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Evaporating pure, binary and ternary droplets: thermal effects and axial symmetry breaking

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 June 2017

Christian Diddens Open the ORCID record for Christian Diddens [Opens in a new window] ,
Huanshu Tan ,
Pengyu Lv ,
Michel Versluis ,
J. G. M. Kuerten ,
Xuehua Zhang  and
Detlef Lohse Open the ORCID record for Detlef Lohse [Opens in a new window]
Christian Diddens*
Affiliation:
Physics of Fluids group, Department of Science and Technology, Mesa+ Institute, and J. M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
Huanshu Tan
Affiliation:
Physics of Fluids group, Department of Science and Technology, Mesa+ Institute, and J. M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
Pengyu Lv
Affiliation:
Physics of Fluids group, Department of Science and Technology, Mesa+ Institute, and J. M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
Michel Versluis
Affiliation:
Physics of Fluids group, Department of Science and Technology, Mesa+ Institute, and J. M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
J. G. M. Kuerten
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands Faculty EEMCS, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
Xuehua Zhang
Affiliation:
Physics of Fluids group, Department of Science and Technology, Mesa+ Institute, and J. M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands Soft Matter & Interfaces Group, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
Detlef Lohse*
Affiliation:
Physics of Fluids group, Department of Science and Technology, Mesa+ Institute, and J. M. Burgers Centre for Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, Am Faßberg 17, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
*
†Email addresses for correspondence: [email protected], [email protected]
†Email addresses for correspondence: [email protected], [email protected]
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Abstract

The Greek aperitif Ouzo is not only famous for its specific anise-flavoured taste, but also for its ability to turn from a transparent miscible liquid to a milky-white coloured emulsion when water is added. Recently, it has been shown that this so-called Ouzo effect, i.e. the spontaneous emulsification of oil microdroplets, can also be triggered by the preferential evaporation of ethanol in an evaporating sessile Ouzo drop, leading to an amazingly rich drying process with multiple phase transitions (Tan et al., Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, vol. 113 (31), 2016, pp. 8642–8647). Due to the enhanced evaporation near the contact line, the nucleation of oil droplets starts at the rim which results in an oil ring encircling the drop. Furthermore, the oil droplets are advected through the Ouzo drop by a fast solutal Marangoni flow. In this article, we investigate the evaporation of mixture droplets in more detail, by successively increasing the mixture complexity from pure water over a binary water–ethanol mixture to the ternary Ouzo mixture (water, ethanol and anise oil). In particular, axisymmetric and full three-dimensional finite element method simulations have been performed on these droplets to discuss thermal effects and the complicated flow in the droplet driven by an interplay of preferential evaporation, evaporative cooling and solutal and thermal Marangoni flow. By using image analysis techniques and micro-particle-image-velocimetry measurements, we are able to compare the numerically predicted volume evolutions and velocity fields with experimental data. The Ouzo droplet is furthermore investigated by confocal microscopy. It is shown that the oil ring predominantly emerges due to coalescence.

JFM classification

Phase change: Condensation/evaporation Drops and Bubbles: Drops Convection: Marangoni convection
Type
Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 823 , 25 July 2017 , pp. 470 - 497
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Copyright
© 2017 Cambridge University Press 

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Diddens et al. supplementary movie

Simulation of the pure water droplet (figure 3)

Download Diddens et al. supplementary movie(Video)
Video 25.5 MB

Diddens et al. supplementary movie

Simulation of the binary water-ethanol droplet (figure 4)

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Video 48.4 MB

Diddens et al. supplementary movie

Simulation of the ternary Ouzo droplet (figure 6)

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Video 70.3 MB

Diddens et al. supplementary movie

Velocity in the water-ethanol droplet obtained by the micro-PIV technique (figure 9(a-f))

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Video 70.7 MB

Diddens et al. supplementary movie

Ethanol concentration at the interface and velocity near the substrate in the water-ethanol droplet obtained by numerical simulation (figure 8, figure 9(g-l))

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Video 88.8 MB

Diddens et al. supplementary movie

Flow in the ternary Ouzo droplet by visualizing the oil microdroplets via confocal microscopy (figure 11)

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Video 67.5 MB

Diddens et al. supplementary movie

Behavior of the oil microdroplets at the rim and on the substrate by confocal microscopy (figure 12)

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Video 71 MB