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Hydrodynamic ejection caused by laser-induced optical breakdown

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 February 2020

Jonathan M. Wang ,
David A. Buchta Open the ORCID record for David A. Buchta [Opens in a new window]  and
Jonathan B. Freund Open the ORCID record for Jonathan B. Freund [Opens in a new window]
Jonathan M. Wang
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
David A. Buchta
Affiliation:
The Center for Exascale Simulation of Plasma-coupled Combustion, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA
Jonathan B. Freund*
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
*
†Email address for correspondence: [email protected]
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Abstract

A focused laser can cause local optical breakdown of a gas, which leads to rapid deposition of energy into a high-temperature plasma kernel that expands and induces a complex flow. For some conditions, hot gas is rapidly ejected along the laser axis up to distances several times the kernel size, with a particularly curious feature: relatively small changes in, for example, initial pressure can cause the direction of this ejection to reverse. Detailed axisymmetric simulations of a model energy kernel in an inert gas provide a hydrodynamic description of this phenomenon, reproducing key observations in corresponding experiments, including the vortex-ring-like features that constitute the ejection. These simulations are analysed to show how changes in the early-time kernel can lead to ejection or its reversal via alteration in the relative strength and position of the vorticity produced. A corresponding semi-infinite geometry is used to isolate two mechanisms: vorticity production by the generated shock and by baroclinic torque at the kernel boundary. Dependence on the initial kernel asymmetry is quantified, as it ultimately determines whether the vorticity, upon its subsequent evolution, develops into the ring-like structure that ejects. Even simple elongation of the energy kernel alone can reverse the direction.

JFM classification

Compressible Flows: Compressible Flows Vortex Flows: Vortex Flows
Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 888 , 10 April 2020 , A16
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

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