Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-g8jcs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T07:37:36.227Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

On the lifespan of recirculating suspensions with pulsatile flow

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 October 2021

Mark D. Jeronimo Open the ORCID record for Mark D. Jeronimo [Opens in a new window]  and
David E. Rival Open the ORCID record for David E. Rival [Opens in a new window]
Mark D. Jeronimo*
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 2V9, Canada
David E. Rival
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 2V9, Canada
*
†Email address for correspondence: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

A Lagrangian analysis is performed to measure the rate at which recirculating fluid is replaced (depleted) in pulsatile flows. Based on this approach, we then investigate how depletion is affected in dense suspensions. Experiments are conducted for pure liquid as well as suspensions with volume fractions of $\varPhi =5\,\%$, 10 % and 20 %. Using Lagrangian tracking and pathline extension techniques, the depletion of the recirculation region is quantified via the trajectories of individual fluid parcels exiting the domain. Pulsatile flows with varying concentrations of hydrogel beads, up to a volume fraction of 20 %, are compared at mean Reynolds numbers of $Re=4800$, 9600 and 14 400, while the Strouhal number ($St=0.04$, 0.08 and 0.15) and amplitude ratio ($\lambda =0.25$, 0.50 and 0.95) are systematically varied. A so-called ‘depletion efficiency’ is calculated for each test case, which is shown to increase with increasing Strouhal number and amplitude ratio. For most pulsatile cases, periodic vortex formation significantly increases depletion efficiency through enhanced entrainment of recirculating fluid. Conversely, low-amplitude pulsatile flows are dominated by Kelvin–Helmholtz instabilities, which do not penetrate into the recirculation region, and thus their depletion efficiency is markedly lower as a result. The efficiency trends and depletion mechanisms remain virtually unchanged between the pure liquid and each of the suspension concentrations under almost all flow conditions, which forms an unexpected conclusion. The only exception is for low-amplitude and steady flows, where increasing the suspension volume fraction is shown to suppress fluid transport across the shear layer, which in turn slows depletion and decreases the overall depletion efficiency.

