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A novel heat transfer switch using the yield stress

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 October 2015

I. Karimfazli ,
I. A. Frigaard  and
A. Wachs
I. Karimfazli
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2054-6250 Applied Science Lane, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
I. A. Frigaard*
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of British Columbia, 2054-6250 Applied Science Lane, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada Department of Mathematics, University of British Columbia, 1984 Mathematics Road, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z2, Canada
A. Wachs
Affiliation:
Fluid Mechanics Department, IFP Energies nouvelles, Etablissement de Lyon, 69360, Solaize, France
*
†Email address for correspondence: [email protected]
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Abstract

We explore the feasibility of a novel method for the regulation of heat transfer across a cavity, by using a controllable yield stress in order to suppress the convective heat transfer. Practically, this type of control can be actuated with electro-rheological or magneto-rheological fluids. We demonstrate that above a given critical yield stress value only static steady regimes are possible, i.e. a purely conductive unyielded fluid fills the cavity. We show that this limit is governed by a balance of yield stress and buoyancy stresses, here described by $B$. With proper formulation the critical state can be described as a function of the domain geometry, and is independent of other dimensionless flow parameters (Rayleigh number, $\mathit{Ra}$, and Prandtl number, $\mathit{Pr}$). On the theoretical side, we examine the conditional stability of the static regime. We derive conservative conditions on disturbance energy to ensure that perturbations from a static regime decay to zero. Assuming stability, we show that the kinetic energy of the perturbed field decays to zero in a finite time, and give estimates for the stopping time, $t_{0}$. This allows us to predict the response of the system in suppressing advective heat transfer. The unconditional stability is also considered for the first time, illustrating the role of yield stress. We focus on the hydrodynamic characteristics of Bingham fluids in transition between conductive and convective limits. We use computational simulations to resolve the Navier–Stokes and energy equations for different yield stresses, and for different imposed controls. We show that depending on the initial conditions, a yield stress less than the critical value can result in temporary arrest of the flow. The temperature then develops conductively until the fluid yields and the flow restarts. We provide estimates of the hydrodynamic timescales of the problem and examples of flow transitions. In total, the theoretical and computational results establish that this methodology is feasible as a control, at least from a hydrodynamic perspective.

JFM classification

Convection: Buoyancy-driven instability Complex Fluids: Complex Fluids Convection: Convection in cavities
Type
Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 783 , 25 November 2015 , pp. 526 - 566
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Copyright
© 2015 Cambridge University Press 

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