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An experimental study of flow near an advancing contact line: a rigorous test of theoretical models

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 November 2024

Charul Gupta Open the ORCID record for Charul Gupta [Opens in a new window] ,
Anjishnu Choudhury Open the ORCID record for Anjishnu Choudhury [Opens in a new window] ,
Lakshmana D. Chandrala Open the ORCID record for Lakshmana D. Chandrala [Opens in a new window]  and
Harish N. Dixit Open the ORCID record for Harish N. Dixit [Opens in a new window]
Charul Gupta
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Telangana 502284, India
Anjishnu Choudhury
Affiliation:
PMMH, CNRS, ESPCI Paris, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, F-75005 Paris, France
Lakshmana D. Chandrala
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Telangana 502284, India
Harish N. Dixit*
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Telangana 502284, India Center for Interdisciplinary Programs, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Telangana 502284, India
*
†Email address for correspondence: [email protected]
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Abstract

The flow near a moving contact line depends on the dynamic contact angle, viscosity ratio and capillary number. We report experiments involving immersing a plate into a liquid bath, concurrently measuring the interface shape, interfacial velocity and fluid flow using digital image processing and particle image velocimetry. All experiments were performed at low plate speeds to maintain small Reynolds and capillary numbers for comparison with viscous theories. The dynamic contact angle, measured in the viscous phase, was kept below $90^{\circ }$ and the viscosity ratio, $\lambda < 1$. This region of parameter space is largely unexplored for advancing contact lines. An important aim of the present study is to provide new experimental data against which new contact line models can be developed. The flow field is directly compared against the prediction from the viscous theory of Huh & Scriven (J. Colloid Interface Sci., vol. 35, issue 1, 1971, pp. 85–101) but with a slight modification involving the curved interface. Remarkable agreement is found between experiments and theory across a wide parameter range. The prediction for interfacial speed from Huh & Scriven is also in excellent agreement with experiments except in the vicinity of the contact line. Material points along the interface were found to rapidly slow down near the contact line, thus alleviating the singularity at the moving contact line. To the best of our knowledge, such a detailed test of theoretical models has not been performed before and we hope the present study will spur new modelling efforts in the field.

JFM classification

Interfacial Flows (free surface): Contact lines Low-Reynolds-number flows: Lubrication theory Interfacial Flows (free surface): Capillary flows
Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 1000 , 10 December 2024 , A45
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press

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