JFM classification

Complex Fluids: Suspensions Vortex Flows: Vortex interactions Wakes/Jets: Separated flows
Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 928 , 10 December 2021 , A2
Check for updates
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Baker, L.J. & Coletti, F. 2019 Experimental study of negatively buoyant finite-size particles in a turbulent boundary layer up to dense regimes. J. Fluid Mech. 866, 598–629.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Balachandar, S. & Eaton, J.K. 2010 Turbulent dispersed multiphase flow. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 42 (1), 111–133.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blackburn, H.M. & Sherwin, S.J. 2007 Instability modes and transition of pulsatile stenotic flow: pulse-period dependence. J. Fluid Mech. 573, 57–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blackburn, H.M., Sherwin, S.J. & Barkley, D. 2008 Convective instability and transient growth in steady and pulsatile stenotic flows. J. Fluid Mech. 607, 267–277.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brunton, S.L. & Rowley, C.W. 2010 Fast computation of finite-time Lyapunov exponent fields for unsteady flows. Chaos 20 (1), 017503.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cai, Z., Sun, M., Wang, Z. & Bai, X.-S. 2018 Effect of cavity geometry on fuel transport and mixing processes in a scramjet combustor. Aerosp. Sci. Technol. 80, 309–314.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cantwell, C.D., Barkley, D. & Blackburn, H.M. 2010 Transient growth analysis of flow through a sudden expansion in a circular pipe. Phys. Fluids 22 (3), 034101.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cierpka, C., Lütke, B. & Kähler, C.J. 2013 Higher order multi-frame particle tracking velocimetry. Exp. Fluids 54, 1533.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dracos, T. 1996 Particle Tracking Velocimetry (PTV): Basic Concepts, pp. 155–160. Springer Netherlands.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gobert, S.R.L., Kuhn, S., Braeken, L. & Thomassen, L.C.J. 2017 Characterization of milli- and microflow reactors: mixing efficiency and residence time distribution. Org. Process. Res. Dev. 21 (4), 531–542.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gruber, M.R., Donbar, J.M., Carter, C.D. & Hsu, K.-Y. 2004 Mixing and combustion studies using cavity-based flameholders in a supersonic flow. J. Propul. Power 20 (5), 769–778.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guazzelli, É. & Pouliquen, O. 2018 Rheology of dense granular suspensions. J. Fluid Mech. 852, P1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jeronimo, M.D. & Rival, D.E. 2020 Particle residence time in pulsatile post-stenotic flow. Phys. Fluids 32, 045110.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jeronimo, M.D., Zhang, K. & Rival, D.E. 2019 Direct Lagrangian measurements of particle residence time. Exp. Fluids 60, 72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kähler, C.J., Scharnowski, S. & Cierpka, C. 2012 On the uncertainty of digital PIV and PTV near walls. Exp. Fluids 52 (6), 1641–1656.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kryuchkov, Y.N. 2001 Concentration dependence of the mean interparticle distance in disperse systems. Refract. Ind. Ceram. 42 (11/12), 390–392.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martorell, J., Santomá, P., Kolandaivelu, K., Kolachalama, V.B., Melgar-Lesmes, P., Molins, J.J., Garcia, L., Edelman, E.R. & Balcells, M. 2014 Extent of flow recirculation governs expression of atherosclerotic and thrombotic biomarkers in arterial bifurcations. Cardiovasc. Res. 103 (1), 37–46.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Noack, B.R., Mezić, I., Tadmor, G. & Banaszuk, A. 2004 Optimal mixing in recirculation zones. Phys. Fluids 16 (4), 867–888.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peterson, S.D. & Plesniak, M.W. 2008 The influence of inlet velocity profile and secondary flow on pulsatile flow in a model artery with stenosis. J. Fluid Mech. 616, 263–301.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Piccolo, C., Arina, R. & Cancelli, C. 2001 Fluid exchange between a recirculation region and the perturbed external flow. Phys. Chem. Earth B: Hydrol. Oceans Atmos. 26 (4), 269–273.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Raben, S.G., Ross, S.D. & Vlachos, P.P. 2014 Computation of finite-time Lyapunov exponents from time-resolved particle image velocimetry data. Exp. Fluids 55, 1638.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Raffel, M., Willert, C.E., Scarano, F., Käehler, C.J., Wereley, S.T. & Kompenhans, J. 2018 Particle Image Velocimetry: A Practical Guide, 2nd edn. Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reis, M.H., Varner, T.P. & Leibfarth, F.A. 2019 The influence of residence time distribution on continuous-flow polymerization. Macromolecules 52 (9), 3551–3557.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reza, M.M.S. & Arzani, A. 2019 A critical comparison of different residence time measures in aneurysms. J. Biomech. 88, 122–129.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rohlf, K. & Tenti, G. 2001 The role of the Womersley number in pulsatile blood flow: a theoretical study of the Casson model. J. Biomech. 34 (1), 141–148.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rosi, G.A. & Rival, D.E. 2018 A Lagrangian perspective towards studying entrainment. Exp. Fluids 59, 19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosi, G.A., Walker, A.M. & Rival, D.E. 2015 Lagrangian coherent structure identification using a Voronoi tessellation-based networking algorithm. Exp. Fluids 56, 189.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ruiz, L.A., Whittlesey, R.W. & Dabiri, J.O. 2010 Vortex-enhanced propulsion. J. Fluid Mech. 668, 5–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shadden, S.C. & Arzani, A. 2015 Lagrangian postprocessing of computational hemodynamics. Ann. Biomed. Engng 43 (1), 41–58.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shadden, S.C., Dabiri, J.O. & Marsden, J.E. 2006 Lagrangian analysis of fluid transport in empirical vortex ring flows. Phys. Fluids 18 (4), 047105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sonntag, S.J., Kaufmann, T.A.S., Büsen, M.R., Laumen, M., Gräf, F., Linde, T. & Steinseifer, U. 2014 Numerical washout study of a pulsatile total artificial heart. Intl J. Artif. Organs 37 (3), 241–252.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stewart, K.C., Niebel, C.L., Jung, S. & Vlachos, P.P. 2012 The decay of confined vortex rings. Exp. Fluids 53, 163–171.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stickel, J.J. & Powell, R.L. 2005 Fluid mechanics and rheology of dense suspensions. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 37 (1), 129–149.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Varghese, S.S., Frankel, S.H. & Fischer, P.F. 2007 a Direct numerical simulation of stenotic flows. Part 1: steady flow. J. Fluid Mech. 582, 253–280.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Varghese, S.S., Frankel, S.H. & Fischer, P.F. 2007 b Direct numerical simulation of stenotic flows. Part 2: pulsatile flow. J. Fluid Mech. 582, 281–318.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wiederseiner, S., Andreini, N., Epely-Chauvin, G. & Ancey, C. 2010 Refractive-index and density matching in concentrated particle suspensions: a review. Exp. Fluids 50, 1183–1206.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, K., Jeronimo, M.D. & Rival, D.E. 2019 Lagrangian method to simultaneously characterize transport behaviour of liquid and solid phases: a feasibility study in a confined vortex ring. Exp. Fluids 60, 160.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, K. & Rival, D.E. 2018 Experimental study of turbulence decay in dense suspensions using index-matched hydrogel particles. Phys. Fluids 30 (7), 073301.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, K. & Rival, D.E. 2020 On the dynamics of unconfined and confined vortex rings in dense suspensions. J. Fluid Mech. 902, A6.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Jeronimo and Rival supplementary movie 1

See pdf file for movie caption

Download Jeronimo and Rival supplementary movie 1(Video)
Video 25.5 MB

Jeronimo and Rival supplementary movie 2

See pdf file for movie caption

Download Jeronimo and Rival supplementary movie 2(Video)
Video 25.6 MB

Jeronimo and Rival supplementary movie 3

See pdf file for movie caption

Download Jeronimo and Rival supplementary movie 3(Video)
Video 25.4 MB

Jeronimo and Rival supplementary movie 4

See pdf file for movie caption

Download Jeronimo and Rival supplementary movie 4(Video)
Video 20.8 MB
Supplementary material: PDF

Jeronimo and Rival supplementary material

Captions for movies 1-4

Download Jeronimo and Rival supplementary material(PDF)
PDF 81.4 KB