Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-g8jcs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T00:36:25.025Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Characteristics of turbulent square duct flows over porous media

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 December 2019

Kazuhiko Suga Open the ORCID record for Kazuhiko Suga [Opens in a new window] ,
Yuki Okazaki  and
Yusuke Kuwata Open the ORCID record for Yusuke Kuwata [Opens in a new window]
Kazuhiko Suga*
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka599-8531, Japan
Yuki Okazaki
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka599-8531, Japan
Yusuke Kuwata
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka599-8531, Japan
*
†Email address for correspondence: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Particle image velocimetry measurements have been carried out to assess the fully developed turbulence in square-sectioned porous duct flows. To the bottom duct wall, this study applies two types of porous media whose porosities are approximately 0.8 and ratios of wall-normal to streamwise permeabilities are 0.8 and 7.8. Both over- and under-surface turbulence of the porous layers are discussed at inlet flow Reynolds numbers of $Re\simeq 3500$ and 7500. Cross-sectional secondary flows are detected with an enhanced magnitude of approximately 6 % of the inlet bulk velocity. The secondary flow pattern consisting of four large vortices is observed to be insensitive to the porous structures. Over the porous wall, although turbulence is enhanced by the permeability, it is confirmed that turbulence over and under the porous surfaces is rather insensitive to the wall-normal permeability compared with the streamwise permeability as seen in porous-wall channel flows. In the present range of streamwise permeability Reynolds numbers of $Re_{K_{x}}=2.49{-}6.37$, the wall-normal fluctuations become dominant once underneath the porous surface while the streamwise ones become dominant again deep inside the porous layer. Applying streamwise–spanwise plane averaging, which covers a 52 % area in the middle of the duct, to the flow quantities, it is confirmed that the correlations between the pore-scale Reynolds number and the log-law parameters are similar to those seen in a wide range of porous-wall channels. The above characteristics are generally the same as those of porous-wall channels in the same range of porosities and permeability Reynolds numbers even with the enhanced secondary flows. However, from the spectral analysis of flows at the porous walls, it is found that, near the symmetry planes, the wavelengths of the Kelvin–Helmholtz waves become a little shorter than those in turbulent porous-wall channels possibly because of the sidewall boundary layers, particularly at low Reynolds numbers.

