Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-tf8b9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-25T08:05:53.580Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Puis in spoken French: from time adjunct to additive conjunct?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 October 2008

Maj-Britt Mosegaard Hansen
Affiliation:
Institut d'Etudes Romanes, Faculté des Lettres et Sciences Humaines, Université de Copenhague, Njalsgade 80, DK-2300 Copenhague S, Denmark

Abstract

In this paper I present an analysis of the discourse connective puis, as it is used in (relatively) informal spoken French. I argue that this item has been (and possibly still is) subject to a process of grammaticalization, whereby its basic function has changed from that of a time adjunct to that of an additive conjunct taking discourse acts in its scope, with the further possibility that it may be moving towards becoming a true conjunction. I moreover hypothesize that the meaning of conversational puis may be represented as a set of instructions, directing the hearer to search for two and only two elements to be connected, and to understand these two elements to be of separate relevance to a common integrator.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1995

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Anscombre, J.-Cl. and Ducrot, O. (1983). L'Argumentation dans la langue. Brussels: Mardaga.Google Scholar
Auchlin, A. (1981 a). Mais, hein, pis bon, ben voilà, quoi! Marqueurs de structuration de la conversation. Cahiers de linguistique française, 2: 141160.Google Scholar
Auchlin, A. (1981 b). Réflexions sur les marqueurs de structuration de la conversation. Etudes de linguistique appliquée, 44: 83103.Google Scholar
Barnes, B. K. (1985). The Pragmatics of Left-Detachment in Spoken Standard French. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berrendonner, A. (1990). Pour une macro-syntaxe. Travaux de linguistique, 21: 2536.Google Scholar
Blakemore, D. (1987). Semantic Constraints on Relevance. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Blakemore, D. (1993). The relevance of reformulations. Language and Literature, 2(2): 101120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blakemore, D. (1995). Relevance, poetic effects and social goals: a reply to Culpeper. Language and Literature, 3(1): 4959.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blumenthal, P. (1975). Zur kommunikativen Funktion von Adverbien und Umstandsbestimmungen im Französischen. Romanische Forschungen, 87: 295332.Google Scholar
Brown, P. and Levinson, S. C. (1987). Politeness. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chevalier, J.-Cl. and Molho, M. (1986). De l'implication: esp.pues fr. puis. Travaux de linguistique et de littérature, 24(1): 2324.Google Scholar
Dik, S. C. (1968). Coordination: Its Implications for the Theory of General Linguistics. Amsterdam: North-Holland.Google Scholar
Ducrot, O. et al. (1980). Let Mots du discours. Paris: Editions de Minuit.Google Scholar
Ek, J. A. van and Robat, N. J. (1984). The Student's Grammar of English. London: Longman.Google Scholar
Fox, B. A. (1987). Discourse Structure and Anaphora. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fraser, B. (1990). An approach to discourse markers. Journal of Pragmatics, 14: 383395.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gougenheim, G. (1951). Grammaire de la langue française du seizième siècle. Lyon: IAC.Google Scholar
Greenbaum, S. (1969). Studies in English Adverbial Usage. London: Longman.Google Scholar
Gülich, E. (1970). Makrosyntax der Gliederungssignale im gesprochenen Französisch. Munich: Fink.Google Scholar
Hansen, M.-B.Mosegaard, (forthcoming a). Eh bien: marker of comparison and contrast. In Engberg-Pedersen, E., Harder, P., Heltoft, L. and Jakobsen, L. Falster (eds.) Content, Expression, and Structure: Studies in Danish Functional Grammar. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.Google Scholar
Hansen, M.-B.Mosegaard, (forthcoming b). Marqueurs métadiscursifs en français parlé: l'exemple de bon et de ben. Le Français moderne.Google Scholar
Heine, B., Claudi, U. and Hünnemeyer, F. (1991). Grammaticalization: a Conceptual Framework. Chicago: Chicago University Press.Google Scholar
