Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-mkpzs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T23:44:38.739Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

A tracer dispersion study of the drag-reduction effect in a turbulent pipe flow

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 March 2006

A. W. Bryson ,
Vr. Arunachalam  and
G. D. Fulford
A. W. Bryson
Affiliation:
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada Present address: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, R.S.A.
Vr. Arunachalam
Affiliation:
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada Present address: Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
G. D. Fulford
Affiliation:
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada Present address: Technical Services Department, Alumina Partners of Jamaica, Spur Tree P.O., Jamaica
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Remarkable differences in dispersion of a tracer material injected into turbulent pipe flows of water and water containing as little as 2·5 parts per million by weight of a soluble high-molecular-weight drag-reducing polyoxyethylene additive have been measured. Analysis of the tracer response curves in terms of a simple one-parameter model shows that the observed results are compatible with a drag-reduction mechanism based on thickening of the viscous sublayer adjoining the wall. Other experiments, reported briefly, suggest that polymer adsorption on to the wall is responsible for this thickening.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 47 , Issue 2 , 31 May 1971 , pp. 209 - 230
Copyright
© 1971 Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aris, R. 1956 Proc. Roy. Soc. A, 235, 67.
Aris, R. 1959 Proc. Roy. Soc. A, 252, 538.
Arunachalam, Vr. 1969 Ph.D. thesis, University of Waterloo.
Astarita, G. 1965 Ind. Engng Chem. Fundamentals, 4, 236.
Astarita, G. & Nicodemo, L. 1969 Ind. Engng Chem. Fundamentals, 8, 582.
Barenblatt, G. I., Bulina, I. G., Kalashnikov, V. N. & Kalinichenko, N. M. 1966 Zhurn. Prikl. Mekh. i Tekhn. Fiz. no. 6, 108.
Barenblatt, G. I. & Kalashnikov, V. N. 1968 Izv. Akad. Nauk SSSR, Mekhanika Zhidkosti i Gaza, no. 3, 68.
Barenblatt, G. I., Kalashnikov, V. N. & Kudin, A. M. 1968 Zhurn. Prikl. Mekh. i Tekhn. Fiz. no. 6, 118.
Brennen, C. & Gadd, G. E. 1967 Nature. Lond. 215, 1368.
Clough, S. B., Read, H. E., Metzner, A. B. & Behn, V. C. 1962 A.I.Ch.E. J. 8, 346.
Danckwerts, P. V. 1953 Chem. Engng Sci. 2, 1.
Deavours, C. A. 1966 Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, Technical Report, no. 1; published as Document AD-634 529, C.F.S.T.I., Springfield, Virginia.
Elata, C. 1966 J. Hydraulics Div., Proc. A.S.C.E., no. HY 3, p. 124.
Elata, C., Lehrer, J. & Kahanovitz, A. 1966 Israel J. Technol. 4, 87.
Elder, J. W. 1959 J. Fluid Mech. 5, 544.
El'’erin, I. T., Smol'skiî, B. M. & Levental, L. I. 1965 Izv. Akad. Nauk BSSR, Ser. Fiz.-Tekhn. Nauk, no. 3, 42.
Fabula, A. G., Lumley, J. L. & Taylor, W. D. 1966 In Modern Developments in the Mechanics of Continua (ed. S. Eskinazi), pp. 145–164. New York: Academic.
Friehe, C. A. & Schwarz, W. H. 1969 In Viscous Drag Reduction (ed. C. S. Wells), pp. 281–296. New York: Plenum.
Gadd, G. E. 1965 Nature. Lond. 206, 463.
Gadd, G. E. 1966a Nature. Lond. 212, 874.
Gadd, G. E. 1966b Nature. Lond. 212, 1348.
Goren, Y. 1966 Ph.D. thesis, University of Liverpool.
Goren, Y. & Norbury, J. F. 1967 Trans. A.S.M.E., J. Basic Engng, 89D, 814.
Granville, P. S. 1968 J. Ship Research 12, 201.
Hirose, T. 1969 Ph.D. thesis, University of Waterloo.
Hoshino, S. & Sato, K. 1967 Chem. Engng, Tokyo, 31, 961.
Hoyt, J. W. 1968 In Solution Properties of Natural Polymers, pp. 207–215. The Chemical Society, London.
James, D. F. 1966 Nature. Lond. 212, 754.
Janberg, K. 1970 Forschung im Ingenieurwesen, 36, 7.
Kay, J. M. 1957 An Introduction to Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer. Cambridge University Press.
Kozicki, W. & Tiu, C. 1968 Chem. Engng Sci. 23, 231.
Lamer, V. K. & Healy, T. W. 1963 Rev. Pure and Applied Chem. 13, 112.
Levenspiel, O. & Bischoff, K. B. 1963 In Advances in Chemical Engineering, Vol. 4 (ed. T. B. Drew et al.), pp. 95–198. Academic.
Lindgren, E. B. & Chao, J.-L. 1967 Phys. Fluids, 10, 667.
Little, R. C. 1969 U.S. Naval Research Laboratory Memo Report, no. NRL 1957; published as Document AD-684 770, C.F.S.T.I., Springfield, Virginia.
Lumley, J. L. 1967 Appl. Mech. Rev. 20, 1139.
Lumley, J. L. 1969 In Annual Reviews of Fluid Mechanics, vol. 1 (ed. W. R. Sears), pp. 367–384. Palo Alto: Annual Reviews Inc.
Mccullough, J. G. 1969 Union Carbide Corporation, Tarrytown Technical Center, New York, Report Tech. Series 45-T-1.
Metzner, A. B. & Astarita, G. 1967 A.I.Ch.E. J. 13, 550.
Mineshita, T., Watanabe, T. & Ono, S. 1966 J. Polymer Sci. C, Polymer Symposia, no. 23, p. 533.
Nicodemo, L., Acierno, D. & Astarita, G. 1969 Chem. Engng Sci. 24, 1241.
Öhrn, O. E. 1955 J. Polymer Sci. 17, 137.
Oliver, D. R. & MacSporran, W. 1968 Can. J. Chem. Engng 46, 233.
Patel, V. C. & Head, M. R. 1969 J. Fluid Mech. 38, 181.
Patterson, G. K. & Florez, G. L. 1969 In Viscous Drag Reduction (ed. C. S. Wells), pp. 233–250. New York: Plenum.
Patterson, G. K., Zakin, J. L. & Rodriguez, J. M. 1969 Ind. Engng Chem. 61, no. 1, 22.
Pruitt, G. T. & Crawford, H. C. 1965 The Western Company, Research Division Report; published as Document AD-613 345, C.F.S.T.I., Springfield, Virginia.
Rothfus, R. R., Archer, D. H., Klimas, I. C. & Sikchi, K. G. 1957 A.I.Ch.E. J. 3, 208.
Rowland, F., Bulas, R., Rothstein, E. & Eirich, F. R. 1965 Ind. Engng Chem. 57, no. 9, 46.
Rubin, H. 1970 A.I.Ch.E. J. 16, 325.
Rudd, M. J. 1969 Nature. Lond. 224, 587.
Savins, J. G. 1965 A.I.Ch.E. J. 11, 673.
Schlichting, H. 1960 Boundary Layer Theory. 4th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Seyer, F. A. & Metzner, A. B. 1969a A.I.Ch.E. J. 15, 426.
Seyer, F. A. & Metzner, A. B. 1969b Can. J. Chem. Engng 47, 525.
Silberberg, A. 1968 In Proceedings of First International Conference on Haemorheology (ed. A. L. Copley), pp. 225–230. Oxford: Pergamon.
Smith, K. A., Merrill, E. W., Mickley, H. S. & Virk, P. S. 1967 Chem. Engng Sci. 22, 619.
Spangler, J. G. 1969 In Viscous Drag Reduction (ed. C. S. Wells), pp. 131–157. New York: Plenum.
Squire, W., Castro, W. & Costrell, J. 1967 Nature. Lond. 213, 1008.
Taylor, G. I. 1953 Proc. Roy. Soc. A, 219, 186.
Taylor, G. I. 1954a Proc. Roy. Soc. A, 223, 446.
Taylor, G. I. 1954b Proc. Roy. Soc. A, 225, 473.
Taylor, G. I. & Turner, J. C. R. 1966 In Applied Mechanics Surveys (ed. H. N. Abramson et al.), pp. 1079–1085. Washington, D.C.: Spartan Books.
Toms, B. A. 1949 Proc. 1st Int. Congr. Rheology. part 2. Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Company.
Tuijnman, C. A. F. & Hermans, J. J. 1957 J. Polymer Sci. 25, 385.
Tulin, M. P. 1966. In Sixth Symposium on Naval Hydrodynamics (ed. R. D. Cooper and S. W. Doroff), pp. 3–18. Publication ACR-136 of the Office of Naval Research, Department of the Navy, Washington, D.C. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
Ullman, R., Koral, J. & Eirich, F. R. 1957 Proc. 2nd Int. Congr. Surface Activity. vol. iii, pp. 485–491. London: Butterworth.
Van Oene, H. & Cragg, L. H. 1961 Nature. Lond. 191, 1160.
Virk, P. S., Merrill, E. W., Mickley, H. S. & Smith, K. A. 1966 In Modern Developments in the Mechanics of Continua (ed. S. Eskinazi), pp. 37–52. New York: Academic.
Virk, P. S., Merrill, E. W., Mickley, H. S., Smith, K. A. & Mollo-Christensen, E. L. 1967 J. Fluid Mech. 30, 305.
Washburn, E. W. (ed.) 1929 International Critical Tables, vol. 5. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Wells, C. S. 1965 A.I.A.A. J. 3, 1800.
Wetzel, J. M. & Tsai, F. Y. 1968 A.I.Ch.E. J. 14, 663.
White, W. D. 1969 In Viscous Drag Reduction (ed. C. S. Wells), pp. 173–182. New York: Plenum.