Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-dh8gc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-09T14:33:51.312Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Clause subordination structures in language decline1

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 October 2008

Kevin J. Rottet
Affiliation:
472 Heide Hall, Dept. of Languages and Literatures, Whitewater, WI 53190, USA

Abstract

The field of language-death studies has invited a growing number of researchers to explore what happens to the internal structure of a language as it declines. However, little work has been done to date on minority varieties of French in the context of language-death studies. This paper examines some intergenerational changes in subordination (conditionals and subjunctive clauses) in a Cajun French community, exploring the gradual loss of non-indicative moods and the abandonment of finite clauses in subjunctive contexts in favour of innovative non-finite clause types via a continuum of variation.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1998

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Auger, J. (1990) Les Structures impersonnelles et l'alternance des modes en subordonnée dans le fiançais parléde Québec. Quebec: CIRAL.Google Scholar
Bauche, H. (1920) Le Langage populaire. Paris: Payot.Google Scholar
Bernstein, B. (1964) Elaborated and restricted codes: their social origins and some consequences. In: The Ethnography of Communication. Gumperz, J. J. and Hymes, D. (eds.), American Anthropologist 66, pt. 2: 5569.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bernstein, B. (1972) Class, Codes and Control, vol. 1. New York: Schocken Books.Google Scholar
Bernstein, B. (1973) Elaborated and restricted codes: an outline. In Lieberson, Stanley J. (ed.), Explorations in Sociolinguistics. Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University Press, pp. 126–33Google Scholar
Brandon, E. (1955) La Paroisse de Vermilion: moeurs, dictons, contes et legendes. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Université Laval, Quebec.Google Scholar
Conwell, M. and Juilland, A. (1963) Louisiana French Grammar, vol. I: Phonology Morphology and Syntax. The Hague: Mouton.Google Scholar
Dorian, N. (1981) Language death: the Life Cycle of a Scottish Gaelic Dialect. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dorian, N. (1982) Linguistic models and language death evidence. In: Obler, L.K. and Menn, L. (eds.), Exceptional Language and Linguistic Theory. New York: Academic Press, pp. 3148.Google Scholar
Dressler, W. (1988) Language death. In: Newmeyer, Frederic (ed.), Linguistics: the Cambridge Survey, vol. IV: Language: The Sociocultural Matrix. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 184–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ferguson, C. and Debose, C. E. (1977) Simplified registers, broken language and pidginizarion. In: Valdman, A. (ed.), Pidgin and Creole Linguistics. Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University Press, pp. 99125.Google Scholar
Field, Thomas (1985) Language attitudes and language death in the French Pyrenees. The SECOL Review 9: 4467.Google Scholar
Guidry, R. (1982) C'est p'us pareil. Lafayette, La.: Center for Louisiana Studies, University of Southwestern Louisiana.Google Scholar
Guilbeau, J. (1950) The French spoken in Lafourche Parish, Louisiana. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, The University of North Carolina.Google Scholar
Hill, J. H. (1973) Subordinate clause density and language function. In: Corum, C. et al. (eds.), You Take the High Node and I'll Take the Low Node. Chicago: Chicago Linguistic Society, pp. 3352.Google Scholar
Hill, J. H. (1979) Language death, language contact and language evolution. In: McCormack, W. and Wurm, S. (eds.), Approaches to Language: Anthropological Issues. The Hague: Mouton, pp. 4478.Google Scholar
Hill, J. H. (1983) Language death in Uto-Aztecan. International Journal of American Linguistics 49, 3: 258–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hill, J. H. (1989) The social functions of relativization in obsolescent and non-obsolescent languages. In: Dorian, Nancy C. (ed.), Investigating Obsolescence: Studies in Language Contraction and Death. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 149–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holm, John (1989) Pidgins and Creole: a Reference Survey, vol. II. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Jones, A. M. and Carter, H. (1967) The style of a Tonga historical narrative. African Language Studies 8: 93126.Google Scholar
