Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dlnhk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-28T21:25:19.094Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Progress in learning French vocabulary in a one-year advanced course at school1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 November 2008

SUZANNE GRAHAM
Affiliation:
University of Reading
BRIAN RICHARDS*
Affiliation:
University of Reading
DAVID MALVERN
Affiliation:
University of Reading
*
Address for correspondence: Brian Richards, University of Reading, Institute of Education, Bulmershe Court, Earley, Reading RG6 1HY, UK e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

This article reports on vocabulary learning in French during Year 12 by 150 pupils in 15 English comprehensive schools. Vocabulary progress over two school terms was investigated in the context of learner strategy training that targeted listening and writing. This intervention was carried out in eleven schools and results compared with a comparison group of four schools. Recognition vocabulary and writing vocabulary measures taken during the students' course are compared with listening and writing scores, and examination results. Results suggest that interventions which target listening and writing skills do not lead to significant gains in vocabulary through incidental learning and the deployment of vocabulary in writing tasks. However, it also appears that extra time and effort devoted to developing listening and writing is not at the expense of vocabulary learning.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2008

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

1.

This research forms part of the project ‘Strategy training in Year 12 French’ funded by the Economic and Social Research Council (Grant no. RES-000-23-0324) and conducted by Ernesto Macaro, Bob Vanderplank (Oxford University) and Suzanne Graham, Brian Richards and Kristyan Spelman-Miller (Reading University). Special thanks go to Lynn Erler, Shirley Lawes and Denise Santos for their help with data collection and analysis. We would also like to thank Jim Milton for his suggestions following an earlier oral presentation of these data and three reviewers for their helpful comments.

