Hostname: page-component-f554764f5-c4bhq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-04-10T17:46:50.382Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Vortex shedding from cylinders with two step discontinuities in diameter

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 September 2020

Chris Morton Open the ORCID record for Chris Morton [Opens in a new window]  and
S. Yarusevych
Chris Morton*
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
S. Yarusevych
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
*
†Email address for correspondence: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

A dual-step cylinder is a canonical geometry commonly encountered in many practical flows. It consists of a large diameter cylinder ($D$) attached coaxially to the mid-span of a small diameter cylinder ($d$). This work provides a comprehensive description of the flow development, classifies common wake regimes and considers the associated structural loading on a dual-step cylinder. The influence of the aspect ratio of the large diameter cylinder ($L/D$) and diameter ratio ($D/d$) is studied experimentally for a Reynolds number of $Re_D = 2100$, $1.33\leq D/d \leq 4$ and $0.2\leq L/D \leq 5$. The flow evolution and structural loading are quantified via a combination of flow visualization, Laser Doppler velocimetry, particle image velocimetry measurements and multi-component force balance measurements. Through a detailed analysis of the results, six distinct flow regimes are identified based on observed changes in the flow development downstream of the large diameter cylinder. The findings are distilled into a map of flow regimes that provides a framework for analysis of the dual-step cylinder wakes and incorporates limiting cases of this geometry, namely, uniform circular cylinders, cantilevered cylinders, cylinders with two free ends, coin-like cylinders and single-step cylinders. The identified flow regimes are also related to changes in structural loading.

JFM classification

Wakes/Jets: Separated flows Vortex Flows: Vortex dynamics
Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 902 , 10 November 2020 , A29
Check for updates
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

