Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-v9fdk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-19T23:55:13.542Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Kinematics and dynamics of pitching flexible panels in a quiescent fluid

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 July 2021

Parag Deshpande Open the ORCID record for Parag Deshpande [Opens in a new window]  and
Abhijeet Vishwasrao Open the ORCID record for Abhijeet Vishwasrao [Opens in a new window]
Parag Deshpande*
Affiliation:
UAV Design and Integration Division, CSIR-National Aerospace Laboratories, Bangalore560037, India
Abhijeet Vishwasrao
Affiliation:
Defence Institute of Advanced Technology, Department of Aerospace Engineering, Pune411025, India
*
†Email address for correspondence: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

An experimental investigation was carried out to understand the kinematics and dynamics of flexible panels having pure pitching motion in a quiescent fluid. Simultaneous measurements of force and angular position of a panel were performed for various panel configurations. A high-speed camera imaging technique was used to find the instantaneous position of the trailing edge. The wake vortex flow was also quantified using the particle image velocimetry technique (PIV). We established a generic correlation between a time-averaged thrust coefficient $C_T$ and an effective flexural stiffness $\varPi$ of the panel. The results in terms of both time and phase-evolution of hydrodynamic forces and torque are exhibited through the complete kinematics and dynamics of the pitching panels, perhaps for the first time. The elastic deformation of the flexible panel at stroke reversals is found to affect the longitudinal force generation significantly when compared with the rigid panel. We have described many interesting features related to the elastic deformation of the panel. During stroke reversal, the motion of the pitching for the flexible panels reduces when compared to the pitching motion imposed by the forcing function. Reduced panel motion is found to aid thrust generation for a longer time in a cycle for which magnitude is indirectly governed by the flexural stiffness of the panel. The onset of instantaneous thrust and trailing-edge vortex generation is found to match precisely with the spatio-temporal location of the panel inflection. We noted that both the maximum phase lag $\phi$ and corresponding hydrodynamic torque $T_{hyd}$ are strongly correlated to the panel's effective flexural stiffness $\varPi$.

