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Cavity formation by the impact of Leidenfrost spheres

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 May 2012

J. O. Marston ,
I. U. Vakarelski  and
S. T. Thoroddsen
J. O. Marston*
Affiliation:
Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
I. U. Vakarelski
Affiliation:
Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia Clean Combustion Research Centre, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
S. T. Thoroddsen
Affiliation:
Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia Clean Combustion Research Centre, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
*
†Email address for correspondence: [email protected]
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Abstract

We report observations of cavity formation and subsequent collapse when a heated sphere impacts onto a liquid pool. When the sphere temperature is much greater than the boiling point of the liquid, we observe an inverted Leidenfrost effect where the sphere is encompassed by a vapour layer that prevents physical contact with the liquid. This creates the ultimate non-wetting scenario during sphere penetration through a free surface, producing very smooth cavity walls. In some cases during initial entry, however, the liquid contacts the sphere at the equator, leading to the formation of a dual cavity structure. For cold sphere impacts, where a contact line is observed, we reveal details of the contact line pinning, which initially forms a sawtooth pattern. We also observe surface waves on the cavity interface for cold spheres. We compare our experimental results to previous studies of cavity dynamics and, in particular, the influence of hydrophobicity on the entry of the sphere.

JFM classification

Drops and Bubbles: Cavitation Interfacial Flows (free surface): Contact lines Instability: Transition to turbulence
Type
Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 699 , 25 May 2012 , pp. 465 - 488
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2012

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Marston et al. supplementary movie

Movie 1. Impact of a “Leidenfrost sphere” with initial temperature 240 C onto PP1 (perfluorohexane). Sphere radius is 7.5 mm and the impact speed is 1 m/s. Original frame rate was 12,500 fps.

Download Marston et al. supplementary movie(Video)
Video 1.9 MB

Marston et al. supplementary movie

Movie 2. Entry stage of different temperature spheres onto PP1 (perfluorohexane). Initial temperatures are 22, 70, 100 and 180 C (left to right). Sphere radii are all 7.5 mm and the impact speed is 1.27 m/s. Original frame rate was 12,500 fps.

Download Marston et al. supplementary movie(Video)
Video 477.2 KB

Marston et al. supplementary movie

Movie 3. Cavity instability after pinch-off following the impact of a Leidenfrost sphere (200 C) onto PP1 (perfluorohexane). Sphere radius is 7.5 mm and the impact speed is 1.27 m/s. Original frame rate was 12,500 fps.

Download Marston et al. supplementary movie(Video)
Video 469.8 KB