Jefferson, G. (1972). Side sequences. In Sudnow, D. (ed.) Studies in Social Interaction. New York: Free Press, pp. 294338.Google Scholar
Koch, P. and Oesterreicher, W. (1990). Gesprochene Sprache in der Romania: Französisch, Italienisch, Spanisch. Tübingen: Niemeyer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kroon, C. (1995). Discourse markers, discourse structure and Functional Grammar. Paper presented at the Sixth International Conference on Functional Grammar, York, 21–26 August.Google Scholar
Lamiroy, B. and Swiggers, P. (1991). The status of imperatives as discourse signals. In Fleischman, S. and Waugh, L. R. (eds.) Discourse Pragmatics and the Verb: the Evidence from Romance. London: Routledge, pp. 120146.Google Scholar
Lang, E. (1984). The Semantics of Coordination. (Translation of Semantik der koordinativen Verknüpfung, Berlin, 1977.) Amsterdam: John Benjamins.Google Scholar
Laurandeau, P. (1983). Sur la systématique et la combinatoire du joncteur pi en québécois. Travaux de linguistique québécoise, 4: 1357.Google Scholar
Lehmann, C. (1985). Grammaticalization: synchronie variation and diachronic change. Lingua e stile, 20(3): 303318.Google Scholar
Mittwoch, A. (1976). Grammar and illocutionary force. Lingua, 40: 2142.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moeschler, J. (1985). Argumentation et conversation. Paris: Hatier-Crédif.Google Scholar
Mørdrup, O. (1976). Une Analyse non-transformationnelle des adverbes en −ment (Etudes Romanes II). Copenhagen: Akademisk Forlag.Google Scholar
Nølke, H. (1983). Les Adverbes paradigmatisants: fonction et analyse (Etudes Romanes 23). Copenhagen: Akademisk Forlag.Google Scholar
Nølke, H. (1989). Modality and polyphony: a study of some French adverbials. Travaux du Cercle Linguistique de Copenhague, 23: 4563.Google Scholar
Nølke, H. (1990). Les adverbiaux contextuels: problèmes de classification. Langue française, 88: 1227.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nølke, H. (1995). Linguistique modulaire: de la forme au sens. Aarhus: Aarhus Business School.Google Scholar
Posner, R. (1980). Semantics and pragmatics of sentence connectives in natural language. In Searle, J. R., Kiefer, F. and Bierwisch, M. (eds.) Speech Act Theory and Pragmatics. Dordrecht: D. Reidel, pp. 168203.Google Scholar
Roulet, E. (1991). Vers une approche modulaire de l'analyse du discours. Cahiers de linguistique française, 12: 5381.Google Scholar
Roulet, E. et al. (1987). L'Articulation du discours en français contemporain, 2nd edn.Bern: Peter Lang.Google Scholar
Rubattel, C. (1987). Actes de langage, semi-actes et typologie des connecteurs pragmatiques. Lingvisticae Investigationes, II(2): 379404.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schegloff, E. A. and Sacks, H. (1974). Opening up closings. In Turner, R. (ed.) Ethnomethodology: Selected Readings. Harmondsworth: Penguin, pp. 233264.Google Scholar
Schiffrin, D. (1987). Discourse Markers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schiffrin, D. (1995). Approaches to Discourse. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Sperber, D. and Wilson, D. (1986). Relevance: Communication and Cognition. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Traugott, E. Closs (1982). From propositional to textual and expressive meanings: some semantic—pragmatic aspects of grammaticalization. In Lehmann, W. P. and Malkiel, Y. (eds.) Perspectives on Historical Linguistics. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 245271.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Trésor de la langue française. Dictionnaire de la langue du XIXe et du XXe siècle. (1990). Paris: Gallimard.Google Scholar
Van Hout, G. (1974). Franc-math. Essai pédagogique sur les structures grammaticales du français moderne, vol. III. Paris: Didier.Google Scholar
Vet, C. (1980). Temps, aspects et adverbes de temps en français contemporain. Genève: Droz.Google Scholar
Warner, R. G. (1985). Discourse Connectives in English. New York: Garland.Google Scholar
Wunderli, P. (1982). Au sujet de l'intonation du français: la parenthèse en position médiane. Travaux de linguistique et de littérature, 20(1): 233270.Google Scholar