vol. 1. …, 1978, p. 15–21. [Presents results of 1974-76 observations. Some correlations shown to exist.]

Buchko, N. A., and others. Sezonnodeystvuyushchiye okhlazhdayushchiye ustroystva i ikh ispol’zovaniye v severnom stroitel’stve [Seasonally operating cooling systems and their use in northern construction]. [By] N. A. Buchko, A. L. Kuznetsov, S. I. Gapeyev. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost … 1978 … . Vol. 1… ., 1978, p. 785–90. [Discusses systems used for cooling ground artificially in order to increase its bearing strength and prevent thawing during summer. English abstract, p. 785.]

Chamberlain, E. J., and Blouin, S. E. Densification by freezing and thawing of fine material dredged from waterways. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost … 1978 … . Vol. 1… ., 1978, p. 622–28. [Analyses feasibility of using natural freezing and thawing processes to decrease water content of materials dredged from Great Lakes.]

Chamberlain, E. J., and others. Engineering properties of subsea permafrost in the Prudhoe Bay region of the Beaufort Sea, [by] E. J. Chamberlain, P. V. Sellmann, S. E. Blouin, D. M. Hopkins, and R. I. Lewellen. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost… 1978 …. Vol. 1… ., 1978, p. 629–35. [Presents results of laboratory tests on core samples and field tests of penetration resistance and temperature.]

Chizhov, A. B. O roli vysokomineralizovannykh podzemnykh vod v glubokom ohklazhdenii litosfery [The role of highly mineralized groundwater in the cooling of the lithosphere at depth]. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost … 1978 … . Vol. 1… ., 1978, p. 165–67. [Deals with cooling of Earth’s crust at depth in regions of low-temperature permafrost. English abstract, p. 165.]

Christensen, L. Waterstress conditions in cereals used in recognizing fossil ice-wedge polygonal patterns in Denmark and northern Germany. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost… 1978 … .Vol. 1… ., 1978, p. 254–61. [Difference in available water content of wedge-fill materials and materials of adjoining soil gives different conditions of growth and plant development during dry (May and June) periods. Useful in air surveys.]

Corte, A. E. Rock glaciers as permafrost bodies with a debris cover as an active layer. A hydrological approach. Andes of Mendoza, Argentina. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost… 1978 … . Vol. 1.…, 1978, p. 262–69. [Compares run-off measurements from glaciers and rock glaciers.]

Cowell, D. W., and others. Preservation of seasonal frost in peatlands, Kinoje Lakes, southern Hudson Bay lowland, [by] D. W. Cowell, J. K. Jeglum, and J. C. Merriman. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost … 1978 … . Vol. 1. …, 1978, p. 453–59. [Sites at southern margin of discontinuous permafrost studied in August.]

Crampton, C. B. A note on the depth of icy permafrost in peat plateaus, south of Fort Simpson, N.W.T. Musk-Ox, No. 22, 1978, p. 80–81. [Depth increased with altitude according to aspect of slope, and with latitude.]

Davidson, D. W., and others. Natural gas hydrates in northern Canada, [by] D. W. Davidson, M. K. El-Defrawy, and M. O. Fuglem, A. S. Judge. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost … 1978 … . Vol. 1…, 1978, p. 937–43. [Discusses aspects of hydrates (clathrate ices) formed by natural gas in permafrost regions, particularly Mackenzie Delta area.]

Derjaguin [i.e. Deryagin], B. V., and Churaev [i.e. Churayev], N. V. The theory of frost heaving. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, Vol. 67, No. 3, 1978, p. 391–96. [Shows that disjoining pressure contributes to rate of thickening of ice interlayers, but that maximum pressure which can be set up owing to crystallization of ice is determined only by crystallization heat and supercooling degree, and does not depend on disjoining pressure.]

Dokuchayev, V. V., and others. Sil’nol’distyye grunty kak osnovaniya sooruzheniy [Ice-rich soils as bases for structures]. [By] V. V. Dokuchayev, Z. P. Artemov, D. R. Sheynkman. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost … 1978 … . Vol. 1.…, 1978, p. 636–41. [Discusses principles of construction of foundations. English abstract, p. 636.]

Dyke, Larry. Bedrock heave in the central Canadian Arctic. Project 770036. Canada. Geological Survey. Paper 79–1 A, 1979, p. 241–46. [Discusses cause of rock heave in permafrost environment of central District of Keewatin, N.W.T. (Boothia Peninsula, Somerset, Bathurst, and Melville Islands).]

Ersoy, T., and Togrol, E. Temperature and strain rate effects on the strength of compacted frozen silty-clay. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost… 1978… .Vol. 1… ., 1978, p. 642–47. [Describes laboratory investigation of effects of temperature and loading rate on shear strength of frozen soil.]

Everett, K. R., and others. A geoecological mapping scheme for Alaskan coastal tundra, [by] K. R. Everett, P. J. Webber, and D. A. Walker, R. J. Parkinson, J. Brown. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost … 1978 … . Vol. 1.…, 1978, p. 359–65. [Maps produced using scheme described provide inlegrated view of soils and vegetation with respect to landform units underlain by continuous permafrost.]

Fotiyev, S. M. Gidrogeotermicheskiye osobennosli kriogennoy oblasti SSSR [Hydrogeothermal features of cryogenic regions of the U.S.S.R.]. Moscow, Izdatel’stvo “Nauka”, 1978. 236p.

Fotiyev, S. M. Vliyaniye protsessa mnogoletnego kriometamorfizma gornykh porod na usloviya formirovaniya podzemnykh vod [Effect of long-term cryometamorphism of earth materials on the formation of groundwater]. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost… 1978 … . Vol. 1 … ., 1978, p. 181–87. [Suggests how this effect might be determined in the U.S.S.R. by regionalization scheme. English abstract, p. 181.]

Froehlich, W., and Slupik, J. Frost mounds as indicators of water transmission zones in the active layer of permafrost during the winter season (Khangay Mts, Mongolia). Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost … 1978 … . Vol. 1. …, 1978, p. 188–93. [Region of discontinuous permafrost.]

Frolov, A. D. Problemy i perspektivy izucheniya protsessov dinamicheskoy relaksatsii v kriogennykh porodakh [Problems and possibilities of studying the processes of dynamic relaxation in frozen earth materials]. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost… 1978… . Vol. 1. …, 1978, p. 648–54. [Evaluates use of relaxation spectroscopy for studying frozen ground. English abstract, p. 648.]

Fujii, Y., and Higuchi, K. Distribution of alpine permafrost in the northern hemisphere and its relation to air temperature. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost … 1978 … . Vol. 1… ., 1978, p. 366–71, [Estimated as 2.3% of land area and 11% of area of total permafrost zone in northern hemisphere.]

Gandahl, R. Some aspects on the design of roads with boards of plastic foam. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost… 1978 … . Vol. 1. …, 1978, p. 791–97. [Insulation of roads against frost action.]

Garagulya, L. S., and others. Teplovoye vzaimodeystviye magistral’nykh truboprovodov s gruntami [Thermal interaction of pipelines with the ground]. [By] L. S. Garagulya, S. Yu. Parmuzin, V. V. Spiridonov, A. S. Tsurikov. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost… 1978…. Vol. 1.…, 1978, p. 583–88. [Discusses general aspects of problem. English abstract, p. 583.]

Gasanov, Sh. Sh. Kriolitogenez kak samostoyatel’nyy gidrotermotip osadochnogo protsessa [Cryolithogenesis as an independent hydrothermal type of sedimentary process]. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost … 1978 … . Vol. 1.…, 1978, p. 270–76. [English abstract, p. 270.]

Gavrilova, M. K. Tipizatsiya svyazi klimat-vechnaya merzlota i merzlotno-klimalicheskiye oblasti [Classification of the relation between climate and permafrost and the permafrost-climatic regions]. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost … 1978 … . Vol. 1… ., 1978, p. 22–28. [Discusses relationship between climate and permafrost. English abstract, p. 22.]

Gell, W. A. Thermal contraction cracks in massive segregated ice, Tuktoyaktuk Peninsula, N.W.T., Canada. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost… 1978… . Vol. 1… ., 1978, p. 277–81. [Discusses petrologic aspects of mode of initial fracture, infill of fractures, and relationship of succeeding fractures to earlier ones.]

Goldstein, M. E., and Reid, R. L. Effect of fluid flow on freezing and thawing of saturated porous media. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Ser. A, Vol. 364, No. 1716, 1978, p. 45–73. [Obtains analytical solution describing effect by using techniques from complex variable theory. Discusses application to specific permafrost cases.]

Goodrich, L. E. Some results of a numerical study of ground thermal regimes. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost … 1978 … . Vol. 1 … , 1978, p. 29–34. [Discusses insulating effect of snow cover on mean annual ground temperature.]

Gorbunov, A. P. Mnogoletnemerzlyye tolshchi gor sredney Azii [Permafrost in the mountains of Central Asia]. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost … 1978 … . Vol. 1.…, 1978, p. 372–77. [Survey of extent and types. English abstract, p. 372.]

