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Compressibility effects on the structural evolution of transitional high-speed planar wakes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 April 2016

Jean-Pierre Hickey ,
Fazle Hussain  and
Xiaohua Wu
Jean-Pierre Hickey*
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, Ontario K7K 7B4, Canada
Fazle Hussain
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, USA
Xiaohua Wu
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, Ontario K7K 7B4, Canada
*
†Present address: Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada. Email address for correspondence: [email protected]
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Abstract

The compressibility effects on the structural evolution of the transitional high-speed planar wake are studied. The relative Mach number ($Ma_{r}$) of the laminar base flow modifies two fundamental features of planar wake transition: (i) the characteristic length scale defined by the most unstable linear mode; and (ii) the domain of influence of the structures within the staggered two-dimensional vortex array. Linear stability results reveal a reduced growth (approximately 30 % reduction up to $Ma_{r}=2.0$) and a quasilinear increase of the wavelength of the most unstable, two-dimensional instability mode (approximately 20 % longer over the same $Ma_{r}$ range) with increasing $Ma$. The primary wavelength defines the length scale imposed on the emerging transitional structures; naturally, a longer wavelength results in rollers with a greater streamwise separation and hence also larger circulation. A reduction of the growth rate and an increase of the principal wavelength results in a greater ellipticity of the emerging rollers. Compressibility effects also modify the domain of influence of the transitional structures through an increased cross-wake and inhibited streamwise communication as characteristic paths between rollers are deflected due to local $Ma$ gradients. The reduced streamwise domain of influence impedes roller pairing and, for a sufficiently large relative $Ma$, pairing is completely suppressed. Thus, we observe an increased two-dimensionality with increasing Mach number: directly contrasting the increasing three-dimensional effects in high-speed mixing layers. Temporally evolving direct numerical simulations conducted at $Ma=0.8$ and 2.0, for Reynolds numbers up to 3000, support the physical insight gained from linear stability and vortex dynamics studies.

JFM classification

Turbulent Flows: Compressible turbulence Instability: Transition to turbulence Wakes/Jets: Wakes
Type
Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 796 , 10 June 2016 , pp. 5 - 39
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© 2016 Cambridge University Press 

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