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Ionization and dissociation effects on boundary-layer stability

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 November 2020

Fernando Miró Miró Open the ORCID record for Fernando Miró Miró [Opens in a new window] ,
Ethan S. Beyak Open the ORCID record for Ethan S. Beyak [Opens in a new window] ,
Fabio Pinna Open the ORCID record for Fabio Pinna [Opens in a new window]  and
Helen L. Reed
Fernando Miró Miró*
Affiliation:
Aeronautics and Aerospace Department, Von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics, Rhode-Saint-Genèse, 1640, Belgium
Ethan S. Beyak
Affiliation:
Texas A&M University, College Station, TX77843, USA
Fabio Pinna
Affiliation:
Aeronautics and Aerospace Department, Von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics, Rhode-Saint-Genèse, 1640, Belgium
Helen L. Reed
Affiliation:
Texas A&M University, College Station, TX77843, USA
*
†Email address for correspondence: [email protected]
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Abstract

The ever-increasing need for optimized atmospheric-entry and hypersonic-cruise vehicles requires an understanding of the coexisting high-enthalpy phenomena. These phenomena strongly condition the development of instabilities leading to the boundary layer's transition to turbulence. The present article explores how shock waves, internal-energy-mode excitation, species interdiffusion, dissociation and ionization condition boundary-layer perturbation growth related to second-mode instabilities. Linear stability theory and the e$^{N}$ method are applied to laminar base flows over a $10^{\circ }$ wedge with an isothermal wall and free-stream conditions similar to three flight-envelope points in an extreme planetary return. The authors explore a wide range of boundary conditions and flow assumptions, on both the laminar base flow and the perturbation quantities, in order to decouple the various phenomena of interest. Under the assumptions of this study, the cooling of the laminar base flow due to internal-energy-mode excitation, dissociation and ionization is seen to be strongly destabilizing. However, species interdiffusion, dissociation and ionization acting on the perturbation terms are seen to have the opposite effect. The net result of these competing effects ultimately amounts to internal-energy-mode excitation and dissociation being destabilizing, and ionization being stabilizing. The appearance of unstable supersonic modes due to high-enthalpy effects is seen to be linked to the diffusion-flux perturbations, rather than the cooling of the laminar base flow (as is commonly believed). The use of the linearized shock boundary condition was seen to have a minor impact in the $N$-factor envelopes, despite the extremely low relative shock angle.

JFM classification

Boundary Layers: Boundary layer stability Compressible Flows: Compressible boundary layers Instability: Transition to turbulence
Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 907 , 25 January 2021 , A13
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

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References

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