Grave, N. A., and Sukhodrovskiy, V. L. Rel’yefoobrazuyushchiye protsessy oblasti vechnoy merzloty i printsipy ikh preduprezhdeniya i ogranicheniya na osvaivayemykh territoriyakh [Terrain-forming processes in the permafrost region and the principles of their prevention and limitation in territories under development]. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost … 1978 … .Vol. 1… ., 1978, p. 467–72. [Soli-fluction, thermal erosion, heaving, and thermokarst formation. English abstract, p. 467.]

Gravis, G. F. Tsiklichnost’ termokarsta na primorskoy nizmennosti v verkhnem pleystotsene i golotsene [Cyclic nature of thermokarst on the maritime plain in the Upper Pleistocene and Holocene]. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost … 1978 … . Vol. 1.…, 1978, p. 282–87. [Developed mainly during glacial epochs. English abstract, p. 282.]

Grechishchev, S. Ye. Nekotoryye voprosy mekhaniki kriogennogo rastreskivaniya gruntov kriolitozony [Some aspects of the mechanics of frost fracturing of soils in the permafrost zone]. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost … , 1978 … . Vol. 1.… 1978, p. 288–94. [English abstract, p. 288.]

Haeberli, W. Special aspects of high mountain permafrost methodology and zonation in the Alps. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost … 1978 … . Vol. 1 … ., 1978, p. 378–84.

Hallet, B. Solute redistribution in freezing ground. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost… 1978 … . Vol. 1… ., 1978, P. 85–91. [Processes taking place during freezing.]

Harper, J. R., and others. Arctic beach processes and the thaw of ice-bonded sediments in the littoral zone, [by] J. R. Harper, E. H. Owens, and W. J. Wiseman, Jr. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost … 1978 … . Vol. 1.…, 1978, p. 194–99. [Discusses influence of sea-water on rates and depth of thaw.]

Harris, S. A. Ice caves and permafrost zones in southwest Alberta. Erdkunde, Bd. 33, Ht. 1, 1979, p. 61–70. [Examines distribution of ice caves (cave where rock temperature is partly or wholly below 0°C for more than one season) in this area, and their relationship to lower limits of continuous and discontinuous permafrost further north.]

Harris, S. A., and Brown, R. J. E. Plateau Mountain: a case study of alpine permafrost in the Canadian Rocky Mountains. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost … 1978 … . Vol. 1… ., 1978, p. 385–91. [Presents preliminary results of investigations begun in 1974, near Calgary, Alberta.]

Haugen, R. K., and Brown, J. Climatic and dendroclimatic indices in the discontinuous permafrost zone of the central Alaskan uplands. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost … 1978 … . Vol. 1.…, 1978, p. 392–98. [Studies based on continuous climatic observations initiated in 1970 at sites at 750−1150 m elevation. ]

Haynes, F. D. Strength and deformation of frozen silt. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost… 1978 … . Vol. 1.…, 1978, p. 655–61. [Presents results of laboratory investigation of effect of strain-rate and temperature on uniaxial compressive and tensile strength of frozen silt.]

Heginbottom, J. A., and others. Regional occurrence of permafrost, Mackenzie Valley, Canada, [by] J. A. Heginbottom, P. J. Kurfurst, and J. S. O. Lau. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost … 1978 … . Vol. 1. …, 1978, p. 399–405. [Presents results from extensive survey based on data from 11600 bore holes.]

Hollingshead, G. W., and others. Permafrost beneath channels in the Mackenzie Delta, N.W.T., Canada, [by] G. W. Hollingshead, L. Skjolingstad, and L. A. Rundquist. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost … 1978 … . Vol. 1. …, 1978, P. 406– 12. [Permafrost located beneath Shallow Bay and other channels. Conditions in which it persists or aggrades, and its impact on channel morphology are discussed.]

Horiguchi, K. Thermal expansion of a frozen bentonite−water system. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost … 1978 … . Vol. 1.…, 1978, p. 35–39. [Measures dimensional change of system as cooling takes place down to −110°C.]

Huculak, N. A., and others. Development of the Dempster Highway north of the Arctic Circle, [by] N. A. Huculak, J. W. Twach, R. S. Thomson, and R. D. Cook. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost… 1978 … . Vol. 1.…, 1978, p. 798–805. [Discusses problems of road construction on permafrost.]

Hunter, J. A., and others. Interpretation of sub-seabottom permafrost in the Beaufort Sea by seismic methods. Part 1. Seismic refraction methods, [by| J. A. Hunter, K. G. Neave, H. A. MacAulay, and G. D. Hunter. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost … 1978 … . Vol. 1. …, 1978, p. 514–20.

Hunter, J. A.,and others. Interpretation of sub-seabottom permafrost in the Beaufort Sea by seismic methods. Part 2. Estimating the thickness of the high-velocity layer, [by] J. A. Hunter, K. G. Neave, H. A. MacAulay, and G. D. Hobson. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost… 1978 … . Vol. 1.…, 1978, p. 521–26. [Compares three methods: reflection, attenuation, and reflection readings.]

Iskandar, I. K., and others. Chemistry of interstitial water from subsea permafrost, Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, [by] I. K. Iskandar, T. E. Osterkamp, and W. D. Harrison. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost … 1978 … . Vol. 1.…, 1978, p. 92–98. [Interstitial water from holes under sea-bed analysed for salinity with depth and for selected chemical parameters; results compared with those from holes drilled on beach and on land.]

Jahn, A. Mass wasting in permafrost and non-permafrost environments. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost … 1978 … . Vol. 1… ., 1978, p. 295–300.

Jame, Y.-W. Heat and mass transfer in freezing unsaturated soil. Dissertation Abstracts International, B, Vol. 39, No. 5, 1978, p. 2401-B. [Results of laboratory tests compared with numerical solutions. Abstract of Ph.D. thesis. University of Saskatchewan, 1978.]

Johnson, T. C., and others. Influence of freezing and thawing on the resilient properties of a silt soil beneath an asphalt pavement, [by] T. C. Johnson, D. M. Cole, and E. J. Chamberlain. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost… 1978… . Vol. 1.…, 1978, p. 662–68. [Stress-deformation data for silt sub-grade soil were obtained for use in mechanistic models for design of roads affected by frost action.]

Jumikis, A. R. Graphs for disturbance-temperature distribution in permafrost under heated rectangular structures. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost… 1978 … . Vol. 1. …, 1978, p. 589–96. [Presents computerized influence value graphs giving three-dimensional temperature disturbance distribution.]

Kane, D. L., and others. Snowmelt infiltration and movement in frozen soils, [by] D. L. Kane, J. D. Fox, R. D. Seifert, and G. S. Taylor. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost … 1978 … . Vol. 1…, 1978, p. 200–06. [Discusses importance of frozen soils in altering surface run-off and ground-water recharge.]

Kinosita [i.e. Kinoshita], S., and others. The comparison of frozen soil structure beneath a high center polygon, trough and center, at Barrow, Alaska, [by] S. Kinosita [i.e. Kinoshita], Y. Suzuki, K. Horiguchi, and M. Fukuda. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost … 1978 … . Vol. 1.…, 1978, p. 301–04. [Sections of core samples examined and compared.]

Kinosita [i.e. Kinoshita] , S., and others. Observations of frost heaving action in the experimental site, Tomakomai, Japan, [by] S. Kinosita [i.e. Kinoshita], Y. Suzuki, K. Horiguchi, and M. Fukuda. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost … 1978 … Vol. 1…, 1978, p. 675–78. [Reports measurements made of daily changes in frost-heaving force acting in a restrained area, soil pressures around the restrained area, and the freely heaving surface of frozen ground.]

Klassen, R. W. Thermokarst terrain near Whitehorse, Yukon Territory. Project 770031. Canada. Geological Survey. Paper 79-1A, 1979, p. 385–88.[Produced in permafrost region by local melting of ground ice and subsequent settling of ground.]

Konishchev, V. N. Ustoychivost’ mineralov v zone kriolitogeneza [Mineral stability in the zone of cryolitho-genesis]. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost… 1978 … . Vol. 1… ., 1978, p. 305–11. [Effect of frost weathering on mineral stability. English abstract, p. 305.]

Kostyayev, A. G. Ledyanyye gruntovyye zhily yuga vostochnoy Sibiri kak paleokriologicheskiye i paleo- geografkheskiye indikatory [Ice and ground veins of the south of eastern Siberia as palaeocryological and palaeogeographical indicators]. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, Tom 244, No. 4, 1979, P. 983–86.

Kowalkowski, A. The catena of permafrost soils in the Bayan-Nuurin-Khotnor basin of the Khangai mountains, Mongolia. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost … 1978 … . Vol. 1… ., 1978, p.413–18. [Investigates a series of active pingos of Holocene age in this region.]

Kudryavtsev, V. A., and Kondrat’yeva, K. A. O metodike geokriologicheskoy s”yemki [Geocryological survey methods]. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost … 1978 … . Vol. 1… ., 1978, p. 533–38. [Discusses principles of permafrost surveys. English abstract, p. 533.]