JFM classification

Turbulent Flows: Turbulent boundary layers Low-Reynolds-number flows: Porous media
Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 884 , 10 February 2020 , A7
Copyright
© 2019 Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abderrahaman-Elena, N. & García-Mayoral, R. 2017 Analysis of anisotropically permeable surfaces for turbulent drag reduction. Phys. Rev. Fluids 2, 114609.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Adrian, R. J., Meinhart, C. D. & Tomkins, C. D. 2000 Vortex organization in the outer region of the turbulent boundary layer. J. Fluid Mech. 422, 1–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Best, A. C.1935 Transfer of heat and momentum in lowest layers of the atmosphere. Tech. Rep. 65. Geophys. Mem., Met. Off. Lond.Google Scholar
Breugem, W. P. & Boersma, B. J. 2005 Direct numerical simulations of turbulent flow over a permeable wall using a direct and a continuum approach. Phys. Fluids 17, 025103.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Breugem, W. P., Boersma, B. J. & Uittenbogaard, R. E. 2006 The influence of wall permeability on turbulent channel flow. J. Fluid Mech. 562, 35–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dimotakis, P. E. & Brown, G. L. 1976 The mixing layer at high Reynolds number: large-structure dynamics and entrainment. J. Fluid Mech. 78, 535–560.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dunn, C., López, F. & García, M.1996 Mean flow and turbulence in a laboratory channel with simulated vegetation. Tech. Rep. 51. Dept. Civil Eng., U.I.U.C., Illinois.Google Scholar
Host-Madsen, A. & McCluskey, D. R. 1994 On the accuracy and reliability of PIV measurements. In 7th International Symposium on Application of Laser Techniques to Fluid Mechanics, pp. 214–226.Google Scholar
Jiménez, J., Uhlmann, M., Pinelli, A. & Kawahara, G. 2001 Turbulent shear flow over active and passive porous surfaces. J. Fluid Mech. 442, 89–117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kim, T., Blois, G., Best, J. L. & Christensen, K. T. 2018 Experimental study of turbulent flow over and within cubically packed walls of spheres: effects of topography, permeability and wall thickness. Intl J. Heat Fluid Flow 73, 16–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kuwata, Y. & Suga, K. 2015 Progress in the extension of a second-moment closure for turbulent environmental flows. Intl J. Heat Fluid Flow 51, 268–284.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kuwata, Y. & Suga, K. 2016a Lattice Boltzmann direct numerical simulation of interface turbulence over porous and rough walls. Intl J. Heat Fluid Flow 61, 145–157.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kuwata, Y. & Suga, K. 2016b Transport mechanism of interface turbulence over porous and rough walls. Flow Turbul. Combust. 97, 1071–1093.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kuwata, Y. & Suga, K. 2017 Direct numerical simulation of turbulence over anisotropic porous media. J. Fluid Mech. 831, 41–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kuwata, Y., Tsuda, K. & Suga, K. 2019 Direct numerical simulation of conjugate turbulent heat transfer in porous square duct. In Proceedings of 11th International Symposium on Turbulence and Shear Flow Phenomena.Google Scholar
Lovera, F. & Kennedy, J. F. 1969 Friction factors for flat bed flows in sand channels. J. Hydraul. Div. ASCE 95, 1227–1234.Google Scholar
Manes, C., Poggi, D. & Ridol, L. 2011 Turbulent boundary layers over permeable walls: scaling and near-wall structure. J. Fluid Mech. 687, 141–170.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Manes, C., Pokrajac, D., McEwan, I. & Nikora, V. 2009 Turbulence structure of open channel flows over permeable and impermeable beds: a comparative study. Phys. Fluids 21 (12), 125109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nepf, H. & Ghisalberti, M. 2008 Flow and transport in channels with submerged vegetation. Acta Geophys. 56, 753–777.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nezu, I. & Sanjou, M. 2008 Turburence structure and coherent motion in vegetated canopy open-channel flows. J. Hydro-Environ. Res. 2, 62–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nikora, V., Koll, K., McLean, S., Dittrich, A. & Aberle, J. 2002 Zero-plane displacement for rough-bed open-channel flows. In International Conference Fluvial Hydraulics River Flow 2002, pp. 83–92.Google Scholar
Okazaki, Y., Kuwata, Y. & Suga, K. 2018 Comparison of turbulence over porous media with and without structural surface roughness. In Proceedings of 12th International ERCOFTAC Symposium on Engineering Turbulence Modelling and Measurements.Google Scholar
Pokrajac, D. & Manes, C. 2009 Velocity measurements of a free-surface turbulent flow penetrating a porous medium composed of uniform-size spheres. Transp. Porous Med. 78, 367–383.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Prasad, A. K., Adrian, R. J., Landreth, C. C. & Offutt, P. W. 1992 Effect of resolution on the speed and accuracy of particle image velocimetry interrogation. Exp. Fluids 13, 105–116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rogers, M. M. & Moser, R. D. 1994 Direct simulation of a self-similar turbulent mixing layer. Phys. Fluids 6, 903–923.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosti, M. E., Brandt, L. & Pinelli, A. 2018 Turbulent channel flow over an anisotropic porous wall – drag increase and reduction. J. Fluid Mech. 842, 381–394.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ruff, J. F. & Gelhar, L. W. 1972 Turbulent shear flow in porous boundary. J. Engng Mech. Div., ASCE 98, 975–991.Google Scholar
Samanta, A., Vinuesa, R., Lashgari, I., Schlatter, P. & Brandt, L. 2015 Enhanced secondary motion of the turbulent flow through a porous square duct. J. Fluid Mech. 784, 681–693.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gómez-de Segura, G., Sharma, A. & García-Mayoral, R. 2018 Turbulent drag reduction using anisotropic permeable substrates. Flow Turbul. Combust. 100, 995–1014.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Suga, K. 2016 Understanding and modelling turbulence over and inside porous media. Flow Turbul Combust. 96, 717–756.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Suga, K., Matsumura, Y., Ashitaka, Y., Tominaga, S. & Kaneda, M. 2010 Effects of wall permeability on turbulence. Intl J. Heat Fluid Flow 31, 974–984.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Suga, K., Mori, M. & Kaneda, M. 2011 Vortex structure of turbulence over permeable walls. Intl J. Heat Fluid Flow 32, 586–595.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Suga, K., Nakagawa, Y. & Kaneda, M. 2017 Spanwise turbulence structure over permeable walls. J. Fluid Mech. 822, 186–201.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Suga, K., Nishimura, W., Yamamoto, T. & Kaneda, M. 2014 Measurements of serpentine channel flow characteristics for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell. Intl J. Hydrogen Energy 39, 5942–5954.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Suga, K., Okazaki, Y., Ho, U. & Kuwata, Y. 2018 Anisotropic wall permeability effects on turbulent channel flows. J. Fluid Mech. 855, 983–1016.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vinuesa, R., Noorani, A., Lozano-Durán, A., Khoury, G. K. E., Schlatter, P., Fischer, P. F. & Nagib, H. M. 2014 Aspect ratio effects in turbulent duct flows studied through direct numerical simulation. J. Turbul. 15 (10), 677–706.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vinuesa, R., Schlatter, P. & Nagib, H. M. 2018 Secondary flow in turbulent ducts with increasing aspect ratio. Phys. Rev. Fluids 3, 054606.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whitaker, S. 1986 Flow in porous media I: a theoretical derivation of Darcy’s law. Trans. Porous Med. 1, 3–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whitaker, S. 1996 The Forchheimer equation: a theoretical development. Trans. Porous Med. 25, 27–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zagni, A. F. E. & Smith, K. V. H. 1976 Channel flow over permeable beds of graded spheres. J. Hydraul. Div. 102, 207–222.Google Scholar
Zippe, H. J. & Graf, W. H. 1983 Turbulent boundary-layer flow over permeable and non-permeable rough surfaces. J. Hydraul. Res. 21, 51–65.CrossRefGoogle Scholar