Hostname: page-component-745bb68f8f-kw2vx Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-01-09T21:51:34.023Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Direct measurements of slip in sheared polymer solutions

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 April 2006

L. A. Archer ,
R. G. Larson  and
Y.-L. Chen
L. A. Archer
Affiliation:
Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3122, USA
R. G. Larson
Affiliation:
AT&T Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJ 07974, USA
Y.-L. Chen
Affiliation:
Kelco, 8225 Aero Drive, San Diego, CA 92123-1718, USA
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

We report direct measurements of slip flow during and after plane-Couette shearing of poly(styrene) solutions between glass surfaces. Slip is studied by visualizing the microscopic motions of micron-sized silica spheres suspended in the solutions. Slip velocities as large as 4 μm s−1 are observed during shear, and recoil displacements of as much as 80 μm are observed at the glass surfaces after the driving surface stops moving. Significant slip is observed when the Weissenberg number $\lambda\dot{\gamma}$ exceeds 0.5 or so, where λ is the relaxation time and $\dot{\gamma}$ the shear rate. The magnitude of the slip correlates strongly with the fluid's birefringence, indicating that slip is induced by polymer stress or orientation. Away from the centre of the sample, toward the free edges, a secondary flow is observed, which appears to be driven by a normal-stress imbalance at these edges.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 301 , 25 October 1995 , pp. 133 - 151
Copyright
© 1995 Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Archer, L. A., Chen, Y.-L. & Larson, R. G. 1995 Delayed slip after step strains in highly entangled polystyrene solutions. J. Rheol 39, 519–525.Google Scholar
Archer, L. A. & Larson, R. G. 1995 Slip flow in bulk viscous liquids. Rheol. Acta (submitted).Google Scholar
Benbow, J. J. & Lamb, P. 1963 New aspects of melt fracture. Soc. Petrol. Engrs Trans. 3, 7–17.Google Scholar
Blake, T. 1990 Slip between a liquid and a solid: D. M. Tolstoi's (1952) theory reconsidered. Colloids Surfaces 47, 135–145.Google Scholar
Blyler, L. L. & Hart, A. C. 1970 Capillary flow instability of ethylene polymer melts. Polymer. Engng Sci. 10, 193–203.Google Scholar
Brochard, F. & Gennes, P. G. de 1992 Shear-dependent slippage at a polymer/solid interface. Langmuir 8, 3033–3037.Google Scholar
Chen, C. J. & Emrich, R. J. 1963 Investigation of the shock-tube boundary layer by a tracer method. Phys. Fluids 6, 1–9.Google Scholar
Chen, Y.-L., Larson, R. G. & Patel, S. S. 1994 Shear fracture of polystyrene melts and solutions. Rheol. Acta 33, 243–257.Google Scholar
Churaev, N. V., Sobolev, V. D. & Somov, A. N. 1984 Slippage of liquids over lyophobic solid surfaces. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 97, 574–581.Google Scholar
Demarquette, N. R. & Dealy, J. M. 1992 Nonlinear viscoelasticity of concentrated polystyrene solutions: sliding plate rheometer studies. J. Rheol 36, 1007–1032.Google Scholar
Ferry, J. D. 1980 Viscoelastic Properties of Polymers, 3rd edn. John Wiley & Sons.
Fuller, G. G. 1990 Optical rheometry. Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech. 22, 384–400.Google Scholar
Galt, J. C. & Maxwell, B. 1964 Velocity profiles for polyethylene melts. Modern Plastics 42, 115–189.Google Scholar
Giesekus, V. H. 1965 Sekundarstromungen in viskoelastischen flussigkeiten bei stationarer und periodischer bewegung. Rheol. Acta 4, 85–101.Google Scholar
Hatzikiriakos, S. G. & Dealy, J. M. 1991 Wall slip of molten high density polyethylene. I. Sliding plate rheometer studies. J. Rheol. 35, 497–523.Google Scholar
Hatzikiriakos, S. G. & Dealy, J. M. 1992a Wall slip of molten high density polyethylene. II. Capillary rheometer studies. J. Rheol. 36, 703–741.Google Scholar
Hatzikiriakos, S. G. & Dealy, J. M. 1992b Role of slip and fracture in the oscillating flow of HDPE in a capillary. J. Rheol. 36, 845–884.Google Scholar
Johnson, S. J., Frattini, P. L. & Fuller, G. G. 1985 Simultaneous dichroism and birefringence measurements of dilute colloidal suspensions in transient shear flow. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 104, 440–455.Google Scholar
Kalika, D. S. & Denn, M. M. 1987 Wall slip and extrudate distortion in linear low-density polyethylene. J. Rheol. 31, 815–834.Google Scholar
Koran, F. 1994 M. Eng. dissertation, Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal
Larson, R. G. 1992a Instabilities in viscoelastic flows. Rheol Acta 31, 213–263.Google Scholar
Larson, R. G.1992b Flow-inducing mixing, demixing, and phase transitions in polymeric fluids. Rheol Acta 31, 497–520.Google Scholar
Larson, R. G., Khan, S. A. & Raju, V. R. 1988 Relaxation of stress and birefringence in polymers of high molecular weight. J. Rehol. 32, 145–161.Google Scholar
Larson, R. G. & Mead, D. 1992 Development of orientation and texture during shearing of liquid crystalline polymers. Liq. Cryst. 12, 751–768.Google Scholar
Lim, F. J. & Schowalter, W. R. 1989 Wall slip of narrow molecular weight distribution polybutadienes. J. Rheol. 33, 1359–1382.Google Scholar
Magda, J. J., Lee, C.-S., Muller, S. J. & Larson, R. G. 1993 Rheology, flow instabilities, and shear-induced diffusion in polystyrene solutions. Macromolecules 26, 1696–1706.Google Scholar
Migler, K. B., Hervet, H. & Leger, L. 1993 Slip transition of a polymer melt under shear stress. Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 287–290.Google Scholar
Otter, J. L. den, Wales, J. L. S. & Schiif, J. 1967 The velocity profiles of molten polymers during laminar flow. Rheol. Acta 6, 205–209.Google Scholar
Piau, J. M., El Kissi, N. & Tremblay, B. 1990 Influence of upstream instabilities and wall slip on melt fracture and sharkskin phenomena during silicones extrusion through orifice dies. J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech. 34, 145–180.Google Scholar
Prieve, D. C., Jhon, M. S. & Koenig, T. L. 1985 Anomalous migration of a rigid sphere in torsional flow of a viscoelastic fluid. II Effect of shear rate. J. Rheol. 29, 639–654.Google Scholar
Ramamurthy, A. V. 1986 Wall slip in viscous fluids and influence of materials of construction. J. Rheol. 30, 337–357.Google Scholar
Reiter, G., Demirel, A. L. & Granick, S. 1994 From static to kinetic friction in confined films. Science 263, 1741–1744.Google Scholar
alsten, Van J. & Granick, S. 1988 Molecular tribology of ultra thin liquid films. Phys. Rev. Lett. 61, 2570–2573.Google Scholar