Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-4rdpn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-09T09:39:13.805Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Dutch Double Gender Nouns: Arbitrary or Motivated Agreement?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 May 2012

Chiara Semplicini*
Affiliation:
University of Perugia
*
Università degli Studi di Perugia, Dipartimento di Filosofia, Linguistica e Letterature, Sezione di Linguistica, Piazza Morlacchi 11, 06123 Perugia (PG), Italy, [[email protected]]

Abstract

Recent studies on spoken Dutch emphasize an ongoing recategorization of pronominal gender on semantic grounds, with no apparent con-nection to lexical gender (Audring 2006, 2009; De Vogelaer 2006, 2009; De Vogelaer & De Sutter 2010; De Vogelaer & De Vos 2011). In fact, gender instability is not confined to the pronominal domain: Some Dutch nouns display more than one lexical gender (de/het-nouns), a phenomenon that has not been linked to the process of pronominal re-semanticization. The aim of this paper is to identify the common semantic and pragmatic basis for pronominal gender agreement and the choice of a determiner for double gender nouns.

Type
ARTICLES
Copyright
Copyright © Society for Germanic Linguistics 2012

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Allan, Keith. 1977. Classifiers. Language 53. 284-310.Google Scholar
Aikhenvald, Alexandra. 2000. Classifiers: A typology of noun classification devices. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Abbott, Barbara. 2001. Definiteness and identification in English. Pragmatics in 2000: Selected papers from the 7th International Pragmatic Conference, vol. 2, ed. by Enikö, Németh T., 1-15. Antwerp: International Pragmatic Association.Google Scholar
Abbott, Barbara. 2004. Definiteness and indefiniteness. The handbook of pragmatics, ed. by Horn, Larry & Ward, Gregory, 122-149. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Ariel, Mira. 1990. Accessing noun-phrase antecedents. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Audring, Jenny. 2006. Pronominal gender in spoken Dutch. Journal of Germanic Linguistics 18. 85-116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Audring, Jenny. 2009. Reinventing pronoun gender. Utrecht: LOT Dissertation Series.Google Scholar
Booij, Gert, & Audring, Jenny. 2009. Genus als probleemcategorie. Taal en Tongval, Themanummer 22. 13-37.Google Scholar
Booij, Gert. 2002. The morphology of Dutch. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Braunmüller, Kurt. 1999. Gender in North Germanic: A diasystematic and functional approach. Unterbeck, Rissanen, Nevalainen, & Saari 1999. 2553.Google Scholar
Brugmann, Karl. 1889. Das Nominalgeschlecht in den indogermanischen Sprachen. Internationale Zeitschrift der Allgemeinen Sprachwissenschaft 4. 100-109.Google Scholar
Bubenik, Vit, Hewson, John, & Rose, Sarah (eds.). 2009. Grammatical change in Indo-European languages. Papers from the Workshop on Indo-European Linguistics at the 28th International Conference on Historical Linguistics, Montreal, 2007. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.Google Scholar
CELEX Lexical Database of Dutch (version 3.1). 1990. Computerized monolingual lexicon based on different sources: Geerts, Guido, Cornelis Kruyskamp, Hans Heestermans, & Johan Hendrik van Dale (eds.). 1984. van Dale. Comprehensive dictionary of contemporary Dutch, 1984 (± 80,000 words); Wordlist of the Dutch language (revised version of the Groene Boekje, 1954) (± 65,000 words); A frequency based selection of lemmas (± 15,000 words) from the INL corpus of 42 million words of written Dutch (1970-1988). http://celex.mpi.nl/.Google Scholar
Comrie, Bernard. 1981. Language universals and linguistic typology. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Corbett, Greville. 1979. The agreement hierarchy. Journal of Linguistics 15. 203-224.Google Scholar
Corbett, Greville. 1991. Gender. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Corbett, Greville. 2006. Agreement. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Craig, Colette. 1986. Noun classes and categorization. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Christophersen, Paul. 1939. The articles. A study of their theory and use in English. London: Munksgaard, Copenhagen and Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Croft, William, & Alan Cruse, D.. 2004. Cognitive linguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Curzan, Anna. 2003. Gender shifts in the history of English. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dahl, Östen. 1999. Animacy and the notion of semantic gender. Unterbeck, Rissanen, Nevalainen, & Saari 1999. 99115.Google Scholar
