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Linear and weakly nonlinear analysis of Rayleigh–Bénard convection of perfect gas with non-Oberbeck–Boussinesq effects

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 April 2018

Shuang Liu ,
Shu-Ning Xia ,
Rui Yan ,
Zhen-Hua Wan Open the ORCID record for Zhen-Hua Wan [Opens in a new window]  and
De-Jun Sun
Shuang Liu
Affiliation:
Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, Anhui, China
Shu-Ning Xia
Affiliation:
Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, China
Rui Yan
Affiliation:
Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, Anhui, China
Zhen-Hua Wan*
Affiliation:
Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, Anhui, China
De-Jun Sun
Affiliation:
Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, Anhui, China
*
†Email address for correspondence: [email protected]
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Abstract

The influences of non-Oberbeck–Boussinesq (NOB) effects on flow instabilities and bifurcation characteristics of Rayleigh–Bénard convection are examined. The working fluid is air with reference Prandtl number $Pr=0.71$ and contained in two-dimensional rigid cavities of finite aspect ratios. The fluid flow is governed by the low-Mach-number equations, accounting for the NOB effects due to large temperature difference involving flow compressibility and variations of fluid viscosity and thermal conductivity with temperature. The intensity of NOB effects is measured by the dimensionless temperature differential $\unicode[STIX]{x1D716}$. Linear stability analysis of the thermal conduction state is performed. An $\unicode[STIX]{x1D716}^{2}$ scaling of the leading-order corrections of critical Rayleigh number $Ra_{cr}$ and disturbance growth rate $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}$ due to NOB effects is identified, which is a consequence of an intrinsic symmetry of the system. The influences of weak NOB effects on flow instabilities are further studied by perturbation expansion of linear stability equations with regard to $\unicode[STIX]{x1D716}$, and then the influence of aspect ratio $A$ is investigated in detail. NOB effects are found to enhance (weaken) flow stability in large (narrow) cavities. Detailed contributions of compressibility, viscosity and buoyancy actions on disturbance kinetic energy growth are identified quantitatively by energy analysis. Besides, a weakly nonlinear theory is developed based on centre-manifold reduction to investigate the NOB influences on bifurcation characteristics near convection onset, and amplitude equations are constructed for both codimension-one and -two cases. Rich bifurcation regimes are observed based on amplitude equations and also confirmed by direct numerical simulation. Weakly nonlinear analysis is useful for organizing and understanding these simulation results.

JFM classification

Convection: Buoyancy-driven instability Convection: Convection
Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 845 , 25 June 2018 , pp. 141 - 169
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Copyright
© 2018 Cambridge University Press 

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