Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-dh8gc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-17T21:28:37.690Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Flow modulation by a few fixed spherical particles in a turbulent channel flow

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 December 2019

Cheng Peng ,
Orlando M. Ayala  and
Lian-Ping Wang Open the ORCID record for Lian-Ping Wang [Opens in a new window]
Cheng Peng
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE19716, USA
Orlando M. Ayala
Affiliation:
Department of Engineering Technology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA23529, USA
Lian-Ping Wang*
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE19716, USA Center for Complex Flows and Soft Matter Research and Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen518055, Guangdong, China
*
†Email addresses for correspondence: [email protected], [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Current understanding of turbulence modulation by solid particles is incomplete as making reliable predictions on the nature and level of modulation remains a challenging task. Multiple modulation mechanisms may be simultaneously induced by particles, but the lack of reliable methods to identify these mechanisms and quantify their effects hinders a complete understanding of turbulence modulation. In this work, we present a full analysis of the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) equation for a turbulent channel flow laden with a few fixed particles near the channel walls, in order to investigate how the wall generated turbulence interacts with the particles and how, as a result, the global turbulence statistics are modified. All terms in the budget equations of total and component-wise TKEs are explicitly computed using the data from direct numerical simulations. Particles are found to modify turbulence by two competing mechanisms: the reduction of the intrinsic turbulence production associated with a reduced mean shear due to the resistance imposed by solid particles (the first mechanism), and an additional TKE production mechanism by displacing incoming fluid (the second mechanism). The distribution of TKE in the wall-normal direction is also made more homogeneous due to the significantly enhanced pressure transport of TKE. Finally, the budget analysis of component-wise TKE reveals an enhanced inter-component TKE transfer due to the presence of particles, which leads to a more isotropic distribution of TKE among three velocity components.

JFM classification

Multiphase and Particle-laden Flows: Particle/fluid flow Turbulent Flows: Turbulence simulation
Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 884 , 10 February 2020 , A15
Copyright
© 2019 Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Balachandar, S. & Eaton, J. K. 2010 Turbulent dispersed multiphase flow. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 42, 111–133.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bellani, G., Byron, M. L., Collignon, A. G., Meyer, C. R. & Variano, E. A. 2012 Shape effects on turbulent modulation by large nearly neutrally buoyant particles. J. Fluid Mech. 712, 41–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Botto, L. & Prosperetti, A. 2012 A fully resolved numerical simulation of turbulent flow past one or several spherical particles. Phys. Fluids 24 (1), 013303.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bouzidi, M., Firdaouss, M. & Lallemand, P. 2001 Momentum transfer of a Boltzmann-lattice fluid with boundaries. Phys. Fluids 13 (11), 3452–3459.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Burton, T. M. & Eaton, J. K. 2005 Fully resolved simulations of particle-turbulence interaction. J. Fluid Mech. 545, 67–111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cisse, M., Saw, E.-W., Gibert, M., Bodenschatz, E. & Bec, J. 2015 Turbulence attenuation by large neutrally buoyant particles. Phys. Fluids 27 (6), 061702.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
du Cluzeau, A., Bois, G. & Toutant, A. 2019 Analysis and modelling of Reynolds stresses in turbulent bubbly up-flows from direct numerical simulations. J. Fluid Mech. 866, 132–168.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Costa, P., Picano, F., Brandt, L. & Breugem, W.-P. 2016 Universal scaling laws for dense particle suspensions in turbulent wall-bounded flows. Phys. Rev. Lett. 117 (13), 134501.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Crowe, C. T., Schwarzkopf, J. D., Sommerfeld, M. & Tsuji, Y. 2011 Multiphase Flows with Droplets and Particles. CRC Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eaton, J. K. 2009 Two-way coupled turbulence simulations of gas-particle flows using point-particle tracking. Intl J. Multiphase Flow 35 (9), 792–800.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elghobashi, S. & Truesdell, G. C. 1993 On the two-way interaction between homogeneous turbulence and dispersed solid particles. Part I. Turbulence modification. Phys. Fluids A 5 (7), 1790–1801.