Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jkksz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-29T14:50:45.292Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Large-eddy simulation of a mildly curved open-channel flow

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 July 2009

W. VAN BALEN ,
W. S. J. UIJTTEWAAL  and
K. BLANCKAERT
W. VAN BALEN*
Affiliation:
Department of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Delft, PO Box 5048, The Netherlands
W. S. J. UIJTTEWAAL
Affiliation:
Department of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Delft, PO Box 5048, The Netherlands
K. BLANCKAERT
Affiliation:
Department of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Delft, PO Box 5048, The Netherlands ICARE-ENAC, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale, Lausanne, CH-1015, Switzerland
*
†Email address for correspondence: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

After validation with experimental data, large-eddy simulation (LES) is used to study in detail the open-channel flow through a curved flume. Based on the LES results, the present paper addresses four issues. Firstly, features of the complex bicellular pattern of the secondary flow, occurring in curved open-channel flows, and its origin are investigated. Secondly, the turbulence characteristics of the flow are studied in detail, incorporating the anisotropy of the turbulence stresses, as well as the distribution of the kinetic energy and the turbulent kinetic energy. Moreover, the implications of the pattern of the production of turbulent kinetic energy is discussed within this context. Thirdly, the distribution of the wall shear stresses at the bottom and sidewalls is computed. Fourthly, the effects of changes in the subgrid-scale model and the boundary conditions are investigated. It turns out that the counter-rotating secondary flow cell near the outer bank is a result of the complex interaction between the spatial distribution of turbulence stresses and centrifugal effects. Moreover, it is found that this outer bank cell forms a region of a local increase of turbulent kinetic energy and of its production. Furthermore, it is shown that the bed shear stresses are amplified in the bend. The distribution of the wall shear stresses is deformed throughout the bend due to curvature. Finally, it is shown that changes in the subgrid-scale model, as well as changes in the boundary conditions, have no strong effect on the results.

Type
Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 630 , 10 July 2009 , pp. 413 - 442
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2009