REFERENCES

Adrian, R. J. & Yao, C. S. 1986 Power spectra of fluid velocities measured by laser Doppler velocimetry. Exp. Fluids 5 (1), 17–28.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bearman, P. W. 1965 Investigation of the flow behind a two-dimensional model with a blunt trailing edge and fitted with splitter plates. J. Fluid Mech. 21 (2), 241–255.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berkooz, G. l., Holmes, P. & Lumley, J. L. 1993 The proper orthogonal decomposition in the analysis of turbulent flows. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 25 (1), 539–575.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bernitsas, M. M., Raghavan, K., Ben-Simon, Y. & Garcia, E. M. 2008 VIVACE (Vortex Induced Vibration Aquatic Clean Energy): a new concept in generation of clean and renewable energy from fluid flow. Trans. ASME J. Offshore Mech. Arctic Engng 130 (4), 041101.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bloor, M. S. 1964 The transition to turbulence in the wake of a circular cylinder. J. Fluid Mech. 19 (2), 290–304.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bokaian, A. 1994 Lock-in prediction of marine risers and tethers. J. Sound Vib. 175 (5), 607–623.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brika, D. & Laneville, A. 1993 Vortex-induced vibrations of a long flexible circular cylinder. J. Fluid Mech. 250, 481–508.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dunn, W. & Tavoularis, S. 2006 Experimental studies of vortices shed from cylinders with a step-change in diameter. J. Fluid Mech. 555, 409–437.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Farivar, D. 1981 Turbulent uniform flow over cylinders of finite length. AIAA J. 19, 275–281.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gerich, D. & Eckelmann, H. 1982 Influence of end plates and free ends on the shedding frequency of circular cylinders. J. Fluid Mech. 122, 109–121.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Inoue, O. & Sakuragi, A. 2008 Vortex shedding from a circular cylinder of finite length at low Reynolds numbers. Phys. Fluids 20 (3), 033601.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ji, C., Cui, Y., Xu, D., Yang, X. & Srinil, N. 2019 Vortex-induced vibrations of dual-step cylinders with different diameter ratios in laminar flows. Phys. Fluids 31 (7), 073602.Google Scholar
Ji, C., Yang, X., Cui, Y. & Chen, W. 2020 a Vortex dislocation characteristics of a dual-step cylinder in low-Re flow. Intl J. Comput. Appl. Technol. 62 (4), 307–317.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ji, C., Yang, X., Yu, Y., Cui, Y. & Srinil, N. 2020 b Numerical simulations of flows around a dual step cylinder with different diameter ratios at low Reynolds number. Eur. J. Mech.-B/Fluids 79, 332–344.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kourentis, L. & Konstantinidis, E. 2012 Uncovering large-scale coherent structures in natural and forced turbulent wakes by combining PIV, POD, and FTLE. Exp. Fluids 52 (3), 749–763.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lam, K., Wang, F. H. & So, R. M. C. 2004 Three-dimensional nature of vortices in the near wake of a wavy cylinder. J. Fluids Struct. 19 (6), 815–833.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lewis, C. G. & Gharib, M. 1992 An exploration of the wake three dimensionalities caused by a local discontinuity in cylinder diameter. Phys. Fluids A 4 (1), 104–117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McClure, J., Morton, C. & Yarusevych, S. 2015 Flow development and structural loading on dual step cylinders in laminar shedding regime. Phys. Fluids 27 (6), 063602.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Medici, D. & Alfredsson, P. H. 2006 Measurements on a wind turbine wake: 3D effects and bluff body vortex shedding. Wind Energy 9 (3), 219–236.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morton, C. & Yarusevych, S. 2010 Vortex shedding in the wake of a step cylinder. Phys. Fluids 22 (8), 083602.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morton, C. & Yarusevych, S. 2012 An experimental investigation of flow past a dual step cylinder. Exp. Fluids 52 (1), 69–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morton, C. & Yarusevych, S. 2014 a On vortex shedding from low aspect ratio dual step cylinders. J. Fluids Struct. 44, 251–269.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morton, C. & Yarusevych, S. 2014 b Vortex dynamics in the turbulent wake of a single step cylinder. Trans. ASME J. Fluids Engng 136 (3), 031204.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morton, C. & Yarusevych, S. 2015 Three-dimensional flow and surface visualization using hydrogen bubble technique. J. Vis. 18 (1), 47–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morton, C., Yarusevych, S. & Scarano, F. 2016 A tomographic particle image velocimetry investigation of the flow development over dual step cylinders. Phys. Fluids 28 (2), 025104.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nakamura, H. & Igarashi, T. 2008 Omnidirectional reductions in drag and fluctuating forces for a circular cylinder by attaching rings. J. Wind Engng Ind. Aerodyn. 96 (6), 887–899.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Noack, B. R., Afanasiev, K., Morzynski, M., Tadmor, G. & Thiele, F. 2003 A hierarchy of low-dimensional models for the transient and post-transient cylinder wake. J. Fluid Mech. 497, 335–363.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Norberg, C. 1992 An experimental study of the flow around cylinders joined with a step in diameter. In Proceedings of the 11th Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference, Hobart, Australia, vol. 1, pp. 507–510.Google Scholar
