Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gbm5v Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-29T14:10:21.905Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Wave-induced wind fluctuation over the sea

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 March 2006

Junsei Kondo ,
Yukio Fujinawa  and
Gen'ichi Naito
Junsei Kondo
Affiliation:
Institute of Coastal Oceanology, National Research Center for Disaster Prevention, Hiratsuka, Japan
Yukio Fujinawa
Affiliation:
Institute of Coastal Oceanology, National Research Center for Disaster Prevention, Hiratsuka, Japan
Gen'ichi Naito
Affiliation:
Institute of Coastal Oceanology, National Research Center for Disaster Prevention, Hiratsuka, Japan
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Simultaneous measurements of the sea surface displacement and the longitudinal component of the wind velocity at several levels are reported. They were obtained at the Marine Tower under various conditions, with the air and the waves moving either in the same or in opposite directions. The spectral analysis was made. The cross-correlation coefficient between the sea surface displacement and the wind velocity is large at the layer adjacent to the surface and decreases with increasing mean wind velocity and height. Below a certain level which is several times or several tens of times higher than the height of the critical level where the wind velocity component in the direction of wave propagation equals the wave velocity, the phase lag of the Fourier component of the wind velocity compared with the surface elevation component is about 160 to 190°. Above this layer the wave-induced wind component is very weak and the phase reversal takes place at the height where the mean wind velocity equals 1·2 to 1·5C, C being the phase velocity of wave. When the wind blows in the opposite direction from that of the wave propagation, the wind fluctuation is in phase with respect to the wave motion and the amplitude of wave-induced wind component is relatively large. Some discrepancies are shown between the observations and the predictions from the theory of inviscid fluids.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 51 , Issue 4 , 22 February 1972 , pp. 751 - 771
Copyright
© 1972 Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Benjamin, T. B. 1959 Shearing flow over a wavy boundary. J. Fluid Mech. 6, 161–205.Google Scholar
Conte, S. D. & Miles, J. W. 1959 On the numerical integration of the Orr-Sommerfeld equation. J. Soc. Industr. Appl. Math. 7, 361–366.Google Scholar
Davis, R. E. 1970 On the turbulent flow over a wavy boundary. J. Fluid Mech. 42, 721–731.Google Scholar
Deacon, E. L. & Webb, E. K. 1962 Interchange of properties between sea and air. Chapter 3. Small-scale interactions. In The Sea (ed. M. N. Hill), p. 43. Interscience.
Gupta, A. K., Landahl, M. T. & Mollo-Christensen, E. L. 1968 Experimental and theoretical investigation of the stability of air flow over a water surface. J. Fluid Mech. 33, 673–691.Google Scholar
Hamada, T. 1968 On some properties of wind over water waves (with English abstract). Rep. Port & Harbour Tech. Res. Inst. 7 (4), 22.Google Scholar
Harris, D. L. 1966 The wave-driven wind. J. Atmos. Sci. 23, 688–693.Google Scholar
Hicks, B. B. & Dyer, A. J. 1970 Measurements of eddy-fluxes over the sea from an off-shore oil rig. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. 96, 523–528.Google Scholar
Hussain, A. K. M. F. & Reynolds, W. C. 1970 The mechanics of an organized wave in turbulent shear flow. J. Fluid Mech. 41, 241–258.Google Scholar
Kato, H. & Takemura, K. 1966 Wind profiles over the shallow water (1st report, with English abstract). Rep. Port & Harbour Tech. Res. Inst. 5 (1), 26.Google Scholar
Kendall, J. M. 1970 The turbulent boundary layer over a wall with progressive surface waves. J. Fluid Mech. 41, 259–281.Google Scholar
Kondo, J. & Naito, G. 1972 Disturbed wind fields around the obstacle in sheared flow near the earth's surface. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, to be published.Google Scholar
Kondo, J., Naito, G. & Fujinawa, Y. 1971 Response of cup anemometer in turbulence. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 49, 63–74.Google Scholar
Lamb, H. 1945 Hydrodynamics. Dover.
Lighthill, M. J. 1957 The fundamental solution for small steady three-dimensional disturbances to a two-dimensional parallel shear flow. J. Fluid Mech. 3, 113.Google Scholar
Lighthill, M. J. 1962 Physical interpretation of the mathematical theory of wave generation by wind. J. Fluid Mech. 14, 385–398.Google Scholar
Lumley, J. L. & Panofsky, H. A. 1964 The Structure of Atmospheric Turbulence, p. 239.
Miles, J. W. 1957 On the generation of surface waves by shear flows. J. Fluid Mech. 3, 185–204.Google Scholar
Nan'niti, T., Fujiki, A. & Akamatsu, H. 1968 Micro-meteorological observations over the sea. Part 1. J. Oceanogr. Soc. Japan, 24, 281–294.Google Scholar
Phillips, O. M. 1966 The Dynamics of the Upper Ocean, p. 261. Cambridge University Press.
Pond, S., Stewart, R. W. & Burling, R. W. 1963 Turbulence spectra in the wind over waves. J. Atrnos. Sci. 20, 319–324.Google Scholar
Pond, S., Smith, S. D., Hamblin, P. E. & Burling, R. W. 1966 Spectra of velocity and temperature fluctuations in the atmospheric boundary layer over the sea. J. Atmos. Sci. 23, 376–386.Google Scholar
Roll, H. U. 1965 Physics of the Marine Atmosphere, p. 246. Academic.
Shemdin, O. H. & Hsu, E. Y. 1966 The dynamics of wind in the vicinity of progressive water waves. Dept. of Civil Engng Tech. Rep. Stanford University, no 66.
Stewart, R. H. 1970 Laboratory studies of the velocity field over deepwater waves. J. Fluid Mech. 42, 733–754.Google Scholar
Takeda, A. 1963 Wind profiles over sea waves. J. Oceanogr. Soc. Japan, 19, 16–22.Google Scholar
Weiler, H. S. & Burling, R. W. 1967 Direct measurements of stress and spectra of turbulence in the boundary layer over the sea. J. Atmos Sci. 24, 653–664.Google Scholar
Wu, J. 1968 Laboratory studies of wind-wave interaction. J. Fluid Mech. 34, 91–111.Google Scholar
Yefimov, V. V. & Sizov, A. A. 1969 Experimental study of the field of wind velocity over waves. Izv. Atmos. Oceanic Phys. 5, 930–942.Google Scholar