De Schutter, Georges, & Taeldeman, Johan. 2009. Het genus van leenwoorden in de Vlaamse en Brabantse dialcten in België. Taal en Tongval. Themanummer 22. 38-81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Vogelaer, Gunther. 2006. Pronominal genus bij ‘Zuid-Nederlandse’ taalverwervers: Grammaticaal of semantisch systeem? Nederlands tussen Duits en Engels, ed. by Hüning, Matthias, Vogl, Ulrike, van der Wouden, Ton, & Verhagen, Arie, 89-102. Leiden: Stichting Nederlandistiek.Google Scholar
De Vogelaer, Gunther. 2009. Changing pronominal gender in Dutch: Transmission or diffusion? Language variation, European perspectives, vol. 2, ed. by Tsiplakou, Stavroula, Karyolemou, Marilena, & Pavlou, Paul, 71-80. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins.Google Scholar
De Vogelaer, Gunther. 2010. (Not) acquiring gender in two varieties of Dutch. Advances in cognitive linguistics, ed. by Geeraerts, Dirk, Kristiansen, Gitte, & Peirsman, Yves, 167-190. Berlin/New York: Mouton De Gruyter.Google Scholar
De Vogelaer, Gunther, & De Sutter, Gert. 2010. The geography of gender change: Pronominal and adnominal gender in Flemish dialects of Dutch. Language Sciences 33. 192205.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
De Vogelaer, Gunther, & De Vos, Lien. 2011. Dutch gender and the locus of morphological regularization. Folia Linguistica 45. 245-281.Google Scholar
De Vos, Lien. 2009. De dynamiek van hersematisering. Taal en Tongval. Themanummer 22. 80-109.Google Scholar
Dekeyser, Xavier. 1980. The diachrony of the gender systems in English and Dutch. Historical morphology, ed. by Fisiak, Jacek, 97-111. The Hague: Mouton De Gruyter.Google Scholar
Dixon, Robert M. W. 1982. “Where have all the adjectives gone?”and other essays in semantics and syntax. Berlin: Mouton De Gruyter.Google Scholar
Donaldson, Bruce C. 1983. Dutch. A linguistic history of Holland and Belgium. Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff.Google Scholar
Fernández Ordoñez, Inès. 2009. The development of mass/count distinctions in Indo-European varieties. Bubenik, Hewson, & Rose 2009. 5570. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.Google Scholar
Fletcher, William. 1987. Semantic factors in Dutch gender choice. Papers from the 2nd Interdisciplinary Conference on Netherlandic Studies, Georgetown University, June 7-9, 1984, ed. by Fletcher, William, 51-63. Lanham: University Press of America.Google Scholar
Fraurud, Kari. 1988. Pronoun resolution in unrestricted text. Nordic Journal of Linguistics 11. 47-68.Google Scholar
Fraurud, Kari. 1990. Definiteness and the processing of noun phrases in natural discourse. Journal of Semantics 7. 395-433.Google Scholar
Fraurud, Kari. 1996. Cognitive ontology and NP form. Reference and referent accessibility, ed. by Fretheim, Thorstein & Gundel, Jeanette K., 65-88. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.Google Scholar
Givón, Talmy. 1976. Topic, pronoun and grammatical agreement. Subject and topic, ed. by Li, Charles N., 149-188. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Givón, Talmy. 1978. Definiteness and referentiality. Universals of human language, vol. 4: Syntax, ed. by Greenberg, Joseph, 291-330. Stanford: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Givón, Talmy (ed.). 1983. Topic continuity in discourse. A quantitative cross-language study. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.Google Scholar
Greenberg, Joseph. 1978. How does a language acquire gender markers? Universals of human language, vol. 3: Word structure, ed. by Greenberg, Joseph, Ferguson, Charles A., & Moravcsik, Edith A., 47-82. Stanford: Stanford University.Google Scholar
Gundel, Jeanette K., Hedberg, Nancy, & Zacharski, Ron. 1993. Cognitive status and the form of referring expressions in discourse. Language 69. 274-307.Google Scholar
Haase, Martin. 1999. Reorganization of a gender system: The central Italian neuters. Unterbeck, Rissanen, Nevalainen, & Saari 1999. 221236.Google Scholar
Haeseryn, Walter, Romijn, Kirsten, Geerts, Guido, de Rooij, Jaap, & van de Toorn, Maarten C.. 1997. E-ANS-Electronic version of the Dutch reference grammar: Algemene nederlandse spraakkunst. Groningen & Deurne: Martinus Nijhoff uitgevers & Wolters Plantyn. Available at: http://www.let.ru.nl/ans/.Google Scholar
Hawkins, John A. 1978. Definiteness and indefiniteness. A study in reference and grammaticality prediction. London: Croom Helm.Google Scholar
Heim, Irene. 1982. The semantics of definite and indefinite noun phrases. Amherst, MA: University of Massachusetts-Amherst dissertation.Google Scholar
Heusinger, Klaus von. 1997. Salienz und Referenz. Der Epsilonoperator in der Semantik der Nominalphrase und anaphorischer Pronomen. Berlin: Akademie Verlag.Google Scholar
Hockett, Charles Francis. 1958. A course in modern linguistics. New York: Macmillian.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Horst, Joop M. van der. 2008. Geschiedenis van de nederlandse taal. Leuven: Universitaire Pers Leuven.Google Scholar