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eshghinejadfard, A., Abdelsamie, A., Hosseini, S. A. & Thévenin, D. 2017 Immersed boundary lattice Boltzmann simulation of turbulent channel flows in the presence of spherical particles. Intl J. Multiphase Flow 96, 161–172.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Feng, Z.-G. & Michaelides, E. E. 2005 Proteus: a direct forcing method in the simulations of particulate flows. J. Comput. Phys. 202 (1), 20–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fornari, W., Formenti, A., Picano, F. & Brandt, L. 2016 The effect of particle density in turbulent channel flow laden with finite size particles in semi-dilute conditions. Phys. Fluids 28 (3), 033301.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fornari, W., Kazerooni, H. T., Hussong, J. & Brandt, L. 2018 Suspensions of finite-size neutrally buoyant spheres in turbulent duct flow. J. Fluid Mech. 851, 148–186.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gao, H., Li, H. & Wang, L.-P. 2013 Lattice Boltzmann simulation of turbulent flow laden with finite-size particles. Comput. Maths Applics. 65 (2), 194–210.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gore, R. A. & Crowe, C. T. 1989 Effect of particle size on modulating turbulent intensity. Intl J. Multiphase Flow 15 (2), 279–285.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gupta, A., Clercx, H. J. H. & Toschi, F. 2018 Computational study of radial particle migration and stresslet distributions in particle-laden turbulent pipe flow. Eur. Phys. J. E 41 (10), 116.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
d’Humières, D., Ginzburg, I., Krafczyk, M., Lallemand, P. & Luo, L.-S. 2002 Multiple-relaxation-time lattice Boltzmann models in three-dimensions. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A 360, 437–451.Google ScholarPubMed
Jones, D. A. & Clarke, D. B.2008 Simulation of flow past a sphere using the fluent code. Tech. Rep. Defense Science and Technology Organization Victoria (Australia) Maritime Platforms Div.Google Scholar
Kajishima, T., Takiguchi, S., Hamasaki, H. & Miyake, Y. 2001 Turbulence structure of particle-laden flow in a vertical plane channel due to vortex shedding. JSME Intl J. B 44 (4), 526–535.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kataoka, I. & Serizawa, A. 1989 Basic equations of turbulence in gas–liquid two-phase flow. Intl J. Multiphase Flow 15 (5), 843–855.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kim, J., Moin, P. & Moser, R. D. 1987 Turbulence statistics in fully developed channel flow at low Reynolds number. J. Fluid Mech. 177, 133–166.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kulick, J. D., Fessler, J. R. & Eaton, J. K. 1994 Particle response and turbulence modification in fully developed channel flow. J. Fluid Mech. 277, 109–134.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kussin, J. & Sommerfeld, M. 2002 Experimental studies on particle behaviour and turbulence modification in horizontal channel flow with different wall roughness. Exp. Fluids 33 (1), 143–159.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ladd, A. J. C. 1994 Numerical simulations of particulate suspensions via a discretized Boltzmann equation. Part 1. Theoretical foundation. J. Fluid Mech. 271 (1), 285–309.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, Y., McLaughlin, J. B., Kontomaris, K. & Portela, L. 2001 Numerical simulation of particle-laden turbulent channel flow. Phys. Fluids 13 (10), 2957–2967.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lin, Z., Yu, Z., Shao, X. & Wang, L.-P. 2017 Effects of finite-size neutrally buoyant particles on the turbulent flows in a square duct. Phys. Fluids 29 (10), 103304.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lou, Q., Guo, Z. & Shi, B. 2013 Evaluation of outflow boundary conditions for two-phase lattice Boltzmann equation. Phys. Rev. E 87 (6), 063301.Google ScholarPubMed
Lucci, F., Ferrante, A. & Elghobashi, S. 2010 Modulation of isotropic turbulence by particles of taylor length-scale size. J. Fluid Mech. 650, 5–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maxey, M. R. 2017 Simulation methods for particulate flows and concentrated suspensions. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 49, 171–193.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moser, R. D., Kim, J. & Mansour, N. N. 1999 Direct numerical simulation of turbulent channel flow up to re 𝜏 = 590. Phys. Fluids 11 (4), 943–945.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pan, Y. & Banerjee, S. 1997 Numerical investigation of the effects of large particles on wall-turbulence. Phys. Fluids 9 (12), 3786–3807.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paris, A. D.2001 Turbulence attenuation in a particle-laden channel flow. PhD thesis, Stanford University, Stanford, CA.Google Scholar