Norberg, C. 1994 An experimental investigation of the flow around a circular cylinder: influence of aspect ratio. J. Fluid Mech. 258, 287–316.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Norberg, C. 2003 Fluctuating lift on a circular cylinder: review and new measurements. J. Fluids Struct. 17 (1), 57–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Perrin, R., Braza, M., Cid, E., Cazin, S., Barthet, A., Sevrain, A., Mockett, C. & Thiele, F. 2007 Obtaining phase averaged turbulence properties in the near wake of a circular cylinder at high Reynolds number using pod. Exp. Fluids 43 (2–3), 341–355.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roshko, A. 1954 On the drag and shedding frequency of two-dimensional bluff bodies. NACA Technical Note 3169, pp. 1–30.Google Scholar
Roshko, A. 1955 On the wake and drag of bluff bodies. J. Aeronaut. Sci. 22 (2), 124–132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roshko, A. 1993 Perspectives on bluff body aerodynamics. J. Wind Engng Ind. Aerodyn. 49 (1), 79–100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scarano, F. & Riethmuller, M. L. 2000 Advances in iterative multigrid PIV image processing. Exp. Fluids 29 (1), S051–S060.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sirovich, L. 1987 Turbulence and the dynamics of coherent structures. Part I: coherent structures. Q. Appl. Maths 45 (3), 561–571.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Szepessy, S. & Bearman, P. W. 1992 Aspect ratio and end plate effects on vortex shedding from a circular cylinder. J. Fluid Mech. 234, 191–217.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thomas, F. O., Kozlov, A. & Corke, T. C. 2005 Plasma actuators for landing gear noise reduction. 11th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference (26th AIAA Aeroacoustics Conference), 23--25 May 2005, Monterey, California. AIAA Paper 2005-3010.Google Scholar
Tian, C., Jiang, F., Pettersen, B. & Andersson, H. I. 2017 Antisymmetric vortex interactions in the wake behind a step cylinder. Phys. Fluids 29 (10), 101704.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tian, C., Jiang, F., Pettersen, B. & Andersson, H. I. 2020 Vortex dislocation mechanisms in the near wake of a step cylinder. J. Fluid Mech. 891, A24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Westerweel, J. & Scarano, F. 2005 Universal outlier detection for PIV data. Exp. Fluids 39 (6), 1096–1100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wieneke, B. 2015 PIV uncertainty quantification from correlation statistics. Meas. Sci. Technol. 26 (7), 074002.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wieselsberger, C. 1922 Technical note number 84: New data on the laws of fluid resistance. National Advisory Committee of Aeronautics.Google Scholar
Williamson, C. H. K. 1989 Oblique and parallel modes of vortex shedding in the wake of a circular cylinder at low Reynolds numbers. J. Fluid Mech. 206, 579–627.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williamson, C. H. K. 1992 The natural and forced formation of spot-like ‘vortex dislocations’ in the transition of a wake. J. Fluid Mech. 243, 393–441.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williamson, C. H. K. 1996 Vortex dynamics in the cylinder wake. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 28 (1), 477–539.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wu, M.-H., Wen, C.-Y., Yen, R.-H., Weng, M.-C. & Wang, A.-B. 2004 Experimental and numerical study of the separation angle for flow around a circular cylinder at low Reynolds number. J. Fluid Mech. 515, 233–260.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zdravkovich, M. M. 1981 Review and classification of various aerodynamic and hydrodynamic means for suppressing vortex shedding. J. Wind Engng Ind. Aerodyn. 7 (2), 145–189.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zdravkovich, M. M. 2003 Flow Around Circular Cylinders: Volume 2: Applications. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Zdravkovich, M. M., Brand, V. P., Mathew, G. & Weston, A. 1989 Flow past short circular cylinders with two free ends. J. Fluid Mech. 203, 557–575.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zdravkovich, M. M., Flaherty, A. J., Pahle, M. G. & Skelhorne, I. A. 1998 Some aerodynamic aspects of coin-like cylinders. J. Fluid Mech. 360, 73–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Morton and Yarusevych supplementary movie

Hydrogen bubble flow visualization of shear layer instabilities within the IS regime for a dual step cylinder at ReD = 2100, D=d = 2:67, and L=D = 3.

Download Morton and Yarusevych supplementary movie(Video)
Video 9.8 MB

Morton and Yarusevych supplementary movie

Hydrogen bubble flow visualization of vortex shedding from a dual step cylinder in the NS Regime at ReD = 2100, D=d = 2, and L=D = 0:2.
Download Morton and Yarusevych supplementary movie(Video)
Video 32 MB

Morton and Yarusevych supplementary movie 3

Hydrogen bubble flow visualization of vortex shedding from a dual step cylinder in the IS Regime at ReD = 2100, D=d = 2, and L=D = 3.

Download Morton and Yarusevych supplementary movie 3(Video)
Video 22 MB

Morton and Yarusevych supplementary movie 4

Hydrogen bubble flow visualization of vortex shedding from a dual step cylinder in the HFS Regime at ReD = 2100, D=d = 2, and L=D = 1.

Download Morton and Yarusevych supplementary movie 4(Video)
Video 21 MB