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Balaras, E., Benocci, C. & Piomelli, U. 1996 Two-layer approximate boundary conditions for large-eddy simulations. AIAA J. 34, 1111–1119.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bathurst, J. C., Thorne, C. R. & Hey, R. D. 1977 Direct measurements of secondary currents in river bends. Nature 269, 504–506.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blanckaert, K. & Graf, W. H. 2001 Mean flow and turbulence in open-channel bend. J. Hydr. Engng 127, II.1–II.13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blanckaert, K. & de Vriend, H. J. 2004 Secondary flow in sharp open-channel bends. J. Fluid Mech. 498, 353–380.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blanckaert, K. & de Vriend, H. J. 2005 Turbulence characteristics in sharp open-channel bends. Phys. Fluids 17, 055102.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blokland, T. 1985 Turbulence measurements in a curved flume (in Dutch). MSc thesis, Delft University of Technology.Google Scholar
Booij, R. 2003 Measurements and large-eddy simulations of the flows in some curved flumes. J. Turbulence 4, 1–17.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bradshaw, P. 1987 Turbulent secondary flows. Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech. 19, 53–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Broglia, R., Pascarelli, A. & Piomelli, U. 2003 Large-eddy simulations of ducts with a free surface. J. Fluid Mech. 484, 223–253.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brundett, E. & Baines, W. D. 1964 The production and diffusion of vorticity in duct flow. J. Fluid Mech. 19, 375–394.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Calhoun, R. J. & Street, R. L. 2001 Turbulent flow over a wavy surface: neutral case. J. Geoph. Res. 106, 9277–9293.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Demuren, A. O. & Rodi, W. 1984 Calculation of turbulence-driven secondary motion in non-circular ducts. J. Fluid Mech. 140, 189–222.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Einstein, H. A. & Harder, J. A. 1954 Velocity distribution and the boundary layer at channel bends. Trans. AGU 35, 114–120.Google Scholar
Germano, M., Piomelli, U., Moin, P. & Cabot, W. H. 1991 A dynamic subgrid-scale eddy viscosity model. Phys. Fluids A 3, 1760.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gessner, F. B. 1973 The origin of secondary flow in turbulent flow along a corner. J. Fluid Mech. 59, 1–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gessner, F. B. & Jones, J. B. 1965 On some aspects of fully developed turbulent flow in a rectangular channel. J. Fluid Mech. 23, 689–713.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gustafsson, I. 1978 A class of first order factorization methods. BIT 18, 142–156.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hicks, F. E., Jin, Y. C. & Steffler, P. M. 1990 Flow near sloped bank in curved channel. J. Hydr. Engng 116, 55–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kimura, I., Uijttewaal, W. S. J., van Balen, W. & Hosoda, T. 2008 Application of the nonlinear k – ϵ model for simulating curved open channel flows. In Proc. Riverflow 2008, pp. 99–108. Kubaba.Google Scholar
Koken, M. & Constantinescu, G. 2008 An investigation of the flow and scour mechanisms around isolated spur dikes in a shallow open channel: 2. Conditions corresponding to the final stages of the erosion and deposition process. Water Resour. Res. 44, W08407.Google Scholar
Lilly, D. K. 1992 A proposed modification of the germano subgrid-scale closure method. Phys. Fluids A 4, 633.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, K. & Pletcher, R. H. 2008 Anisotropy of a turbulent boundary layer. J. Turbulence 9, 1–18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lumley, J. 1978 Computational modelling of turbulent flows. Adv. Appl. Mech. 18, 123.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCoy, A., Constantinescu, G. & Weber, L. J. 2008 Numerical investigation of flow hydrodynamics in a channel with a series of groynes. J. Hydr. Engng 134, 157–172.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nezu, I. & Nakagawa, H. 1993 Turbulence in Open-Channel Flows. Balkema.Google Scholar
Pan, J. & Banerjee, S. 1995 A numerical study of free-surface turbulence in channel flow. Phys. Fluids 7, 1649–1664.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Perkins, H. J. 1970 The formation of streamwise vorticity in turbulent flow. J. Fluid Mech. 44, 721–740.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pope, S. B. 2000 Turbulent Flows. Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pourquié, M. J. B. M. 1994 Large-eddy simulation of a turbulent jet. PhD thesis, Delft University of Technology, Delft.Google Scholar
Rozovskii, I. L. 1957 Flow of water in bends of open channels. Acad. Sci. Ukraine SSR (Israeli Prog. Sci. Transl. 1961).Google Scholar
Schwarz, W. R. & Bradshaw, P. 1994 Turbulence structural changes for a three-dimensional turbulent boundary layer in a 30° bend. J. Fluid Mech. 272, 183–209.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shi, J., Thomas, T. G. & Williams, J. J. R. 2000 Free-surface effects in open channel flow at moderate Froude and Reynolds numbers. J. Hydr. Res. 38, 465–474.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shiono, K. & Muto, Y. 1998 Complex flow mechanisms in compound meandering channels with overbank flow. J. Fluid. Mech. 376, 221–261.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simonsen, A. J. & Krogstad, P. Å. 2005 Turbulent stress invariant analysis: clarification of existing terminology. Phys. Fluids 18, 088103.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Speziale, C. G. 1987 On nonlinear k – l and k – ϵ models of turbulence. J. Fluid Mech. 178, 459–475.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stoesser, T., Ruether, N. & Olsen, N. R. B. 2008 Near-bed flow behaviour in a meandering channel. In Proc. Riverflow 2008, pp. 793–799. Kubaba.Google Scholar
Tanner, W. 1963 Spiral flow in rivers, shallow seas, dust devils, and models. Science 139, 41–42.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tessicini, F., Iaccarino, G., Fatica, M., Wang, M. & Verzicco, R. 2002 Wall modelling for large-eddy simulation using an immersed boundary method. CTR Ann. Res. Briefs, pp. 181–187.Google Scholar
Thorne, C. R., Zevenbergen, L. W., Pitlick, J. C., Rais, S., Bradley, J. B. & Julien, P. Y. 1985 Direct measurements of secondary currents in a meandering sand-bed river. Nature 315, 746–747.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tominaga, A., Nagao, M. & Nezu, I. 1999 Flow structure and momentum transport processes in curved open-channels with vegetation. In Proc. 28th IAHR Congress, Graz, Austria. Institute for Hydraulics and Hydrology.Google Scholar
van der Vorst, H. A. 1992 Bi-cgstab: a fast and smoothly converging variant of bi-cg for the solution of nonsymmetric linear systems. SIAM J. Sci. Statist. Comput. 13, 631–644.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yang, S. Q. 2005 Interactions of boundary shear stress, secondary currents and velocity. Fluid Dyn. Res. 36, 121–136.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ye, J. & McCorquodale, J. A. 1998 Simulation of curved open-channel flows by 3d hydrodynamic model. J. Hydr. Engng 124, 687–698.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zeng, J., Constantinescu, G., Blanckaert, K. & Weber, L. 2008 Flow and bathymetry in sharp open-channel bends: experiments and predictions. Water Resour. Res. 44, W09401.CrossRefGoogle Scholar