Kudryavtsev, V. A., and Maksimova, L. N. Prognoz izmeneniya geokriologicheskikh usloviy pri proizvodst-vennom osvoyenii oblasti mnogoletnemerzlykh porod [Forecast of changes in geocryological conditions during economic development of the permafrost region]. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost … 1978 … . Vol. 1.…,1978, p. 527–32. [English abstract, p. 527.]

Kudryavtsev, V. A., and Melamed, V. G. Geofizicheskiye voprosy razvitiya merzlykh tolshch [Geophysical aspects of development of permafrost]. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost … 1978 … . Vol. 1. …, 1978, p. 99– 105. [Heat- and mass-exchange in formation of permafrost. English abstract, P.99.]

Kudryavtsev, V. A., and others. Zonal’nyye i regional’nyye zakonomernosti formirovaniya kriolitozony SSSR [Zonal and regional patterns of the permafrost region in the U.S.S.R.]. [By] V. A. Kudryavtsev, K. A. Kondrat’yeva, N. N. Romanovskiy. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost … 1978 … .Vol. 1.…, 1978, p. 419–26. [Presents map showing permafrost regions of the U.S.S.R., scale 1 : 25 000 000. English abstract, p. 419.]

Kumai, M., and others. Antarctic soil studies using a scanning electron microscope, [by] M. Kumai, D. M. Anderson, and F. C. Ugolini. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost … 1978 … . Vol. 1…, 1978, p. 106–12. [Presents results of investigation of morainic soils from south Victoria Land, examining textures, weathering, and chemistry.]

Kvlividze, V. I., and others. Issledovaniye fazovogo perekhoda vody v model’nykh ob’’yektakh i merzlykh glinakh metodom YaMR [A NMR study of the phase transition of water in models and in frozen clays]. [By] V. I. Kvlividze, V. F. Kiselev, A. V. Krasnushkin, A. B. Kurzayev, L. A. Ushakova. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost …1978 …. Vol. 1.…, 1978, p. 113–18. [Ice fusion in frozen earth materials. English abstract, p. 113.]

Ladanyi, B., and Paquin, J. Creep behaviour of frozen sand under a deep circular load. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost… 1978 … .Vol. 1… ., 1978, p. 679–86. [Deals with load such as would be produced by loading pile base, with no effect of lateral shearing stresses.]

Larson, D. B. Explosive energy coupling in ice and frozen soils. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost … 1978 … . Vol. 1… ., 1978, p. 806–12. [Presents results from small-scale experiments on ice and frozen soils, and relates explosive energy coupling derived from these data to differences in materials properties.]

Leonchikov, V. M. Opredeleniye glubiny zaleganiya plotika v rayonakh mnogoletney merzloty metodom elektromagnitnykh zondirovaniy [Determination of the rock-floor depth in permafrost terrain by the electromagnetic sounding method]. Vestnik Leningradskogo Universiteta, 1978, No. 18, [Seriya] Geologiya i Geografiya, Vyp. 3, p.50–53. [English summary, p. 53.]

Linell, K. A., and Lobacz, E. F. Some experiences with tunnel entrances in permafrost. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost … 1978 … . Vol. 1… ., 1978, p. 813–19.[How to prevent entrance collapsing on thawing.]

Lunardini, V. J. Theory of n-factors and correlation of data. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost … 1978 … . Vol. 1… ., 1978, p. 40–46. [N-factor is ratio of surface to air freeze/thaw indexes and is important in aspects of construction.]

McGaw, R. W., and others. Thermal properties and regime of wet tundra soils at Barrow, Alaska, [by] R. W. McGaw, S. I. Outcalt, and E. Ng. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost … 1978 … . Vol. 1… ., 1978, p. 47– 53. [Thermal properties and soil temperatures measured to depth of 1 m. Using finite difference methods, apparent thermal diffusivity was computed.]

Mackay, J. R. An equilibrium model for hummocks (unsorted circles), Garry Island, Northwest Territories. Project 680047. Canada. Geological Survey. Paper 79-1 A, 1979, p. 165–67. [Suggests hummocks formed by differential heave and subsidence at top and bottom of active layer of permafrost.]

Mackay, J. R., and others. Frost heave at ground temperatures below 0°C, Inuvik, Northwest Territories. Project 680047, [by] J. R. Mackay, J. Ostrick, C. P. Lewis, and D. K. MacKay. Canada, Geological Survey. Paper 79-1A, 1979, p. 403–05. [Ground surface heave of 2 cm was measured in January-May period after entire active layer had frozen through to permafrost.]

McRoberts, E. C., and others. Creep test on undisturbed ice-rich silt, [by] E. C. McRoberts, T. C. Law, and T. Murray. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost … 1978 … . Vol. 1… ., 1978, P. 539–45 [Presents results of tests of up to 100 days’ duration at stresses from 70 to 300 kN/m² and temperatures from −1 to −3°C.]

McRoberts, E. C., and others. Thaw consolidation effects in degrading permafrost, [by] E. C. McRoberts, E. B. Fletcher, J. F. Nixon. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost … 1978 … . Vol. 1.…,1978, p. 693–99 [Examines consequences of long-term degradation of permafrost at two sites in the Mackenzie Valley, N.W.T., Canada.]

McRoberts, E. C., and others. Thaw settlement studies in the discontinuous permafrost zone, [by] E. C. McRoberts, T. C. Law, and E. Moniz. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost… 1978… .Vol. 1 …, 1978, p. 700–06. [Thaw settlement tests conducted on three sizes of samples of fine-grained permafrost soils gave identical results.]

Makarov, V. I., and others. Stroitel’stvo mnogoyetazhnykh zdaniy kholodnykh svayakh v r. Mirnom [Construction of multi-storey buildings on refrigerated piles in the city of Mirnyy]. [By] V. I. Makarov, A. A. Plotnikov, B. F. Chumayevskiy. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost … 1978 … .Vol. 1… ., 1978, p. 820–25. [Building construction in Yakutskaya S.S.R. on ground susceptible to freezing. English abstract, p. 820.]

Maksimov, V. M. Gidrodinamicheskaya i gidrokhimicheskaya otsenka vzryvov, primenyayemykh pri oprobavii nizkodebitnykh skvazhin v rayonakh mnogoletney merzloly [Hydrodynamic and hydrochemical assessment of explosions used in testing low-output wells in permafrost regions]. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost … 1978… . Vol. 1…, 1978,, p. 907–10. [English abstract, p.907.]

Maksimyak, R. V., and others. O roli sostavlyayushchikh merzlykh glinnstykh gruntov v formirovanii prochnosti pri razlichnykh temperaturakh [On the role of the components of frozen clay soils in the development of strength at different temperatures]. [By] R. V. Maksimyak, Ye. P. Shusherina, V. V. Rogov, M. I.Zabolotskaya. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost … 1978 … . Vol. 1.…, 1978, p. 687–92. [Temperatures down to −50°C. English abstract, p. 687.]

Mel’nikov, V. P., and Gennadinik, B. I. Elektricheskoye sostoyaniye geomerzlotnogo razreza [Electrical state of a permafrost cross-section]. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost …1978… .Vol. 1… 1978, p. 546–52. [English abstract, p. 546.]

Michel, F. A., and Fritz, P. Environmental isotopes in permafrost related waters along the Mackenzie Valley corridor. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost … 1978 … . Vol. 1… ., 1978, p. 207–11.[Possible to distinguish between active and inactive permafrost by means of O¹⁸ and tritium data.]

Miller, R. D. Frost heaving in non-colloidal soils. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost …1978 … . Vol. 1… ., 1978, p. 707–13. [Theoretical consideration.]

Moskalenko, N. G., and others. Vliyaniye osvoyeniya territorii na teplovoy balans i termovlazhnostnyy rezhim gruntov na severe Zapadnoy Sibiri [Effect of developing a territory on the heat balance and the thermal and moisture regime of the ground in the northern part of western Siberia]. [By] N. G. Moskalenko, V. B. Slavin-Borovskiy, Yu. L. Shur, Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost … 1978… . Vol. 1…, . 1978, p. 54–60. [Problems of development in permafrost regions. English abstract, p. 54.]

Myska, A. D., and How, G. T. S. Installation of pile foundations for a microwave tower system, Gillam-Churchill,Manitoba. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost… 1978 … . Vol. 1…, 1978, p. 826–32.[Several innovations in this design for construction on permafrost.]

Neave, K. G., and others. Offshore permafrost distribution in the Beaufort Sea as determined from temperature and seismic observations, [by] K. G. Neave, A. S. Judge, J. A. Hunter, and H. A. MacAulay. Canada. Geological Survey. Paper 78-1C, 1978, p. 13–18. [Extent of ice-bonded sediments reflects Pleistocene climatic conditions which resulted in growth of permafrost to depths of 600 m or more.]

Newbury, R. W., and others. Initial shoreline erosion in a permafrost affected reservoir, Southern Indian Lake, Canada, [by] R. W. Newbury, K. G. Beaty, and G. K. McCullough. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost … 1978 … . Vol. 1… ., 1978, p. 833–39. [Processes of erosion appear to be combination of mechanical and thermal phenomena.]