Kamp, Hans. 1981. A theory of truth and semantic representation. Formal methods in the study of language, ed. by Groenendijk, Jeroen A. G., Janssen, Theo M. V., & Stokhof, Martin B. J., 277-322. Amsterdam: Mathematical Center Tract 135.Google Scholar
Kamp, Hans, & Reyle, Uwe. 1993. From discourse to logic. Dordrecht: Kluwer.Google Scholar
Krifka, Manfred. 1995. Common nouns: A contrastive analysis of Chinese and English. The generic book, ed. by Carlson, Gregory N. & Jeffry Pelletier, Francis, 398-411. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Lakoff, George. 1987. Women, fire, and dangerous things. What categories reveal about the mind. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lehmann, Winfred P. 1958. On earlier stages of the Indo-European nominal inflection. Language 34. 179-202.Google Scholar
Lewis, David. 1979. Scorekeeping in a language game. Semantics from different points of view, ed. by Bäuerle, Rainer, Egli, Urs, & von Stechow, Arnim, 172-187. Berlin/Heidelberg/New York: Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Löbner, Sebastian. 1985. Definites. Journal of Semantics 4. 279-326.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lüdtke, Helmut. 2001. Zu spanischen lo und zum Genus neutrum in Romanischen. Studien zum romanisch-deutschen und innerromanischen Sprachvergleich, ed. by Wotjak, Gerd, 185-189. Frankfurt: Lang.Google Scholar
Luraghi, Silvia. 2009. The origin of the feminine gender in PIE: An old problem in a new perspective. Bubenik, Hewson, & Rose 2009. 314. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.Google Scholar
Luraghi, Silvia. 2011. The origin of the Proto-Indo-European gender system: Typological considerations. Folia Linguistica 45. 435-464.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lyons, Christopher. 1999. Definiteness. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pauwels, Jan L. 1938. Bijdrage tot de kennis van het geslacht der substantieven in Zuid-Nederland. Tongeren: Michiels.Google Scholar
Parafragou, Anna. 2005. Relations between language and thought: Individuation and the count/mass distinction. Handbook of categorization in cognitive science, ed. by Cohen, Henri & Lefebvre, Claire, 255-275. Oxford: Elsevier.Google Scholar
Prince, Ellen F. 1992. The {ZPG} letter: Subjects, definiteness, and information status. Discourse description: Diverse analyses of a fund-raising text, ed. by Thompson, Sandra & Mann, William, 295-325. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.Google Scholar
Pustejovsky, James. 1995. The generative lexicon. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Referentie Bestand Nederlands (RBN, version 2.0). 2005. Corpus-based monolingual lexicon of the Dutch language with about 45,000 lemmas. Sources: lemmas from the Basic Vocabulary of the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (± 20,000 words) and a frequency based selection of lemmas (± 25,000 words) from the INL Million Corpora (5MWC, 27MWC, 38MWC). http://tst.inl/rbn/.Google Scholar
Russel, Bertrand. 1905. On denoting. Mind 14. 479-493.Google Scholar
Sasse, Hans-Jürgen. 1993. Syntactic categories and subcategories. Syntax. Ein internationales Handbuch zeitgenössischer Forschung/An international handbook of contemporary research, ed. by Jacobs, Joachim, von Stechow, Arnim, Sternefeld, Wolfgang, & Vennemann, Theo, 646-686. Berlin: Mouton De Gruyter.Google Scholar
Semplicini, Chiara. 2012. Het/de kluwen doet denken aand de/het draad: An analysis of Dutch double gender nouns. Perugia: Perugia University dissertation.Google Scholar
Siemund, Peter. 2008. Pronominal gender in English. A study of English varieties from a crosslinguistic perspective. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Talmy, Leonard. 2000. Toward a cognitive semantics. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
The woordenlijst der nederlandse taal (WL05). 2005. Dutch wordlist, updated version of Het Groene Boekje, 1954. Available at: http://woordenlijst.org/.Google Scholar
Unterbeck, Barbara, Rissanen, Matti, Nevalainen, Terttu, & Saari, Mirja (eds.). 1999. Gender in grammar and cognition (Trends in Linguistics: Studies and Monographs 124). Berlin: Mouton De Gruyter.Google Scholar
Wal, Marijke J. van der, & van Bree, Cor. 2008. Geschiedenis van het Nederlands. Utrecht: Spectrum.Google Scholar
Wisniewski, Edward J., Lamb, Christopher A., & Middleton, Erica L.. 2003. On the conceptual basis of the count and mass noun distinction. Language and Cognitive Processes 18. 583-624.Google Scholar
Wisniewski, Edward J., Middleton, Erica L., Trindel, Kelly A., & Imai, Mutsumi. 2004. Separating the chaff from the oats: Evidence for a conceptual distinction between count noun and mass noun aggregates. Journal of Memory and Language 50. 371-394.Google Scholar
Wisniewski, Edward J. 2009. On using count nouns, mass nouns, and pluralia tantum: What counts? Kinds, things, and stuff. Mass terms and generics, ed. by Jeffry Pelletier, Francis, 166-190. New York: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar