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Shock-induced energy conversion of entropy in non-ideal fluids

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 February 2019

Emile Touber Open the ORCID record for Emile Touber [Opens in a new window]  and
Nicolas Alferez Open the ORCID record for Nicolas Alferez [Opens in a new window]
Emile Touber*
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
Nicolas Alferez
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK DynFluid Laboratory, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, 151 blvd de l’Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
*
†Email address for correspondence: [email protected]
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Abstract

From shaping cosmic structures in space to producing intense sounds in aircraft engines, shock waves in fluids ineluctably convert entropy fluctuations into swirling motions and sound waves. Studies of the corresponding conversion from internal energy to kinetic energy have so far been restricted to ideal (or idealised) fluids. Yet, many substances do not obey the ideal-gas law (including those in the above two examples). The present work demonstrates that non-ideal thermodynamic properties provide a remarkable degree of control over the conversion to solenoidal and dilatational kinetic energies. Of particular interest is the ability to suppress much of the emitted acoustic field whilst promoting mixing downstream of the shock. This is made possible by exploiting the convexity (or lack thereof) of the shock adiabats. Whilst illustrated here using dense vapours near the thermodynamic critical point, this ability to design and control specific shock-induced energy transfers extends beyond near-critical-point phenomena; e.g. shocked mixtures (high-speed dusty flows on Mars, nanoparticle formation in supersonic expanders for drug manufacturing), reacting fronts (supersonic combustion, rocket propulsion), ionising shocks (reentry systems, inertial confinement fusion) or fronts in active fluids (bacterial and crowd flows). This theoretical work, which demonstrates the predictive capabilities of linear theory, lays the foundation for future experimental investigations ultimately aimed at delivering novel shock-based flow-control strategies exploiting the thermodynamic properties of the fluid.

JFM classification

Flow Control: Control theory Compressible Flows: Gas dynamics Compressible Flows: Shock waves
Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 864 , 10 April 2019 , pp. 807 - 847
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Copyright
© 2019 Cambridge University Press 

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Touber and Alferez supplementary movie 1

Refraction of an entropy spot in ideal gas at Mach 1.33907. See Figure 6 for details.

Download Touber and Alferez supplementary movie 1(Video)
Video 365 KB

Touber and Alferez supplementary movie 2

Refraction of an entropy spot in vdW gas at Mach 1.34900. See Figure 6 for details.

Download Touber and Alferez supplementary movie 2(Video)
Video 1.3 MB

Touber and Alferez supplementary movie 3

Refraction of an entropy spot in vdW gas at Mach 1.29222. See Figure 6 for details.

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Video 936.8 KB

Touber and Alferez supplementary movie 4

Refraction of an entropy spot in vdW gas at Mach 2.50000. See Figure 12 for details.

Download Touber and Alferez supplementary movie 4(Video)
Video 581.2 KB

Touber and Alferez supplementary movie 5

Refraction of an entropy spot in vdW gas at Mach 1.20000 (expansion shock). See Figure 15 for details.

Download Touber and Alferez supplementary movie 5(Video)
Video 922.5 KB