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Swirling instability of viscous liquid jets with axial shear effect in gas surroundings

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 November 2024

Yiqian Xu Open the ORCID record for Yiqian Xu [Opens in a new window] ,
Kai Mu Open the ORCID record for Kai Mu [Opens in a new window] ,
Yi Xin ,
Ran Qiao Open the ORCID record for Ran Qiao [Opens in a new window] ,
Chengxi Zhao Open the ORCID record for Chengxi Zhao [Opens in a new window]  and
Ting Si Open the ORCID record for Ting Si [Opens in a new window]
Yiqian Xu
Affiliation:
Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
Kai Mu*
Affiliation:
Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
Yi Xin
Affiliation:
Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
Ran Qiao
Affiliation:
Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
Chengxi Zhao
Affiliation:
Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
Ting Si
Affiliation:
Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
*
†Email address for correspondence: [email protected]
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Abstract

Linear instability analysis of a viscous swirling liquid jet surrounded by ambient gas is carried out by considering the significant influence of axial shear effect. The jet azimuthal flow is assumed as a Rankine vortex, and the non-uniform velocity distribution in the jet axial direction is approximated by parabolic and error functions. The enhancement of jet rotation is found to promote the predominant mode with larger azimuthal wavenumbers, and the mode transition is decided by the competition between centrifugal force and axial shear stress. Subsequently, the influence of the axial shear effect is examined through changing the degree of shear stress and the thickness of the gas velocity boundary layer. It is found that an increase of jet average velocity or surface velocity in the axial direction leads to the predominant mode transition to smaller azimuthal wavenumbers, due to the combined effects of shear stress and gas pressure perturbation. A larger velocity difference between ambient gas and liquid jet also promotes the predominant modes with smaller azimuthal wavenumbers, and the physical mechanism is attributed to gas pressure perturbation. Phase diagrams of different azimuthal modes are given and compared with the study of Kubitschek & Weidman (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 572, 2007, pp. 261–286), where a static swirling column without axial shear stress was considered. The strengthened axial shear effect is found to delay the transition of predominant modes with the increase of angular velocity. Experimental studies considering the swirling jets with different axial velocities are further carried out, which validate the theoretical findings. Different instability mechanisms and their transition rules are also identified through energy budget analysis. This study is expected to give scientific guidance on understanding the instability mechanisms of the swirling jets that widely exist in natural phenomena and engineering applications.

JFM classification

Interfacial Flows (free surface): Capillary flows Wakes/Jets: Jets Multiphase and Particle-laden Flows: Multiphase flow
Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 1000 , 10 December 2024 , A32
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press

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