Hostname: page-component-745bb68f8f-b95js Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-02-11T11:14:35.475Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Experimental studies on the onset of thermohaline convection

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 March 2006

Douglas R. Caldwell
Douglas R. Caldwell
Affiliation:
School of Oceanography, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Measurements of the heat flux and temperature gradient in a layer of saline solution stably stratified by Soret diffusion and heated from below exhibit the onset of convection by the growth of very small oscillations which eventually trigger finite amplitude convection. The critical Rayleigh numbers and periods of oscillation are consistent with published theoretical calculations. Several non-linear modes are observed, even for the same heat flux, near the point of onset.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 64 , Issue 2 , 19 June 1974 , pp. 347 - 368
Copyright
© 1974 Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Baines, P. G. & Gill, A. E. 1969 On thermohaline convection with linear gradients. J. Fluid Mech. 37, 289–306.Google Scholar
Busse, F. H. 1967 Non-stationary finite amplitude convection. J. Fluid Mech. 28, 223–239.Google Scholar
Caldwell, D. R. 1970 Non-linear effects in a Rayleigh—Bénard experiment. J. Fluid Mech. 42, 161–175.Google Scholar
Caldwell, D. R. 1973a Thermal and Fickian diffusion in NaCl of oceanic concentration. Deep-Sea Res. 20, 1029–1039.Google Scholar
Caldwell, D. R. 1973b Measurement of negative thermal diffusion coefficients by observing the onset of thermohaline convection. J. Phys. Chem. 77, 2004–2008.Google Scholar
Chanu, J. 1958 Étude de l’effet Soret dans les solutions ioniques. J. Chim. Phys. 55, 743–753.Google Scholar
Davis, S. H. 1964 Dissertation, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York.
De Groot, S. R. & Mazur, P. 1962 Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics. North-Holland.
Hurle, D. T. J. & Jakeman, E. 1971 Soret-driven thermosolutal convection. J. Fluid Mech. 47, 667–687.Google Scholar
Hurle, D. T. J. & Jakeman, E. 1973 Natural oscillations in heated fluid layers. Phys. Lett. A 43, 127–130.Google Scholar
Krishnamurti, R. 1968 Finite amplitude convection with changing mean temperature. J. Fluid Mech. 33, 445–455.Google Scholar
Legros, J. C., Platten, J. K. & Poty, P. G. 1972 Stability of a two-component fluid layer heated from below. Phys. Fluids, 15, 1383–1390.Google Scholar
Legros, J. C., Rasse, D. & Thomaes, G. 1970 Convection and thermal diffusion in a solution heated from below. Chem. Phys. Lett. 4, 632–634.Google Scholar
Platten, J. K. & Chavepeyer, G. 1972 Soret driven instability. Phys. Fluids, 15, 1555–1557.Google Scholar
Price, C. D. 1961 Thermal diffusion in solutions of electrolytes. Tech. Rep. U.S.A.F. Contract, no. AF(052)-99.Google Scholar
Richardson, J. L. 1965 Investigation of thermal diffusion for saline water conversion. U.S. Office of Saline Water. Rep. no. 211.Google Scholar
Shirtcliffe, T. G. L. 1967 Thermosolutal convection: observation of an overstable mode. Nature, 213, 489–490.Google Scholar
Shirtcliffe, T. G. L. 1969 An experimental investigation of thermosolutal convection at marginal stability. J. Fluid Mech. 35, 677–688.Google Scholar
Turner, J. S. 1965 The coupled transports of salt and heat across a sharp density interface, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 8, 759–767.Google Scholar
Velarde, M. G. & Schechter, R. S. 1972 Thermal diffusion and convective stability. II. An analysis of the convected fluxes, Phys. Fluids, 15, 1707–1714.Google Scholar
Veronis, G. 1965 On finite amplitude instability in thermohaline convection. J. Mar. Res. 23, 1–17.Google Scholar
Veronis, G. 1968 Effect of a stabilizing gradient of solute on thermal convection. J. Fluid Mech. 34, 315–336.Google Scholar