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Bubble dynamics and atomization in evaporating polymeric droplets

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 November 2022

K.S. Raghuram Gannena ,
D. Chaitanya Kumar Rao Open the ORCID record for D. Chaitanya Kumar Rao [Opens in a new window] ,
Durbar Roy ,
Aloke Kumar Open the ORCID record for Aloke Kumar [Opens in a new window]  and
Saptarshi Basu Open the ORCID record for Saptarshi Basu [Opens in a new window]
K.S. Raghuram Gannena
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
D. Chaitanya Kumar Rao
Affiliation:
Department of Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
Durbar Roy
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
Aloke Kumar*
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
Saptarshi Basu*
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
*
†Email addresses for correspondence: [email protected], [email protected]
†Email addresses for correspondence: [email protected], [email protected]
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Abstract

We investigate the interaction of an aqueous polymeric droplet with a tuneable continuous laser in an acoustically levitated environment. The effect of laser irradiation intensity and polymeric concentration on various spatio-temporal parameters is unearthed using high-speed shadowgraphy and theoretical scaling analysis. We observe four temporal phases: droplet evaporation, vapour bubble growth followed by membrane inflation, bubble/membrane rupture through hole nucleation and droplet breakup. During the initial droplet evaporation phase, concentration build-up at the droplet surface beyond a critical limit leads to the formation of a skin layer. It is revealed that, at a given location inside the droplet, hot spots occur, and the maximum temperature at the hot spots scales linearly with irradiation intensity until a bubble nucleates. The low-intensity laser interaction leads to symmetric membrane inflation that eventually forms holes at droplet poles and cracks on the shell surface. On the contrary, high intensity causes early bubble nucleation followed by asymmetric membrane inflation that eventually ruptures through multiple hole formation. Furthermore, the growth and rupture of the membrane is followed by a catastrophic breakup of the droplet. Two dominant atomization modes are reported at significantly high irradiation intensities: stable sheet collapse and unstable sheet breakup. The evolution of droplets into a stable/unstable sheet follows universally observed ligament and hole dynamics. A regime map is shown to describe the influence of polymer concentration and irradiation intensity on the strength and mode of droplet atomization.

JFM classification

Drops and Bubbles: Drops
Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 951 , 25 November 2022 , A48
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press

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References

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Gannena et al. supplementary movie 1

Symmetric bubble growth and buckling.

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Gannena et al. supplementary movie 2

Asymmetric bubble growth, rupture and catastrophic breakup of the droplet.

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Gannena et al. supplementary movie 3

Solidification of polymeric membrane during evaporation.

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Gannena et al. supplementary movie 4

Stable sheet fragmentation of droplet

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Gannena et al. supplementary movie 5

Unstable sheet fragmentation of droplet

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Supplementary material: File

Gannena et al. supplementary material

Supplementary data

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