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Pulsatile flow through constricted tubes: an experimental investigation using photochromic tracer methods

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 April 2006

Matadial Ojha ,
Richard S. C. Cobbold ,
K. Wayne Johnston  and
Richard L. Hummel
Matadial Ojha
Affiliation:
Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A4, Canada
Richard S. C. Cobbold
Affiliation:
Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A4, Canada
K. Wayne Johnston
Affiliation:
Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A4, Canada
Richard L. Hummel
Affiliation:
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 1A4, Canada
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Abstract

A photochromic tracer method has been used to record pulsatile flow velocity profiles simultaneously at three axial locations along a flow channel. Two major advantages of this multiple-trace method are that it enables velocity data to be acquired in an efficient non-invasive manner and that it provides a detailed description of the spatial relationship of the flow field. The latter is found to be particularly useful in the investigation of transitional type flows; for example, in describing coherent flow structures. Studies of the flow patterns in tubes with mild to moderate degrees of vessel constriction were performed using a 2.9 Hz sinusoidal flow superimposed on a steady flow (frequency parameter of 7.5; mean and modulation Reynolds numbers of 575 and 360, respectively). With mild constrictions (< 50% area reduction), isolated regions of vortical and helical structures were observed primarily during the deceleration phase of the flow cycle and in the vicinity of the reattachment point. As expected, these effects were accentuated when the constriction was asymmetric. For moderate constrictions (50%–80%), transition to turbulence was triggered just before peak flow through the breakdown of waves and streamwise vortices that were shed in the high-shear layer. During this vortex generation phase of the flow cycle, the wall shear stress fluctuated quite intensely, especially in the vicinity of the reattachment point, and its instantaneous value increased by at least a factor of eight. Such detailed descriptions of the transition to turbulence and of the spatial and temporal variation of the wall shear stress, particularly near the reattachment point, have not been previously reported for pulsatile flow through constricted tubes. The observed wall shear stress variations support a proposal by Mao & Hanratty (1986) of an interaction of the imposed flow oscillation with the turbulent fluctuations within the viscous sublayer.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 203 , June 1989 , pp. 173 - 197
Copyright
© 1989 Cambridge University Press

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