References

REFERENCES

Barnes, S., Gutfreund, M., Satterly, D. and Wells, C. G. (1983). Characteristics of adult speech which predict children's language development. Journal of Child Language, 10.1: 6584.Google Scholar
Baudot, J. (1992). Fréquence d'utilisation des mots en français écrit contemporain. Montréal: Presses de l'Université de Montréal.Google Scholar
Burgos-Kohler, N. (1991). The effect of a selected group of language learning strategies upon language development. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Texas at Austin.Google Scholar
CILT. (2005). Languages yearbook 2005. London: The National Centre for Languages.Google Scholar
Croll, P. (1995). Early linguistic attainment, family background and performance in 16+ examinations. Educational Studies, 21: 1328.Google Scholar
Fisher, L. (2001). Modern foreign languages recruitment post-16: The pupils' perspective. Language Learning Journal, 23: 3340.Google Scholar
Fraser, C. (1999). Lexical processing strategy use and vocabulary learning through reading. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 21.2: 225241.Google Scholar
Graham, S. (1997). Effective Language Learning. Positive Strategies for Advanced Level Language Learning. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters.Google Scholar
Graham, S. (2002). Experiences of learning French: a snapshot at Years 11, 12 and 13. Language Learning Journal, 25: 1520.Google Scholar
Graham, S. (2004). Giving up on modern foreign languages? Students' perceptions of learning French. The Modern Language Journal, 88.2: 171191.Google Scholar
Graham, S. (2006). Listening comprehension: The learners' perspective. System, 34.2: 165182.Google Scholar
Graham, S. and Macaro, E. (2007). Designing Year 12 strategy training in listening and writing: from theory to practice. Language Learning Journal, 35.2: 153173.Google Scholar
Graham, S. and Macaro, E. (forthcoming, 2008). Strategy instruction in listening for lower-intermediate learners of French. Language Learning.Google Scholar
Harris, V. and Snow, S. (2004). Doing it for Themselves: Focus on Learning Strategies and Vocabulary Building. London: CILT, the National Centre for Languages.Google Scholar
Hulstijn, J., Hollander, M. and Greidanus, T. (1996). Incidental vocabulary learning by advanced foreign language students: The influence of marginal glosses, dictionary use, and reoccurrence of unknown words. The Modern Language Journal, 80: 327339.Google Scholar
Jacobs, H., Zingraf, S., Wormuth, D., Hartfiel, V. and Hughey, J. (1981). Testing ESL Composition: a Practical Approach. Rowley, MA: Newbury House.Google Scholar
Laufer, B. (1989). What percentage of text lexis is essential for comprehension? In: Lauren, C. and Nordman, M. (eds.), Special Language: From Humans to Thinking Machines. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters, pp. 316323.Google Scholar
Laufer, B. (1992). How much lexis is necessary for reading comprehension? In: Arnaud, P. J. L. and Bejoint, H. (eds.), Vocabulary and Applied Linguistics. London: Macmillan, pp. 126132.Google Scholar
Laufer, B. (2006). Vocabulary acquisition in a second language: Do learners really acquire most vocabulary by reading? Some empirical evidence. Canadian Modern Language Review, 59: 567587.Google Scholar
Laufer, B. and Hulstijn, J. (2001). Incidental vocabulary acquisition in a second language: the construct of task-induced involvement. Applied Linguistics, 22.1: 126.Google Scholar
Lawson, M. and Hogben, D. (1998). Learning and recall of foreign-language vocabulary: effects of a keyword strategy for immediate and delayed recall. Learning and Instruction, 8.2: 179194.Google Scholar
Macaro, E., Graham, S., Richards, B. J., Spelman-Miller, K. and Vanderplank, R. (2006). Strategy training in year 12 French: listening and writing. Final report to the Economic and Social Research Council (Project RES-000-23-324).Google Scholar
Meara, P. M., Milton, J. L. (2003). X_Lex: Swansea Vocabulary Levels Test (Version 2.02) [Computer software]. Swansea: Lognostics.Google Scholar
Milton, J. (2006a). Language lite? Learning French vocabulary in school. Journal of French Language Studies, 16: 187205.Google Scholar
Milton, J. (2006b). Review of K. S. Folse, Vocabulary Myths: Applying Second Language Research to Classroom Teaching. Ann Arbour: The University of Michigan Press, 2004; and V. Harris and D. Snow. Doing it for Themselves: Focus on Learning Strategies and Vocabulary Building. London: CILT, 2004. Language Learning Journal, 33: 75–77.Google Scholar
Min, H.-T. (2008). EFL vocabulary acquisition and retention: reading plus vocabulary enhancement activities and narrow reading. Language Learning, 58.1: 73115.Google Scholar
Nyikos, N. and Fan, M. (2007). A review of vocabulary learning strategies: focus on language proficiency and learner voice. In: Cohen, A. D. and Macaro, E. (eds.), Language Learner Strategies: Thirty Years of Research and Practice. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp.251273.Google Scholar
O'Connor, E. F. (1972). Extending classical test theory to the measurement of change. Review of Educational Research, 42, 7397.Google Scholar
Pigada, M. and Schmitt, N. (2006). Vocabulary acquisition from extensive reading: A case study. Reading in a Foreign Language, 18.1: 128. Retrieved December 7, from http://nflrc.hawaii.edu/rfl.Google Scholar
Read, J. (2000). Assessing Vocabulary. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Richards, B. J. and Malvern, D. D. (2007). Validity and threats to the validity of vocabulary assessment. In: Daller, H., Milton, J. and Treffers-Daller, J. (eds.), Modelling and Assessing Vocabulary Knowledge. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 7992.Google Scholar
Ross, S. J. (1998). Measuring Gain in Language Programs: Theory and Research. Sidney: National Centre for English Language Teaching and Research, Macquarie University.Google Scholar
Schmitt, N. (2000). Vocabulary in Language Teaching. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Schouten-van Parreren, C. (1989). Vocabulary learning through reading: which conditions should be met when presenting words in texts? AILA Review, 6: 7585.Google Scholar
Swanborn, M. S. L. and de Glopper, K. (1999). Incidental word learning while reading: a meta-analysis. Review of Educational Research, 69.3: 261285.Google Scholar
Tonkyn, A. (2006). Towards progress-sensitive measures of L2 speaking proficiency: a case study of instructed learners. Unpublished PhD Dissertation, University of Reading.Google Scholar
Toya, M. (1992). Form of explanation in modification of listening input in L2 vocabulary learning. Unpublished MA in ESL thesis, Department of ESL, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu.Google Scholar
Vidal, K. (2003). Academic listening: a source of vocabulary acquisition? Applied Linguistics, 24.1: 5689.Google Scholar
Walters, J. M. (2006). Beyond exhortation: training students of English as a second language to infer meaning from context. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Nottingham, UK.Google Scholar
Weir, C. J. (1993). Understanding and Developing Language Tests. Hemel Hempstead: Prentice Hall.Google Scholar