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Shock attenuation of dense granular media

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 April 2025

Panpan Han Open the ORCID record for Panpan Han [Opens in a new window]  and
Kun Xue
Panpan Han
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Explosive Science and Safety Protection, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China
Kun Xue*
Affiliation:
State Key Laboratory of Explosive Science and Safety Protection, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China National Key Laboratory of Computational Physics, Beijing 100088, PR China
*
Corresponding author: Kun Xue, [email protected]
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Abstract

Attenuation of shock waves through dense granular media with varying macro-scale and micro-scale parameters has been numerically studied in this work by a coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian approach. The results elucidate the correlation between the attenuation mechanism and the nature of shock-induced unsteady flows inside the granular media. As the shock transmission becomes trivial relative to the establishment of unsteady interpore flows, giving way to the gas filtration, the shock attenuation mechanism transitions from the shock dynamics and deduction of propagation area associated with the shock transmission, to the drag-related friction dissipation alongside the gas filtration. The ratio between the maximum shock transmission length and the thickness of the particle layer is found to be a proper indicator of the nature of shock-induced flows. More importantly, it is this ratio that successfully collapses the upstream and downstream pressures of shock impacted particle layers with widely ranging thickness and volume fraction, leading to a universal scaling law for the shock attenuation effect. We further propose a correlation between the structure of particle layer and the corresponding maximum shock transmission length, guaranteeing adequate theoretical predictions of the upstream and downstream pressures. These predictions are also necessary for an accurate estimation of the spread rate of shock dispersed particle bed through a pressure-gradient-based scaling method.

JFM classification

Compressible Flows: Shock waves Multiphase and Particle-laden Flows: Particle/fluid flow Granular media: Dry granular material
Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 1009 , 25 April 2025 , A22
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press

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