Nicholson, F. H. Permafrost distribution and characteristics near Schefferville, Quebec: recent studies. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost … 1978 … . Vol. 1.…, 1978, p. 427–33. [Presents results of recent (since 1973) studies in this area.]

Nicholson, F. H. Permafrost modification by changing the natural energy budget. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost … 1978 … . Vol. 1.…, 1978, p. 61–67. [Effect of removing vegetation and erecting snow fences studied over five-year period.]

Nixon, J. F. Geothermal aspects of ventilated pad design. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost … 1978 … . Vol. 1.…, 1978, p. 840–46. [Pads are placed between permafrost and heated buildings where heavy floor loads may be found. Their design must take account of summer and winter conditions.]

Nixon, J. F. Some aspects of road and airstrip pad design in permafrost areas. Canadian Geotechnical journal, Vol. 16, No. 1, 1979, p. 222–25. [Presents sample analytical and numerical thermal solutions for problems involving insulated pad designs on permafrost.]

O’Connor, M. J., and Mitchell, R. J. The energy surface: a new concept to describe the behaviour of frozen soils. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost … 1978 … . Vol. 1.…, 1978, p. 119–26. [Statistical evaluation of relationship between strength, strain-rate, and absorbed energy, using laboratory results of tests on frozen silt.]

Olhoeft, G. R. Electrical properties of permafrost. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost …1978 … . Vol. 1.…, 1978, p. 127–31.

Pandit, B. I., and King, M. S. Influence of pore fluid salinity on seismic and electrical properties of rocks at permafrost temperatures. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost … 1978… . Vol. 1.…, 1978, p. 553–59. [Presents results of investigation.]

Parameswaran, V. R. Creep of model piles in frozen soil. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 16, No. 1, 1979, p. 69–77. [Laboratory studies of behaviour of model piles of wood, concrete, and steel, with different surface finishes.]

Parameswaran, V. R. Laboratory studies of the adfreeze bond between small-scale model piles and frozen sand.Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost… 1978… . Vol. 1.…,1978, p. 714–20. [Adfreeze strength decreases with decreasing rate of loading. Natural and creosoted fir, coated steel, and concrete piles studied; maximum adfreeze strength with natural fir and minimum with creosoted.]

Pavlov, A. V. Teplofizika merzlotnykh landshaftov [Thermal physics of permafrost terrain]. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost… 1978… .Vol. 1.…, 1978, p. 68–74. [Presents results of long- term (1957-76) observations of thermophysical processes in system soil-surface cover-near-surface atmosphere layer in different conditions of permafrost and climate in various parts of the U.S.S.R. English abstract, p. 68.]

Penner, E., and Ueda, T. A soil frost-susceptibility test and a basis for interpreting heaving rates. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost… 1978 … . Vol. 1.…, 1978, p. 721–27. [Describes method and discusses interpretation of results.]

Peretrukhin, N. A. Voprosy obespecheniya prochnosti i ustoychivosti zheleznodorozhnogo zemlyanogo polotna v rayonakh vechnoy merzloty [Strength and stability of railway embankments in permafrost regions]. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost… 1978… . Vol. 1. …, 1978, p. 847–52. [Discusses principles of construction, English abstract, p. 847.]

PÉVÉ, T. L. Tyndall figures in ice crystals of ground-ice in permafrost near Fairbanks, Alaska. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost … 1978 … . Vol. 1.…, 1978, p. 312–17. [Points out value of studies on Tyndall figures in permafrost; observed in crystals of ground ice and in dear ice masses.]

Popov, A. I., and others. Kriolitologicheskaya karta SSSR (printsipy sostavleniya) [Cryolithological map of the U.S.S.R. (principles of compilation)]. [By] A. I. Popov, G. E. Rozenbaum, A. V. Vostokova. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost … 1978 … . Vol. 1.…, 1978, p. 434–37. [Describes new map of permafrost structure, scale 1 : 4 000 000. English abstract, p. 434.]

Popov, B. I., and others. Ustroystvo zemlyanogo polotna avtomobil’nykh dorog v usloviyakh Zapadnoy Sibiri [Construction of earth embankments for highways in western Siberia]. [By] B. I. Popov, N. F. Savko, N. M. Tupitsyn, Yu. K. Kleyer, A. S. Plotskiy. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost… 1978… . Vol. 1.…, 1978, p. 853–57. [Deals particularly with such problems as ice-rich foundation soils, slopes, and frost mounds. English abstract, p. 853.]

Porkhayev, G. V., and others. Stroitel’stvo po sposobu stabilizatsii vechnomerzlykh gruntov osnovaniya [Construction by the method of stabilising perennially frozen foundation soils]. [By] G. V. Porkhayev [and 6 others]. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost… 1978 … . Vol. 1… ., 1978, p. 858–63. [Describes new method, with example from construction of work camp. English abstract, p. 858.]

Priesnitz, K., and Shunke, E. An approach to the ecology of permafrost in central Iceland. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost… 1978 … . Vol. 1.…, 1978, p. 473–79. [Properties, distribution, formation, and decay studied 1970−76.]

Raymont, M. E. D. Foamed sulphur insulation for permafrost protection. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost… . 1978 … . Vol. 1.…, 1978, p. 864–69. [Describes use of foam, with example from Dempster Highway, N.W.T., Canada.]

Rennie, J. A., and others. Permafrost extent in the southern fringe of the discontinuous permafrost zone, Fort Simpson, N.W.T., [by] J. A. Rennie, D. E. Reid, and J. D. Henderson. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost… 1978 … . Vol. 1.…, 1978, p. 438–44. [Presents results of detailed investigation, including air-photo interpretation of terrain and vegetation, and electromagnetic resistivity surveys.]

Rogers, J. C., and Morack, J. L. Geophysical investigation of offshore permafrost, Prudhoe Bay, Alaska. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost … 1978 … . Vol. 1.…, 1978, p. 560–66. [Seismic investigations made in order to delineate upper surface of permafrost and to correlate results with information gained by drilling.]

Roggensack, W. D., and Morgenstern, N. R. Direct shear tests on natural fine-grained permafrost soils. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost… 1978… . Vol. 1… ., 1978, p. 728–35. [Investigations conducted on undisturbed soils.]

Romanovskiy, N. N. Printsipy sistematizatsii poligonal’no-zhil’nykh struktur [Principles of classification of polygonal-vein structures] . Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost … 1978 … . Vol. 1… . , 1978, p. 318–24. [Distinguishes between primary and secondary structures according to their mode of formation. English abstract, p. 318.]

Romanovskiy, N. N., and others. Mnogoletnyaya dinamika naledey podzemnykh vod [Long-term dynamics of ground-water icings]. [By] N. N. Romanovskiy, V. Ye. Afanasenko, M. M. Koreysha. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost … 1978 … . Vol. 1.…, 1978, p. 212–18. [Closely related to talik regime, and to thermal effect of ice comprising icings on underlying soil. English abstract, p. 212.]

Rossiter, J. R., and others. Electromagnetic sounding of permafrost, N.W.T., Canada, [by] J. R. Rossiter, D. W. Strangway, A. Koziar, J. Wong, and G. R. Olhoeft. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost … 1978 … . Vol. 1.…, 1978, p. 567−72. [Presents results of measurements made by two methods: audio-frequency magnetotellurics and radio-frequency interferometry; also presents data collected near 100 MHz using in-situ probe to measure dielectric properties of upper layers.]

RydÉn, B. E. Energy fluxes related to the yearly phase changes in tundra. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost… 1978 … . Vol. 1. …, 1978, p. 219–24.[Hydro- and thermodynamics of periodic freeze and thaw of tundra.]

Ryzhova, N. A. Rastiyel’nost’ nalednykh polyan Okhotskogo rayona Khabarovskogo kraya [Vegetation of the naled glades in the Okhotsk region of Khaborovskiy Kray]. Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta. Seriya 5. Geografiya, 1978, No. 5, p. 86–89. [Compares type of vegetation (trees, shrubs, bushes, mosses) growing on naleds with that of surrounding areas. English summary, p. 89.]

Savel’yev, B. A. Issledovaniye struktur i svoystv svyazannoy vody [Investigation of the structure and properties of bound water]. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost … 1978 … . Vol. 1.…, 1978, p. 132–36. [Nature of cohesive bonds in frozen soil. English abstract, p. 132.]

Seguin, M. K. Temperature-electrical resistivity relationship in continuous permafrost at Purtuniq, Ungava peninsula. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost… 1978… . Vol. 1.…, 1978, p. 137–44. [Investigations here are concerned with bedrock permafrost.]

Shah, V. K. Protection of permafrost and ice rich shores, N.W.T., Canada. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost … 1978 … . Vol. 1.…, 1978, p. 870–76. [Calculates mechanical and thermal erosion of shores and describes construction to protect them.]

Sheppard, M. I., and others. Development and testing of a computer model for heat and mass flow in freezing soils, by M. I. Sheppard, B. D. Kay, and J. P. G. Loch. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost… 1978 … . Vol. 1.…, 1978, p. 75–81. [Develops model for predicting heat and moisture flow in freezing soil and tests against field and laboratory data.]

