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Quasi-steady shock refraction phenomenon at a diffusive fast–slow interface

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 May 2025

Jingqian Pu ,
Ben Guan Open the ORCID record for Ben Guan [Opens in a new window] ,
Zhiwei Deng Open the ORCID record for Zhiwei Deng [Opens in a new window] ,
Zhigang Zhai Open the ORCID record for Zhigang Zhai [Opens in a new window]  and
Xisheng Luo Open the ORCID record for Xisheng Luo [Opens in a new window]
Jingqian Pu
Affiliation:
Advanced Propulsion Laboratory, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
Ben Guan
Affiliation:
College of Aerospace and Civil Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Heilongjiang 150001, PR China
Zhiwei Deng
Affiliation:
College of Aerospace and Civil Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Heilongjiang 150001, PR China
Zhigang Zhai*
Affiliation:
Advanced Propulsion Laboratory, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
Xisheng Luo
Affiliation:
Advanced Propulsion Laboratory, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China State Key Laboratory of High Temperature Gas Dynamics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
*
Corresponding author: Zhigang Zhai, [email protected]
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Abstract

The quasi-steady shock refraction at a diffusive air–SF$_6$ interface (fast–slow type) is investigated numerically and theoretically. A new refraction pattern where both shock and expansion waves are simultaneously present in the reflected waves (named RRR-E) is first observed at the diffusive interface. The new refraction pattern is a regular pattern that is not expected to occur in classical shock refraction at a sharp fast–slow interface. Through the shock polar method, continuous refraction processes occur within the diffusion layer to satisfy the kinematic relationship between the reflected wave and the transmitted shock, which results in the RRR-E formation. Subsequently, the conditions for the RRR-E occurrence are obtained theoretically and verified numerically. In the phase diagram of the refraction patterns, the presence of RRR-E results in the transition boundaries of different refraction patterns at the sharp fast–slow interface no longer being valid. Specifically, the appearance of RRR-E delays the Mach reflection refraction (MRR) process, which is of great significance for the design of scramjet engines.

JFM classification

Compressible Flows: Shock waves
Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 1010 , 10 May 2025 , A16
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press

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