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Reactive control of isolated unsteady streaks in a laminar boundary layer

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 April 2016

Kyle M. Bade ,
Ronald E. Hanson ,
Brandt A. Belson ,
Ahmed M. Naguib ,
Philippe Lavoie  and
Clarence W. Rowley
Kyle M. Bade
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
Ronald E. Hanson
Affiliation:
Institute for Aerospace Studies, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M3H 5T6, Canada
Brandt A. Belson
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
Ahmed M. Naguib*
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
Philippe Lavoie
Affiliation:
Institute for Aerospace Studies, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M3H 5T6, Canada
Clarence W. Rowley
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
*
†Email address for correspondence: [email protected]
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Abstract

This study is motivated by controlling transient growth and subsequent bypass transition of the laminar boundary layer to turbulence. In experiments employing a model problem, an active roughness element is used to introduce steady/unsteady streak disturbances in a Blasius boundary layer. This tractable arrangement enables a systematic investigation of the evolution of the disturbances and of potential methods to control them in real time. The control strategy utilizes wall-shear-stress sensors, upstream and downstream of a plasma actuator, as inputs to a model-based controller. The controller is designed using empirical input/output data to determine the parameters of simple models, approximating the boundary layer dynamics. The models are used to tune feedforward and feedback controllers. The control effect is examined over a range of roughness-element heights, free stream velocities, feedback sensor positions, unsteady disturbance frequencies and control strategies; and is found to nearly completely cancel the steady-state disturbance at the downstream sensor location. The control of unsteady disturbances exhibits a limited bandwidth of less than 1.3 Hz. However, concurrent modelling demonstrates that substantially higher bandwidth is achievable by improving the feedforward controller and/or optimizing the feedback sensor location. Moreover, the model analysis shows that the difference in the convective time delay of the roughness- and actuator-induced disturbances over the control domain must be known with high accuracy for effective feedforward control. This poses a limitation for control effectiveness in a stochastic environment, such as in bypass transition beneath a turbulent free stream; nonetheless, feedback can remedy some of this limitation.

JFM classification

Boundary Layers: Boundary layer control Flow Control: Flow Control Flow Control: Instability control
Type
Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 795 , 25 May 2016 , pp. 808 - 846
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Copyright
© 2016 Cambridge University Press 

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