Hostname: page-component-745bb68f8f-grxwn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-01-09T21:50:09.067Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Liquid impact on a bilinear elastic-plastic solid and its role in cavitation erosion

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 April 2006

M. Mcd. Grant  and
P. A. Lush
M. Mcd. Grant
Affiliation:
Thermo-Fluids Engineering Research Centre, The City University, London. EC1V OHB, UK Present address: Atkins R & D, Epsom, Surrey, UK.
P. A. Lush
Affiliation:
Thermo-Fluids Engineering Research Centre, The City University, London. EC1V OHB, UK
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The collapse of cavitation bubbles generates microjets which can cause local plastic deformation on neighbouring solid materials. This deformation takes the form of pitting which will eventually lead to large-scale material erosion. A model is presented which predicts the relative dimensions of the pits as a function of bubble collapse pressure, the shape of the microjet and the mechanical properties of the solid. The high pressures required to cause material deformation are generated by a water hammer mechanism and the solid is taken to have a simple bilinear elastic-plastic response. Measurements on pits produced by both flow and spark-generated cavitation are found to lie within the bounds predicted by the model. Both the measurements and the model suggest that there is a threshold microjet velocity below which no damage occurs, although such behaviour is masked, in practice, by statistical variations.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 176 , March 1987 , pp. 237 - 252
Copyright
© 1987 Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bowden, F. P. & Field, J. E. 1964 The brittle fracture of solids by liquid impact, by solid impact and by shock. Proc. R. Soc. Lond A 282, 331–352.Google Scholar
Brunton, J. H. & Rochester, M. C. 1979 Erosion of solid surfaces by the impact of liquid drops. In Treatise on Materials Science and Technology Erosion (ed. C. M. Preece). vol. 16. Academic.
Field, J. E., Lesser, M. B. & Davies, P. N. H. 1979 Theoretical and experimental studies of two dimensional impact. Proc. Fifth Intl Conf. on Erosion by Liquid and Solid Impact, Cambridge, Paper no. 2.Google Scholar
Field, J. E., Lesser, M. B. & Dear, J. P. 1985 Studies of two-dimensional liquid-wedge impact and their relevance to liquid drop impact problems. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A401, 225–249.Google Scholar
Glenn, L. A. 1974 On the dynamics of hypervelocity liquid jet impact on a flat rigid surface. Z. angew. Math. Phys. 25, 383–398.Google Scholar
Grant, M. McD. 1984 The prediction of cavitation erosion rates. Ph.D. thesis, The City University, London.
Heymann, F. J. 1969 High speed impact between a liquid drop and a solid surface. J. Appl. Phys. 40, 5113–5122.Google Scholar
Jauol, B. 1964 Etude de la plasticité et application aux metaux. Dunod, Paris. Reported in The Plastic Deformation of Metals (R. W. K. Honeycombe). Edward Arnold.
Kimoto, H., Tsuda, Y. & Hirose, T. 1983 A modelling study of the cavitation microjet. Proc. I. Mech. E. Conf. on Cavitation, Edinburgh, pp. 57–62.Google Scholar
Lauterborn, W. 1979 Liquid jets from cavitation bubble collapse. Proc. Fifth Intl Conf. on Erosion by Liquid and Solid Impact, Cambridge, Paper no. 58.Google Scholar
Lesser, M. B. 1981 Analytic solutions of liquid-impact problems. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 377, 289–308.Google Scholar
Lesser, M. B. & Field, J. E. 1983 The impact of compressible liquids. Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech. 15, 97–122.Google Scholar
Lush, P. A. 1979 Surface deformation produced by a cavitating flow. Proc. Fifth Intl Conf. on Erosion by Liquid and Solid Impact, Cambridge, Paper no. 61.Google Scholar
Lush, P. A. 1983 Impact of a liquid mass on a perfectly plastic solid. J. Fluid Mech. 135, 373–387.Google Scholar
Lush, P. A., Wood, R. J. K. & Carpanini, L. J. 1983 Pitting in soft aluminium produced by spark-induced cavitation bubbles. Proc. Sixth Intl Conf. on Erosion by Liquid and Solid Impact, Cambridge, Paper no. 5.Google Scholar
Pederson, T. F., Pederson, S. & Hansson, I. 1983 Subsurface deformation studies of cavitation eroded FCC materials. Proc. Sixth Intl Conf. on Erosion by Liquid and Solid Impact, Cambridge, Paper no. 4.Google Scholar
Penny, W. A. 1981 The design of a 0.5 MN rotary forging machine and experimental rotary forging. Ph.D. thesis, The City University, London.
Plesset, M. S. & Chapman, R. B. 1971 Collapse of an initially spherical vapour cavity in the neighbourhood of a solid boundary. J. Fluid Mech. 47, 283–290.Google Scholar
Radish, D. I. 1984 The investigation of the effects of spark induced cavitation bubbles on a selection of aluminium alloys. Final Year project, Dept. of Mech. Engng, The City University. London.
Rochester, M. C. & Brunton, J. H. 1979 Pressure distribution during drop impact. Proc. Fifth Intl Conf. on Erosion by Liquid and Solid Impact, Cambridge, Paper no. 6.Google Scholar
Tabor, D. 1951 The Hardness of Metals. Oxford University Press.