Peng, C., Ayala, O. M. & Wang, L.-P. 2019a A comparative study of immersed boundary method and interpolated bounce-back scheme for no-slip boundary treatment in the lattice Boltzmann method. Part I. Laminar flows. Comput. Fluids 192, 104233.Google Scholar
Peng, C., Ayala, O. M. & Wang, L.-P. 2019b A direct numerical investigation of two-way interactions in a particle-laden turbulent channel flow. J. Fluid Mech. 875, 1096–1144.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peng, C., Guo, Z. & Wang, L.-P. 2017 Lattice Boltzmann model capable of mesoscopic vorticity computation. Phys. Rev. E 96, 053304.Google ScholarPubMed
Peng, C. & Wang, L.-P. 2019 Direct numerical simulations of turbulent pipe flow laden with finite-size neutrally buoyant particles at low flow Reynolds number. Acta Mechanica 230 (2), 517–539.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Picano, F., Breugem, W.-P. & Brandt, L. 2015 Turbulent channel flow of dense suspensions of neutrally buoyant spheres. J. Fluid Mech. 764, 463–487.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pringle, C. C. T., Willis, A. P. & Kerswell, R. R. 2012 Minimal seeds for shear flow turbulence: using nonlinear transient growth to touch the edge of chaos. J. Fluid Mech. 702, 415–443.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Prosperetti, A. & Tryggvason, G. 2009 Computational Methods for Multiphase Flow. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Rabin, S. M. E., Caulfield, C. P. & Kerswell, R. R. 2012 Triggering turbulence efficiently in plane Couette flow. J. Fluid Mech. 712, 244–272.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Santarelli, C., Roussel, J. & Fröhlich, J. 2016 Budget analysis of the turbulent kinetic energy for bubbly flow in a vertical channel. Chem. Engng Sci. 141, 46–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shao, X., Wu, T. & Yu, Z. 2012 Fully resolved numerical simulation of particle-laden turbulent flow in a horizontal channel at a low Reynolds number. J. Fluid Mech. 693, 319–344.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Squires, K. D. & Eaton, J. K. 1990 Particle response and turbulence modification in isotropic turbulence. Phys. Fluids A 2 (7), 1191–1203.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tanaka, M. & Teramoto, D. 2015 Modulation of homogeneous shear turbulence laden with finite-size particles. J. Turbul. 16 (10), 979–1010.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tanaka, T. & Eaton, J. K. 2008 Classification of turbulence modification by dispersed spheres using a novel dimensionless number. Phys. Rev. Lett. 101 (11), 114502.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ten Cate, A., Derksen, J. J., Portela, L. M. & Van Den Akker, H. E. A. 2004 Fully resolved simulations of colliding monodisperse spheres in forced isotropic turbulence. J. Fluid Mech. 519, 233–271.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Uhlmann, M. 2008 Interface-resolved direct numerical simulation of vertical particulate channel flow in the turbulent regime. Phys. Fluids 20 (5), 053305.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vreman, A. W. 2016 Particle-resolved direct numerical simulation of homogeneous isotropic turbulence modified by small fixed spheres. J. Fluid Mech. 796, 40–85.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vreman, A. W. & Kuerten, J. G. M. 2018 Turbulent channel flow past a moving array of spheres. J. Fluid Mech. 856, 580–632.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, L.-P., Peng, C., Guo, Z. & Yu, Z. 2016a Flow modulation by finite-size neutrally buoyant particles in a turbulent channel flow. J. Fluids Engng 138 (4), 041306.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, L.-P., Peng, C., Guo, Z. & Yu, Z. 2016b Lattice Boltzmann simulation of particle-laden turbulent channel flow. Comput. Fluids 124, 226–236.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wu, J. & Shu, C. 2009 Implicit velocity correction-based immersed boundary-lattice Boltzmann method and its applications. J. Comput. Phys. 228 (6), 1963–1979.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wu, T., Shao, X. & Yu, Z. 2011 Fully resolved numerical simulation of turbulent pipe flows laden with large neutrally-buoyant particles. J. Hydrodyn. 23 (1), 21–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Xu, Y. & Subramaniam, S. 2010 Effect of particle clusters on carrier flow turbulence: a direct numerical simulation study. Flow Turbul. Combust. 85 (3), 735–761.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yong, W.-A., Luo, L.-S. et al. 2012 Accuracy of the viscous stress in the lattice Boltzmann equation with simple boundary conditions. Phys. Rev. E 86 (6), 065701.Google ScholarPubMed
Yu, Z., Lin, Z., Shao, X. & Wang, L.-P. 2017 Effects of particle-fluid density ratio on the interactions between the turbulent channel flow and finite-size particles. Phys. Rev. E 96 (3), 033102.Google ScholarPubMed
Zeng, L., Balachandar, S., Fischer, P. & Najjar, F. 2008 Interactions of a stationary finite-sized particle with wall turbulence. J. Fluid Mech. 594, 271–305.CrossRefGoogle Scholar