Shvetsov, P. F. Osobennosti usloviy i geotermicheskiye sledstviya vodoobmena litosfery s atmosferoy v predelakh mnogoletney kriolitozony [Conditions and geothermal consequences of the moisture exchange between the lithosphere and the atmosphere in the permafrost region]. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost … 1978 … . Vol. 1… ., 1978, p. 145–48. [Exchange depends upon nature of soil and underlying rocks. English abstract, p. 145.]

Slusarchuk, W. A., and others. Field test results of a chilled pipeline buried in unfrozen ground, [by] W. A. Slusarchuk, J. I. Clark, and J. F. Nixon, N. R. Morgenstern, P. N. Gaskin. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost … 1978 … . Vol. 1.…, 1978, p. 877–83. [Study in order to assess effect of chilled large-diameter natural gas pipe-line buried in unfrozen frost-susceptible soil. Frost penetration, frost heave, and pore-water pressure monitored.]

Smith, M. W. Computer simulation of microclimatic and ground thermal regimes: test results and program description. Ottawa, Dept. of Indian Affairs and Northern Development, [^c1977]. v, 74 p. (Arctic Land Use Research Program, ALUR 1975−76-72.) [Finalizes work described in previous report by same author, Numerical simulation of microclimatic and active layer regimes in a high Arctic environment. Ottawa, Dept. of Indian Affairs and Northern Development, 1975. (ALUR 74–75-72.).]

Soulis, E. D., and Reid, D. E. Impact of interrupting subsurface flow in the northern boreal forest. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost … 1978 … . Vol. 1.…, 1978, p. 225–31. [To study effect of interrupting flow in active layer of permafrost, impermeable barrier was constructed across 12 m of slope near Chick Lake, N.W.T., Canada. Presents results of thermal, hydrologic, and vegetation changes from two summers’ observations.]

Takashi, T., and others. Effect of penetration rate of freezing and confining stress on the frost heave ratio of soil, [by] T. Takashi, H. Yamamoto, T. Ohrai, and M. Masuda. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost… 1978 … . Vol. 1.…, 1978, p. 736–42. [Freezing experiments performed for two soils under various stresses and penetration rates, using temperalure-controlling device which keeps one-dimensional penetration rate constant.]

Thorn, C. E. A preliminary assessment of the geomorphic role of pocket gophers in the alpine zone of the Colorado Front Range. Geografiska Annaler, Vol. 60a, Nos. 3–4, 1978, p. 181–87. [On slopes with both soil and winter snow cover, pocket gophers (Thomomys talpoides) may be dominant geomorphic agent. Soil disturbed by these burrowing mammals is then highly susceptible to frost heaving and other processes.]

Tice, A. R., and others. Determination of unfrozen water in frozen soil by fused nuclear magnetic resonance, [by] A. R. Tice, C. M, Burrous, D. M. Anderson. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost … 1978 … . Vol. 1.…, 1978, p. 149–55. [Technique offers non-destructive method for measurements in frozen soils from −0.2 to −25°C. Results show unfrozen water contents depend upon ice content (i.e. total water content).]

Tobiasson, W. Construction on permafrost at Longyearbyen Spitsbergen. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost… 1978… . Vol. 1.…, 1978, p. 884–90. [Describes construction of roads, runways, foundations, and utilities.]

Tobiasson, W., and Johnson, P. The details behind a typical Alaskan pile foundation. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost… 1978… . Vol. 1.…, 1978, p.891–97. [Foundations for warehouse.]

Tomirdiaro, S. V. Prirodnyye protsessy i osvoyeniye territoriy zony vechnoy merzloty [Natural processes and the development of permafrost zone areas]. Moscow, “Nedra”, 1978. 145 p.

Unterberger, R. R. Subsurface dips by radar probing of permafrost. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost… 1978 … . Vol. 1.…, 1978, p. 573–79. [Describes field experiments in Alaska to evaluate VHF electromagnetic radar system.]

Vinson, Ted S. Dynamic properties of frozen soils under simulated earthquake loading conditions. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost… 1978… . Vol. 1… ., 1978, p. 743–49. [Dynamic properties of several artificially frozen soil types and ice evaluated using cyclic triaxial test equipment.]

Vtyurin, B. I. Printsipy kriolitologicheskogo rayonirovaniya oblasti mnogoletnemerzlykh porod [Principles of cryolithological regionalization of the permafrost zone]. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost … 1978 … . Vol. 1.…, 1978, p.445–49. [Discusses similarities in pattern and types of perma frost in different territories of the U.S.S.R. English abstract, p. 445.]

Vyalov, S. S. Dlitel’nyye osadki fundamentov na vechnomerzlykh gruntakh [Long-term settlement of foundations of permafrost]. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost … 1978 … . Vol. 1.…, 1978, p. 898–903. [Results of penetration tests on permafrost continued for 20 years show that plastic frozen soils are capable of developing long-term creep settlement. English abstract, p. 898.]

Vyalov, S. S. Kineticheskaya teoriya deformirovaniya merzlykh gruntov [Kinetic theory of deformation of frozen soils]. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost … 1978 … . Vol. 1.…, 1978, p. 750–55. [English abstract, p. 750.]

Walker, H. J. Lake tapping in the Colville River delta, Alaska. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost … 1978 … . Vol. 1.…, 1978, p. 232–38. [Process affected by nature and composition of sediments in and around lake, presence or absence of permafrost and ice wedges, and river flow especially during break-up flooding.]

Washburn, A. L., and others. Soil deformation resulting from some laboratory freeze–thaw experiments, [by] A. L. Washburn, C. Burrous, and R. Rein, Jr. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost … 1978 … . Vol. 1.…, 1978, p, 756–62. [Describes experiments conducted on tilting slab, area 9 m², with soil of depth 1 m, with arrangement for introducing water and a refrigeration system.]

Yel’chaninov, Ye. A., and others. Ob ustoychivosti gornykh vyrabotok v mnogoletnemerzlykh porodakh [The stability of underground workings in permafrost]. [By] Ye. A. Yel’chaninov, A. I. Shor, M. A. Rozenbaum. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost… 1978 … . Vol. 1.…, 1978, p. 921–27. [English abstract, p. 921.]

Yemel’yanov, V. I., and Perl’shteyn, G. Z. Vodno-teplovaya podgotovka merzlykh porod severo-vostoka SSSR k otkrytoy i podzemnoy razrabotke [Water thawing of frozen ground for open pit and underground mining in the north-east of the U.S.S.R.]. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost.… 1978 … . Vol. 1… ., 1978, p. 928–33. [Discusses experimental, theoretical, and practical aspects of technique, English abstract, p. 928.]

Yershov, Ye. D., and others. Eksperimental’noye issledovaniye protsessov teplo- i vlagoperenosa pri sublimatsii-desublimatsii vlagi v dispersnykh porodakh [Experimental investigation of heat and moisture transfer during sublimation-desublimation of water in fine-grained soils]. [By] Ye. D. Yershov, V. V. Gurov, I. A. Komarov,E. Z. Kuchukov. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost … 1978 … . Vol. 1.…, 1978, p. 168–73. [English abstract, p. 168.]

Yershov, Ye. D., and others. Migratsiya, vlagi, strukturoobrazovaniye i shlirovoye l’dovydeleniye v promerzayush-chikh i ottaivayushchikh glinistykh gruntakh [Water migration, formation of texture, and ice segregation in freezing and thawing clay soils]. [By] Ye. D. Tershov, V. G. Cheverev, Yu. P. Lebedenko, L. V. Shevchenko. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost… 1978 … . Vol. 1.…, 1978, p. 174–80. [English abstract, p. 174.]

Younkin, W. E., and Hettinger, L. R. Assessment of the effects of snow road construction and use on vegetation, surface elevations, and active layers near Inuvik, N.W.T. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost… 1978 … . Vol. 1.…, 1978, p. 480–86. [In first year of use, 43% decrease in plant cover. No significant changes in surface elevation of road or active layer thickness.]

Zhestkova, T. N. Rezul’taty eksperimental’nykh issledovaniy protsessa promerzaniya tonkdispersnykh gruntov [Results of experimental studies of the freezing process in very fine-grained soils]. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost… 1978… . Vol. 1.…, 1978, p.156–62. [Laboratory study. English abstract, p. 156.]

Zoltai, S. C., and others. Age of cryoturbated organic materials in earth hummocks from the Canadian Arctic, [by] S. C. Zoltai, C. Tarnocai, W. W. Pettapiece. Proceedings of the third International Conference on Permafrost … 1978 … . Vol. 1… ., 1978, p. 325–31. [Found that most hummocks were formed between 4 500 and 2 500 years ago, although burial of surface material is continuing on a reduced scale at present.]

Meteorological and Climatological Glaciology

Ashworth, T., and Knight, C. A. Cylindrical accretions as simulations of hail growth: 1. Effects of rotation and of mixed clouds. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 35, No.10, 1978, p. 1987–96. [Wind-tunnel experiments.]

