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Nonlinear regimes of tsunami waves generated by a granular collapse

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 May 2021

Wladimir Sarlin Open the ORCID record for Wladimir Sarlin [Opens in a new window] ,
Cyprien Morize Open the ORCID record for Cyprien Morize [Opens in a new window] ,
Alban Sauret Open the ORCID record for Alban Sauret [Opens in a new window]  and
Philippe Gondret Open the ORCID record for Philippe Gondret [Opens in a new window]
Wladimir Sarlin
Affiliation:
Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Laboratoire FAST, 91405Orsay, France
Cyprien Morize*
Affiliation:
Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Laboratoire FAST, 91405Orsay, France
Alban Sauret
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA93106, USA
Philippe Gondret
Affiliation:
Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Laboratoire FAST, 91405Orsay, France
*
†Email address for correspondence: [email protected]
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Abstract

Tsunami waves induced by landslides are a threat to human activities and safety along coastal areas. In this paper, we characterize experimentally the waves generated by the gravity-driven collapse of a dry granular column into water. Three nonlinear wave regimes are identified depending on the Froude number ${Fr}_f$ based on the ratio of the velocity of the advancing granular front and the velocity of linear gravity waves in shallow water: transient bores for large ${Fr}_f$, solitary waves for intermediate values of ${Fr}_f$, and nonlinear transition waves at small ${Fr}_f$. The wave amplitude relative to the water depth increases with ${Fr}_f$ in the three regimes but with different nonlinear scalings, and the relative wavelength is an increasing or decreasing function of ${Fr}_f$ depending on the wave regime. Two of these wave regimes are rationalized by considering that the advancing granular front acts as a vertical piston pushing the water, while the last one is found to be a transition from shallow- to deep-water conditions. The present modelling contributes to a better understanding of the rich hydrodynamics of the generated waves, with coastal risk assessment as practical applications.

JFM classification

Waves/Free-surface Flows: Solitary waves Waves/Free-surface Flows: Surface gravity waves Granular media: Avalanches
Type
JFM Rapids
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 919 , 25 July 2021 , R6
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

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References

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