Kehlenbeck, A. P. (1948) An Iowa Low German Dialect. Greensboro, NC: Publication of the American Dialect Society, No. 10.Google Scholar
Labov, W.. (1972) The logic of nonstandard English. In: Giglioli, Pier Paolo (ed.), Language and Social Context. New York: Penguin Books, pp. 179215.Google Scholar
Laurier, M (1989) Le subjonctif dans le parler franco-ontarien: un mode en voie de disparition? In: Mougeon, R. and Beniak, E. (éds.), Le Français canadien parlé hors Quebec. Quebec: Les Presses de l'Université Laval, pp. 105–26.Google Scholar
Lindenfeld, J. (1969) The social conditioning of syntactic variation in French. In: Fishman, J. R. (ed.), Advances in the Sociology of Language, vol. II. The Hague: Mouton, pp. 7790.Google Scholar
Loupe, S. (1932) Acadian folklore of ‘La Côte Française’. Master's thesis, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge.Google Scholar
Maher, J. (1985) Contact linguistics: the language enclave phenomenon. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, New York University.Google Scholar
Martineau, F. (1988) Variable deletion of que in the spoken French of Ottawa-Hull. In: Montreuil, J. P. and Birdsong, D. (eds.), Advances in Romance Linguistics. Dordrecht: Foris, pp. 275–87.Google Scholar
Menn, L. (1989) Some people who don't talk right: universal and particular in child language, aphasia, and language obsolescence. In: Dorian, Nancy C. (ed.), Investigating Obsolescence: Studies in Language Contraction and Death. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 335–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Migliazza, E. (1972) Yanomama grammar and intelligibility. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Indiana University, Bloomington.Google Scholar
Newman, S. (1964) Linguistic aspects of Yokuts style. In: Hymes, Dell (ed), Language in Culture and Society. New York: Harper and Row, pp. 372–7. (Originally published 1940.)Google Scholar
Picone, M. (1994) Code-intermediate phenomena in Louisiana French. In: Papers from the 30th Regional meeting of the Chicago Linguistic Society, pp. 320–34.Google Scholar
Polinsky, M. (1995) The grammar of language loss: cross-linguistic parallels. Paper given at the Symposium on Language Loss and Public Policy, University of New Mexico Linguistic Institute, Albuquerque, 1995.Google Scholar
Rottet, K. (1995) Language shift and language death in the Cajun French-speaking communities of Terrebonne and Lafourche Parishes, Louisiana. Ph.D. dissertation, Indiana University, Bloomington.Google Scholar
Rottet, K. (1996) Language change and language death: some changes in the pronominal system of declining Cajun French. Plurilinguismes 11 (04): 117–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sasse, H.-J. (1992a) Language decay and contact-induced change: similarities and differences. In: Brenzinger, Matthias (ed.), Language Death: Factual and Theoretical Explorations with Special Reference to East Africa. New York: Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 5980.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sasse, H.-J. (1992b) Theory of language death. In: Brenzinger, Matthias (ed.), Language Death: Factual and Theoretical Explorations with Special Reference to East Africa. New York: Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 730.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schmidt, A. (1985) Young People's Dyirbal: an Example of Language Death from Australia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Thogmartin, C. O. Jr (1970) The French dialect of Old Mines, Missouri. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.Google Scholar
Tsitsipis, L. (1981) Language change and language death in Albanian speech communities in Greece: a sociolinguistic study. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Wisconsin, Madison.Google Scholar
Valdman, A. (1974) Le parler vernaculaire des isolats français en Amérique du Nord. Louisiana Review/Revue de Louisiane 3, 1: 4358.Google Scholar
Voegelin, C. F. and Voegelin, F. M. (1977) Is Tübatulabal de-acquisition relevant to theories of language acquisition? International Journal of American Linguistics 43: 333'6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wittman, H. (1995) Grammaire comparée des variétés coloniales du français populaire de Paris du 17e siècle et origine du français québécois. In: Fournier, R. and Wittman, Henri (éds.), Le Français des Amériques. Trois Rivieres: Presses Universitaires de Trois Rivières, pp. 281334.Google Scholar