Baker, D. J., jr, ed. The polar sub-programme. Geneva, Secretariat of the World Meteorological Organization, 1978. xiii, 47 p. (GARP Publications Series, No. 19.) [One objective is to develop basis for understanding role of ice in climate dynamics through parameterization of sea-ice dynamics and related atmospheric and oceanic processes in climate models and establishment of information base for studies of role of sea ice and polar continental ice masses in climatic change.]

Beheng, K. D. Numerical simulation of graupel development. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 35, No. 4, 1978, p. 683–89.

Berner, W., and others. Past atmospheric composition and climate, gas parameters measured on ice cores, [by] W. Berner, B. Stauffer, H. Oeschger. Nature, Vol. 276, No. 5683, 1978, p. 53–55. [Measurements on Camp Century, Greenland, cores.]

Bradley, R. S., and England, J. Recent climatic fluctuations of the Canadian high Arctic and their significance for glaciology. Arctic and Alpine Research, Vol. 10, No. 4, 1978, p. 715–31. [Discussion based on analysis of climatic data for the last 30 years. Significant change occurred 1963–64.]

Butzer, K. W. Ice age Earth. [2.] Climate patterns in an un-glaciated continent. Geographical Magazine, Vol. 51, No. 3, 1978, p. 201–08. [During the Pleistocene in Africa, areas of glaciation were few, but climatic changes were dramatic with greatly increased precipitation.]

Colinvaux, P. The ice-age Amazon. Nature, Vol. 278, No. 5703, 1979, p. 399–400. [Reviews and discusses recent evidence on Quaternary climate in Amazon basin of South America.]

Crowell, J. C. Gondwanan glaciation cyclothems, continental positioning, and climate change. American Journal of Science, Vol. 278, No. 10, 1978, p. 1345–72. [Discusses major changes of climate and origin of ice ages.]

Gribbin, J., ed. Climatic change. Cambridge, etc., Cambridge University Press, [^c1978]. xi, 280 p. [Includes following articles: D. H. Tarling, “The geological-geophysical framework of ice ages”, p. 3–24; G. J. Kukla, “Recent changes in snow and ice”, p. 114–29; H. Flohn, “Background of a geophysical model of the initiation of the next glaciation”, p. 249–65. Last article first appeared in Quaternary Research, Vol. 4, No. 4, 1974. p.385–404.]

Hendy, C. H., and others. Dating of geochemical events in Lake Bonney, Antarctica, and their relation to glacial and climate changes, [by] C. H. Hendy, A. T. Wilson, K. B. Popplewell, and D. A. House. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, Vol. 20, No. 6, 1977, p. 1103–22. [Measurements of major ice concentrations and isotopes enable a reinterpretation to be made.]

Hobbs, P. V ., and others. Comments on “The practicability of dry ice for on-top seeding of convective clouds”, [by] P. V. Hobbs, L. F. Radke, and M. K. Politovich. Journal of Applied Meteorology, Vol. 17, No. 12, 1978, p. 1872–74. [Comments on paper by F. R. Holroyd III, A. B. Super, and B. A. Silverman, ibid., Vol. 17, No. 1, 1978, p. 49–63, with reply by authors, p. 1874–76.]

Inkston, D. R. A radar study of seeded Alberta hailstorms. Dissertation Abstracts International, B, Vol. 39, No. 4, 1978, p. 1820–B. [Radar observations of four seeded storms. Only one showed changes that might be attributable to seeding. Abstract of Ph.D. thesis, McGill University, 1978.]

Knight, C. A., and others. Cylindrical ice accretions as simulations of hail growth : II. The structure of fresh and annealed accretions, [by] C. A. Knight, T. Ashworth, and N. C. Knight. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 35, No. 10, 1978, p.1997–2009. [Results of study of air bubbles and crystal textures of simulated hail samples.]

Liou, Kuo-Nan, and others. Radiative properties of cirrus clouds in NOAA4 VTPR channels: some explorations of cloud scenes from satellites, by Kuo-Nan Liou, T. L. Stoffel, R. G. Feddes, and J. T. Bunting. Pure and Applied Geophysics, Vol. 116, No, 6, 1978, p. 1007–29. [Satellite data from the vertical temperature-profile radiometer interpreted to calculate cloud ice contents and cloud amount.]

McCormick, G. C., and others. The backscatter matrix of ice samples: its relation to the identification of hail by radar, [by] G. C. McCormick, L. E. Allen, and A. Hendry. Journal of Applied Meteorology, Vol. 18, No. 1, 1979, p. 77–84. [Measurements at 2.86 GHz.]

Mossop, S. C. Some factors governing ice particle multiplication in cumulus clouds. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 35, No. 10, 1978, p. 2033–37. [Field support for theory of multiplication proposed by Hallett and Mossop.]

Myagkov, S. M. Global’noye klimaticheskoye vliyaniye oledeneniya Antarktidy [Global climatic influence of the Antarctic ice cover]. Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta. Seriya 5. Geografiya, 1978, No. 4, p. 110–13. [Discusses past and present effects. English summary, p. 113.]

Paluch, I. R. Size sorting of hail in a three-dimensional updraft and implications for hail suppression. Journal of Applied Meteorology, Vol. 17, No. 6, 1978, p. 763–77. [Studies effect of seeding at low levels in cloud may suppress hail but if misjudged can produce more hail.]

Parungo, F. P., and Allee, P. A. Rocket effluent: its ice nucleation activity and related properties. Journal of Applied Meteorology, Vol. 17, No. 12, 1978, p. 1856–63. [Laboratory and field experiments indicate that rocket propellant exhaust can produce active ice nuclei.]

Radok, U. Climatic roles of ice: a contribution to the International Hydrological Programme (IHP). Hydrological Sciences Bulletin, Vol. 23, No. 3, 1978, p. 333–54. [Survey of relation between ice and climate and glaciological information on past climates.]

Rogers, J. C. Meteorological factors affecting interannual variability of summertime ice extent in the Beaufort Sea. Monthly Weather Review, Vol. 106, No. 6, 1978, p. 890–97. [Using data such as wind direction, air temperature, and cloud cover, relationship was investigated between these factors, measured at Barrow, Alaska, from 1953 to 1975, and ice conditions along shipping route between Point Barrow and Prudhoe Bay.]

Sax, R. I., and others. Ice evolution within seeded and nonseeded Florida cumuli, [by] R. I. Sax, Jack Thomas, and M. Bonebrake, J. Hallett. Journal of Applied Meteorology, Vol. 18, No. 2, 1979, p. 203–14. [Field evidence for more ice in clouds previously seeded with AgI.]

Sissons, J. B. Palaeoclimatic inferences from former glaciers in Scotland and the Lake District. Nature, Vol. 278, No. 5704, 1979, p. 518–21. [Discusses implications of study of firn line altitudes of Lock Lomond Advance glaciers (11 000–10 000 b.p.). Suggests that, during ice sheet growth, zone of maximum snow-fall moved southwards over British Isles.]

Thompson, L. G., and others. Climatic ice core records from the tropical Quelccaya ice cap, [by] L. G. Thompson, S.Hastenrath, B. Morales Arnao. Science, Vol. 203, No. 4386, 1979, p. 1240–43. [Climatic history of low-latitude ice cap reconstructed on basis of isotope and microparticle analysis of core from Peruvian Andes.]

Vardiman, L. The generation of secondary ice particles in clouds by crystal-crystal collision. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 35, No. 11, 1978, p. 2168–80. [Theory formulated to predict generation rates and experiments to give necessary in-put data.]

Waldvogel, A., and others. The kinetic energy of hailfalls. Part I: hailstone spectra, [by] A. Waldvogel, W. Schmid, and B. Federer. Journal of Applied Meteorology, Vol. 17, No. 4, 1978, p. 515–20. [Relationship between radar reflectivity and kinetic energy flux studied using analyses of hailstone size distributions.]

Waldvogel, A., and others. The kinetic energy of hailfalls. Part II: radar and hailpads, [by] A. Waldvogel, B. Federer, and W. Schmid, J. F. Mezeix. Journal of Applied Meteorology, Vol. 17, No. II, 1978, p. 1680–93. [Measurement using 10 cm radar and calibration using hailpad.]

Young, K. C. On the role of mixing in promoting competition between growing hailstones. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 35, No. 11, 1978, p. 2190–93. [Mixing is demonstrated to produce broader particle spectra than predicted on a deterministic model.]

Snow

Allan, R. J., and Jonasson, I. R. Alkaline snowfalls in Ottawa and Winnipeg, Canada. Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 12, No. 5, 1978, p. 1169–73. [Effect of cement plant operation in producing alkaline snow.]

Aulitzky, H. Lawinenkunde-Unterricht als Element der Lawinenvorbeugung. Für die Sicherheit im Bergland. Jahrbuch, 1978 [pub. 1979], p. 51–69. [Discusses importance of cautioning mountain users, as an element in preventing occurrence of avalanches. Discussion, p. 63–69.]