JFM classification

Aerodynamics: Flow-structure interactions Biological Fluid Dynamics: Swimming/flying
Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 922 , 10 September 2021 , A13
Check for updates
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Anderson, J.M., Streitlien, K., Barrett, D.S. & Triantafyllou, H.S. 1998 Oscillating foils of high propulsive efficiency. J. Fluid Mech. 360 (5), 41–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buchholz, J.H.J. & Smits, A.J. 2008 The wake structure and thrust performance of a rigid low-aspect-ratio pitching panel. J. Fluid Mech. 613, 331–365.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coleman, D., Gakhar, K., Benedict, M., Tran, J. & Siroh, J. 2018 Aeromechanics analysis of a hummingbird-like flapping wing in hover. J. Aircraft 55 (6), 2282–2297.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Combes, S.A. & Daniel, T.L. 2001 Shape, flapping and flexion: wing and fin design for forward flight. J. Expl Biol. 204, 2073–2085.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Combes, S.A. & Daniel, T.L. 2003 Flexural stiffness in insect wings I. Scaling and the influence of wing venation. J. Expl Biol. 206 (17), 2979–2987.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Daniel, T.L. & Combes, S.A. 2002 Flexible wings and fins: bending by inertial or fluid-dynamic forces. Integr. Comput. Biol. 42, 1044–1049.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
David, J.M., Govardhan, R.N. & Arakeri, J.H. 2017 Thrust generation from pitching foils with flexible trailing edge flaps. J. Fluid Mech. 828, 70–103.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deshpande, P.J. & Modani, A. 2019 Experimental investigation of fluid-structure interaction in a bird-like flapping wing. J. Fluids Struct. 91, 102712.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dewey, P.A., Boschitsch, B.M., Moored, K.W., Stone, H.A. & Smits, A.J. 2013 Scaling laws for the thrust production of flexible pitching panels. J. Fluid Mech. 732, 29–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Green, M.A. & Smits, A.J. 2008 Effects of three-dimensionality on thrust production by a pitching panel. J. Fluid Mech. 615, 211–220.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Heathcote, S. & Gursul, I. 2007 Flexible flapping airfoil propulsion at low Reynolds numbers. AIAA J. 45 (5), 1066–1079.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heathcote, S., Wang, Z. & Gursul, I. 2008 Effect of spanwise flexibility on flapping wing propulsion. J. Fluids Struct. 24, 183–199.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kang, C.-K., Aono, H., Cesnik, C.E.S. & Shyy, W. 2011 Effects of flexibility on the aerodynamic performance of flapping wings. J. Fluid Mech. 689, 32–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lauder, G.V., Anderson, E.J., Tangorra, J. & Madden, P.G.A. 2007 Fish biorobotics: kinematics and hydrodynamics of self-propulsion. J. Expl Biol. 210, 2767–2780.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Marais, C., Wesfreid, J.E. & Godoy-Diana, R. 2012 Stabilizing effect of flexibility in the wake of a flapping foil. J. Fluid Mech. 710, 659–669.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Massey, K., Flick, A. & Jadhav, G. 2009 Force measurements and flow visualization for a flexible flapping wing mechanism. 47th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting Including The New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition, AIAA Paper 2009-877.Google Scholar
Moore, N.M.J. 2014 Analytical results on the role of flexibility in flapping propulsion. J. Fluid Mech. 757, 599–612.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Percin, M., Hu, Y., Van Oudheusden, B.W., Remes, B. & Scarano, F. 2011 Wing flexibility effects in clap-and-fling. Intl J. Micro Air Veh. 3 (4), 217–227.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Quinn, D.B., Lauder, G.V. & Smits, A.J. 2014 Scaling the propulsive performance of heaving flexible panels. J. Fluid Mech. 738, 250–267.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Quinn, D.B., Lauder, G.V. & Smits, A.J. 2015 Maximizing the efficiency of a flexible propulsor using experimental optimization. J. Fluid Mech. 767, 430–448.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ramananarivo, S., Godoy-Diana, R. & Thiria, B. 2011 Rather than resonance, flapping wing flyers may play on aerodynamics to improve performance. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 108, 5964–5969.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ramananarivo, S., Godoy-Diana, R. & Thiria, B. 2012 Passive elastic mechanism to mimic fish-muscle action in anguilliform swimming. J. Fluid Mech. 710, 659–669.Google Scholar
Sane, S.P. & Dickinson, M.H. 2002 The aerodynamic effects of wing rotation and a revised quasi-steady model of flapping flight. J. Expl Biol. 205 (8), 1087–1096.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shinde, S.Y. & Arakeri, J.H. 2014 Flexibility in flapping foil suppresses meandering of induced jet in absence of free stream. J. Fluid Mech. 757, 231–250.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shkarayev, S. & Rajeev, K. 2014 Instantaneous forces in locust flapping wings. In Proceedings of 32nd AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smits, A.J. 2019 Undulatory and oscillatory swimming. J. Fluid Mech. 874, P1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vanella, M., Fitzgerald, T., Preidikman, S., Balara, E. & Balachandran, B. 2009 Influence of flexibility on the aerodynamic performance of a hovering wing. J. Expl Biol. 212, 95–105.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wu, P., Stanford, B.K., Saillstrom, J., Ukeiley, L. & Ifju, P.G. 2011 Structural dynamics and aerodynamics measurements of biologically inspired flexible flapping wings. Bioinspir. Biomim. 6, 016009.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wu, X., Zhang, X., Tian, X., Li, X. & Lu, W. 2020 A review on fluid dynamics of flapping foils. Ocean Engng 195, 106712.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhang, J., Liu, N.-S. & Lu, X.-Y. 2010 Locomotion of a passively flapping flat plate. J. Fluid Mech. 659 (5), 43–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhao, L., Huang, Q., Deng, X. & Sane, S.P. 2010 Aerodynamic effects of flexibility in flapping wings. J. R. Soc. Interface 7, 485–497.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zhu, R., Wang, J., Lewis, G., Zhu, J., Dong, H., Bart-Smith, H., Wainwright, D. & Lauder, G. 2017 Propulsive performance of pitching panels with bio-inspired passive directional flexibility. 47th AIAA Fluid Dynamics Conference, AIAA Paper 2017-3980.Google Scholar

Deshpande and Vishwasrao supplementary movie 1

Panel B3

Download Deshpande and Vishwasrao supplementary movie 1(Video)
Video 41.8 MB

Deshpande and Vishwasrao supplementary movie 2

Panel C3

Download Deshpande and Vishwasrao supplementary movie 2(Video)
Video 25.8 MB

Deshpande and Vishwasrao supplementary movie 3

Panel D3

Download Deshpande and Vishwasrao supplementary movie 3(Video)
Video 25.6 MB