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Measurement of cytoplasmic streaming in single plant cells by magnetic resonance velocimetry

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 December 2009

JAN-WILLEM VAN DE MEENT ,
ANDY J. SEDERMAN ,
LYNN F. GLADDEN  and
RAYMOND E. GOLDSTEIN
JAN-WILLEM VAN DE MEENT
Affiliation:
Instituut-Lorentz, Universiteit Leiden, Postbus 9506, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge CB3 0WA, UK
ANDY J. SEDERMAN
Affiliation:
Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3RA, UK
LYNN F. GLADDEN
Affiliation:
Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3RA, UK
RAYMOND E. GOLDSTEIN*
Affiliation:
Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge CB3 0WA, UK
*
†Email address for correspondence: [email protected]
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Abstract

In the giant cylindrical cells found in Characean algae, multitudes of the molecular motor myosin transport the cytoplasm along opposing spiralling bands covering the inside of the cell wall, generating a helical shear flow in the large central vacuole. It has been suggested that such flows enhance mixing within the vacuole (van de Meent, Tuval & Goldstein, Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 101, 2008, paper no. 178102) and thereby play a role in regulating metabolism. For this to occur the membrane that encloses the vacuole, namely the tonoplast, must transmit efficiently the hydrodynamic shear generated in the cytoplasm. Existing measurements of streaming flows are of insufficient spatial resolution and extent to provide tests of fluid mechanical theories of such flows and information on the shear transmission. Here, using magnetic resonance velocimetry (MRV), we present the first measurements of cytoplasmic streaming velocities in single living cells. The spatial variation of the longitudinal velocity field in cross-sections of internodal cells of Chara corallina is obtained with spatial resolution of 16 μm and is shown to be in quantitative agreement with a recent theoretical analysis (Goldstein, Tuval & van de Meent, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, vol. 105, 2008, p. 3663) of rotational cytoplasmic streaming driven by bidirectional helical forcing in the cytoplasm, with direct shear transmission by the tonoplast. These results highlight the open problem of understanding tonoplast motion induced by streaming. Moreover, this study suggests the suitability of MRV in the characterization of streaming flows in a variety of eukaryotic systems and for microfluidic phenomena in general.

JFM classification

Biological Fluid Dynamics: Biological Fluid Dynamics Low-Reynolds-number flows: Low-Reynolds-number flows
Type
Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 642 , 10 January 2010 , pp. 5 - 14
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2009

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