[Avalanches.] Interessantes Urteil wegen eines Lawinenunfalles in Frankreich gekürzte Übersetzung aus “Figaro”, 22.6.1978. Für die Sicherheit im Bergland. Jahrbuch, 1978, [pub. I979],p.165–66. [Reports on court action following avalanche accident in France. Leader of party held responsible.]

Barkov, N. I., and Lipenkov, V. Ya. Nakopleniye snega v rayone stantsii Vostok v 1970–1973 gg. [Snow accumulation in the region of Vostok Station in 1970–73]. Informatsionnyy Byulleten’ Sovetskoy Antarkticheskoy Ekspeditsii, No. 98, 1978, p. 63–68.

Boutron, C., and Lorius, C. Trace metals in Antarctic snows since 1914. Nature, Vol. 277, No. 5697, 1979, P. 551–54. [Variations deduced from an uncontaminated site in Dome C, East Antarctica.]

Chang, A. T. C. Estimation of snow temperature and mean crystal radius from remote multispectral passive microwave measurements. U.S. N[ational] A[eronautics and] S[pace] A[dministration] Technical Paper 1251, 1978, iii, 11 p. [Develops statistical analysis technique for estimating snow temperature and mean crystal radius of snow-fields over Greenland and Antarctica.]

ClÉment, R., and others. La neige et les avalanches de janvier 1978 dans les Alpes françaises , [par] R. Clément, E. Pahaut, et B. Haudecœur. La Météorologie (Boulogne), Sér. 6, No. 12, 1978, p. 99–109. [Analyses meteorological events leading to heavy falls of snow and subsequent severe avalanches in French Alps, January 1978.]

ClÉment, R., and others. La neige et les avalanches de janvier 1978 dans les Alpes françaises, [par] R. Clément, E. Pahaut, B. Haudecœur. Revue de Géographie Alpine, Tom. 67, Fasc. 1, 1979, p. 113–23. [Reports on meteorological conditions causing unusually heavy falls of snow in January 1978 over the French Alps, and subsequent avalanches.]

Colbeck, S. C. Sintering and compaction of snow containing liquid water. Philosophical Magazine, [Eighth Ser.,] A, Vol. 39, No. 1, 1979, p. 13–32. [Study of compressibility of wet snow and factors affecting process.]

Daoo, V. J., and Shirvaikar, V. V. Snow melt run off estimate from the Beas catchment in the Himalayas using energy balance techniques. Archiv für Meteorologie, Geophysik und Bioklimatologie, Ser. B, Vol. 26, Nos. 2−3, 1978. P. 183–92. [Estimate compared with observations.]

Denoth, A., and Schittelkopf, H. Mixing formulas for determining the free water content of wet snow from measurements of the dielectric constant. Zeitschrift für Gletscherkunde und Glazialgeologie, Bd. 14, Ht. 1, 1978 , p. 73–80.

Fitzharris, B. B. Can we predict seasonal snow cover runoff for electricity generation ? (In Symposium on meteorology and energy, 11−12 October 77. Wellington, Ministry of Transport. New Zealand Meteorological Service, 1978, p. 323–36.) [Discusses size of seasonal snow cover in New Zealand and examines ways in which it may be assessed on year-to-year basis.]

Flemming, G., and Winkler, F.-M. Zur Methodik und Genauigkeit der Schneeschmelzberechnung. Zeitschrift für Meteorologie, Bd. 28, Ht. 4, 1978, p. 215–20. [Discusses methods for calculating snow melt and their accuracy.]

FÖHN, P. M. B. Wahrscheinlichkeit und Ergiebigkeit von Grossschneefällen im Gebirge, insbesondere in der Region Davos. Veröffentlichungen der Schweizerischen Meteorologischen Zentralanstalt, 40, 1978, p. 288–92. [Analyses and forecasts duration and intensity of periods of snow-fall, referring to 41 years’ data from Weiss-fluhjoch and 77 years from Davos.]

Fraser, C. Avalanches and snow safety. London, John Murray, [^c1978]. xiii, 269 p. [Up-dated edition of The avalanche enigma. London, John Murray, 1966.]

Furakawa, Y., and Kobayashi, T. On the growth mechanism of polycrystalline snow crystals with a specific grain boundary. Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol. 45, No. 1, 1978, p. 57–65. [Natural snow crystals of the crossed-plate type often show each plate extending along a coincident-site lattice grain boundary. A mechanism to account for this is proposed.]

Galvin, P. J., and Cline, J. A. Measurement of anions in the snow cover of the Adirondack Mountains. Atmo-spheric Environment, Vol. 12, No. 5, 1978, p. 1163–67. [Ion chromatography used to analyse snow samples. Only nitrate and sulphate found in appreciable quantities.]

Gird, R. Snow extent measurements from geostationary satellites using an interactive computer system. (In Studies of soundings and imaging measurements. Final scientific report on NAS5-24136,1977. Madison, Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin Press for the Space Science and Engineering Center, 1978, p. 1–9.) [Evaluates extent of snow-fields in central Arizona.]

Hartline, B. E. Snow physics and avalanche prediction. Science, Vol. 203, No. 4378, 1979, p. 346–48. [Reviews world-wide research into avalanche prediction.]

Hoi, K. Lawinenunfall auf der nördlichen Malhalmspitze (3 373 Meter). Für die Sicherheit im Bergland. Jahrbuch, 1978 [pub. 1979], p.160–64. [Discusses incidence of avalanches on Malhalmspitze, Austria.]

Ishikawa, N. Studies of radiative cooling at land basins in snowy season. Contributions from the Institute of Low Temperature Science, Ser. A, No. 27, 1977, 46 p. [Observations made in Hokkaido, Japan.]

Jackson, M. C. The influence of snowmelt on flood flows in rivers. Journal of the Institution of Water Engineers and Scientists, Vol. 32, No. 6, 1978, p. 495–508. [Although snow melt is not normally included in calculation of design flood flows for rivers in Great Britain, it can be an important factor following winters of heavy snowfall or rainfall. Recommends snow melt rate of 42 mm/day should be added to rainfall profile for whole of design duration.]

Johnson, J. B. Stress waves in snow. Dissertation Abstracts International, B, Vol. 39, No. 6, 1978, p. 2715. [Presents and discusses model. Abstract of Ph.D. thesis, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 1978.]

Kauper, E. K. Ozone measurements over snow. Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 12, Nos. 6–7, 1978, p. 1287–88. [Tests during two seasons imply earlier reports of high ozone concentrations under clear sky conditions are probably inaccurate.]

Keinonen, J., and others. Lumen ja suksenpohjamuovien välisen kitkan mittauksia [Measurements of friction between snow and sliding materials of skis]. [By] J. Keinonen, E. Palosuo, P. Korhonen, H. Suominen. University of Helsinki. Report Series in Geophysics, No. 10, 1978, 28 leaves. [Study of coefficients of friction between snow and materials for skis used by Finnish ski industry. English abstract, 1. 2.]

Khalkechev, V. A. K raschetu ustoychivosti svezhevypavshego snega na sklone [On calculating the stability of freshly fallen snow on a slope]. Meteorologiya i Gidrologiya, 1979, No. 1, p. 92–96. [Connected with avalanche prediction. English summary, p. 96.]

Khalkechev, V. A. O roli nachal’nogo impul’sa v obrazovanii laviny iz svezhevypavshego snega [On the role of the initial impulse in formation of an avalanche of freshly-fallen snow]. Meteorologiya i Gidrologiya, 1977, No. 9, p. 62–66. [English summary, p. 66.]

Kobayashi, T. Assetsu kōdo no ondo oyobi mitsudo ni yoru henka [Temperature and density dependences on hardness of artificially compacted snow]. Kokuritsu Bōsai Kagaku Gijutsu Sentā Kenkyū Hōkoku: Report of the National Research Center for Diaster Prevention, No, 20, 1978, p. 267–92. [Temperature range tested was from −0.9 to −30°C; density range was 0.45 to 0.74 g/cm³. English abstract, p. 267.]

LaChapelle, E. R.,and others. Alternate methods of avalanche control. Finalreport. Research project γ-1637. Phase 4, by E. R. LaChapelle, and D. B. Bell, J. B. Johnson, R. W. Lindsay, E. M. Sackett, and P. L. Taylor. Olympia, Washington, Dept. of Transportation. Washington State Highway Commission, 1978. iii 1., 54 leaves. [Discusses methods of triggering avalanche release which are tree from problems of explosives and can be easily applied to avalanche paths typical of those smaller ones causing hazards on roads.]

Lauscher, F. Eine neue Analyse von Hidling Köhlers Messungen der Schneeverdunstung auf dem Haldde- Observatorium aus dem Winter 1920/1921. Archiv für Meteorologie, Geophysik und Bioklimatologie, Ser. B, Vol. 26, Nos. 2–3, 1978, p. 193–98. [Analyses and discusses measurements of snow evaporation made by H. Köhler in winter 1920–21 in north Norway and published later, “On evaporation from snow surfaces”, Arkiv für Geofysik, Bd. 1, Nr. 8, 1950, p. 159–85.]

Lauscher, F. Schnee in China. Wetter und Leben, Jahrg. 30, Ht. 3, 1978, p. 148–64. [Discusses incidence of snow throughout China, presenting tables showing amounts of snow-fall at various stations.]

LØberg, P. A. Snølaster på tak. Snølastmålinger i Trondheim. Norges Byggforskningsinstitutt. Arbeidsrapport 5, 1976, 17 p. [Calculations of safe snow loads on roofs, referring to Trondheim area, Norway.]

MCGinnis, D. F.,jr, and Schneider, S. R. Satellite detection of an extremely light snowfall in Arizona. Monthly Weather Review, Vol. 106, No. 9, 1978, p. 1380–83. [Points out importance of continuous surveillance of snow-pack for accurate prediction of run-off and flood potential, and discusses case of rapid melt of snow cover in Arizona.]

Melling, H., and List, R. Acoustic Doppler sounding of falling snow. Journal of Applied Meteorology, Vol. 17, No. 9, 1978, p. 1267–73. [Demonstrates sound is scattered from snow-flakes and can be detected at 180°. Further implications discussed.]

MILOSAVLJEVIĆ, K., and TodoroviĆ,, M. Verhaltnis der Tage mit Schneedecke zu den Tagen mit Schneefall in den Gebirgsgebieten Serbiens in Jugoslawien. Veröffentlichungen der Schweizerischen Meteorologischen Zentralanstalt, 40, 1978, p. 293–96. [Compares number of days with snow cover and number with snow-fall at stations of various altitudes over period of 25 years in Yugoslavia.]

Navarre, J. P., and ClÉment, R. Détermination statistique des precipitations sur les Alpes françaises. Veröffentlichungen der Schweizerischen Meteorologischen Zentralanstalt, 40, 1978, p.263–66. [Presents statistical model enabling quantitative distribution of snow-fall in French Alps to be assessed.]

Palagin, E. G. Raschet akkumulyatsii taloy vody pochvoy [Calculation of snow melt-water accumulation in soil]. Meteorologiya i Gidrologiya, 1979, No. 1, p. 97–104. [English summary, p. 104.]

Palosuo, E. Hiihtokauden ajoittumisesta Suomessa [The length of the skiing season in Finland]. University of Helsinki. Report Series in Geophysics, No. 11, 1978, 19 leaves. [Depends mainly upon snow depth. Uses data from 60 stations during period 1946–76. English abstract, 1. I.]

Pogrebnyak., Y. F., and others. Oreoly rasseyaniya zolota v snezhnom pokrove na poverkhnosti rudoproyableniya [Dispersion haloes of gold in the snow cover on the surface of an ore manifestation]. [By] Y. F. Pogrebnyak, E. M. Tat’yankina, V. V. Tolochko. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, Tom 245, No. 4, 1979, p. 953–55.

Pohl, A. Some interesting points about the June 12–13, 1976 snow storm in eastern Newfoundland. Downsview, Ontario, Fisheries and Environment Canada. Atmospheric Environment Service, 1977.I I up. (Technical Memoranda, TEC 857.)

Rott, H. Zur Schneekartierung in alpinen Einzugsgebieten aus Satellitenbildern. Zeitschrift für Gletscherkunde und Glazialgeologie, Bd. 14, Ht. 1, 1978, p. 81–93. [Landsat and NOAA satellite images used for mapping snow cover and snow-line altitude in Alpine watersheds.]

Salway, A. A. A seismic and pressure transducer system for monitoring velocities and impact pressures of snow avalanches. Arctic and Alpine Research, Vol. 10, No. 4, 1978, p. 769–74. [Seismic geophones and seismic signal threshold detection triggers used in conjunction.]

SatŌ, T., and Hannuki, T. Shabondama ni yoru nagare no kashika to Shōwakichi-shuhen no yuki no fukidamari [Flow-visualizalion by means of soap bubbles on snow-drift around the huts at Syowa Station]. Nankyoku Shiryō: Antarctic Record, [No.] 62, 1978, p. 1–22. [Wind tunnel tests. English abstract, p. 1.]

Schanda, E., and Hofer, R. Microwave multispectral investigations of snow. Proceedings of the eleventh International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment …1977… . Ann Arbor, Center for Remote Sensing Information and Analysis, Environmental Research Institute of Michigan, Vol. 1, [1977], p. 601–07. [Preliminary results of first month of investigation into all stages in development of snow cover, using radiometers at 4.9, 10.5, 21, and 36 GHz mounted in 16 m tower at altitude 2 550 m.]

Schanda, E., and others. Soil moisture determination and snow classification with microwave radiometry, [by] E. Schanda [and 6 others]. Proceedings of the twelfth International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment… 1978… . Ann Arbor, Center for Remote Sensing Information and Analysis, Environmental Research Institute of Michigan, Vol. 3, [1978], p. 1779–89. [Classification of conventional snow parameters by micro-wave emission due to statistical algorithm yields promising results, using radiometers at 4.9, 10.5, 21, 36, and 94 GHz at high-altitude site with many grades of snow.]

Schimpp, O. Neue Methoden des temporären Lawinenschutzes. Für die Sicherheit im Bergland. Jahrbuch, 1978 [pub. 1979], p. 152–59. [Discusses temporary avalanche defences.]

Segantini, P. Die Beurteilung der Lawinenunfälle des Winters 1976/77 aus medizinischer Sicht. Winterbericht des Eidgenössischen Institutes für Schnee- und Lawinenforschung, Nr. 41, 1978, p.140–41. [Discusses whether medical assistance for avalanche victims can be improved, and whether number of avalanche deaths can be reduced.]

Sen’ko, P. K. Snegonakopleniye v rayone stantsii Molodezhnaya [Snow accumulation in the region of Molo- dezhnaya Station]. Trudy Sovetskoy Antarkticheskoy Ekspeditsii, Tom 67, 1978, p. 55–57.

Shiue, J. C., and others. Remote sensing of snowpack with microwave radiometers for hydrologie applications, [by] J. C. Shiue and A. T. C. Chang, H. Boyne, and D. Ellerbruch. Proceedings of the twelfth International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment … 1978… . Ann Arbor, Center for Remote Sensing Information and Analysis, Environmental Research Institute of Michigan, Vol. 2, [1978], p. 877–86. [Mobile field laboratory with radiometer system (frequencies 5, 10.7, 18, and 37 GHz) used to study microwave emission characteristics of snow-packs in Colorado Rocky Mountains during winter. Implications of results for run-off prediction discussed.]

Stichler, W., and Herrmann, A. Raumlich-zeitliche variationen der Isotopengehalte randalpiner Niederschläge. Veröffentlichungen der Schweizerischen Meteorologischen Zentralanstalt, 40, 1978, p. 271–75. [Study of spatial and seasonal variations of isotope content of precipitation, including snow, in Austrian Alps.]

Tabler, R. D. Visibility in blowing snow and applications in traffic operations. Transportation Research Circular (Washington, D.C.), No. 193, 1978, p. [2–5]. [Presents results of experiments exploring relationship between wind and visibility, with emphasis on changes accompanying snow depletion.]

Taylor, D. A. A survey of snow loads on the roofs of arena-type buildings in Canada. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, Vol. 6, No. 1, 1979, p. 85–96. [Considers cylindrical arch, and gable and Hipel roofs.]

VOIGHT, B., ed. Rockslides and avalanches, 1. Natural phenomena. Amsterdam, etc., Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co., 1978, xviii, 833 p. (Developments in Geotechnical Engineering, 14A.) [Contents include: B. Voight and W. G. Pariseau, “Rockslides and avalanches: an introduction”, p. 1–67; R, K. Fahnestock, “Little Tahoma Peak rockfalls and avalanches, Mount Rainier, Washington, U.S.A.”, p. 181–96; M. J. McSaveney, “Sherman Glacier rock avalanche, Alaska, U.S.A.”, p. 197–258; W. H. Mathews and K. C. McTaggart, “Hope rockslides, British Columbia, Canada”, p. 259–75; G. Plafker and G. E. Eriksen, “Nevados Huascarán avalanches, Peru”, p. 277–314; R. I. Perla, “Failure of snow slopes”, p. 731– 52; M. Mellor, “Dynamics of snow avalanches”, p. 753–92; C. F. Raymond, “Mechanics of glacier movement”, p. 793– 833.]

Wagner, A. J. The cold and snowy winter of 1977–78. Weatherwise, Vol. 31, No, 2, 1978, p. 53–59. [Discusses meteorological conditions leading to severe snow-storms in the United States.]

Wright, D. F., and Dovland, H. Regional surveys of the chemistry of the snowpack in Norway, late winter 1973, 1974, 1975, and 1976. Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 12, No. 8, 1978, p. 1755–68. [Results reported and discussed.]

Yamami, N., and Magono, C. Snow crystals of unusual type observed at the summit of Mt Teine. Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Ser. 7, Vol. 5, No. 2, 1977, p. 39–45. [Describes forms of crystals and considers conditions in which they were probably formed.]

Zanella, G. La nevosita’ sul versante padano dell’Appennino settentrionale. Veröffentlichungen der Schweizerischen Meteorologischen Zentralanstalt, 40, 1978, p. 301–04. [Study of frequency of snow-fall and amount of snow cover in northern Apennines, Italy.]