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How does the electric field make a droplet exhibit the ejection and rebound behaviour on a superhydrophobic surface?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 April 2022

Ye Tian ,
Hong Wang Open the ORCID record for Hong Wang [Opens in a new window] ,
Xin Zhou ,
Zhenting Xie ,
Xun Zhu Open the ORCID record for Xun Zhu [Opens in a new window] ,
Rong Chen Open the ORCID record for Rong Chen [Opens in a new window] ,
Yudong Ding Open the ORCID record for Yudong Ding [Opens in a new window]  and
Qiang Liao Open the ORCID record for Qiang Liao [Opens in a new window]
Ye Tian
Affiliation:
Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
Hong Wang*
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, PR China Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
Xin Zhou
Affiliation:
Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
Zhenting Xie
Affiliation:
Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
Xun Zhu
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, PR China Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
Rong Chen
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, PR China Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
Yudong Ding
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, PR China Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
Qiang Liao
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, PR China Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
*
† Email address for correspondence: [email protected]
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Abstract

A droplet impinging on a superhydrophobic substrate in an electric field is an important process in droplet manipulation and electrostatic spraying. Here, the entire impinging dynamic of the droplet in a vertical electric field is studied by a visualization experiment and numerical simulation with OpenFOAM. We investigate the effect of an electrostatic force on droplet impact in depth, where four ejection modes and three rebound modes are found experimentally. In particular, the filamentous ejecting phenomenon occurs after a droplet impinging on a superhydrophobic substrate is first discovered. In the numerical simulation, the strong coupling between the dynamic distribution of the interface electric charge and the evolution of the droplet profile can lead to different ejection modes, and the different ejection behaviours are caused by the combined effects of electrostatic pressure, capillary pressure, dynamic pressure and static pressure on the droplet apex. A charge scaling law for the ejection droplets is proposed. Furthermore, a set of theoretical models is established, which can successfully predict the threshold electric capillary number for different droplet ejection modes. The results reveal some important characteristics for a droplet impinging on a superhydrophobic surface in an electric field, which could facilitate the design of electrically operated droplet equipment and guide the safe and stable operation of the device.

JFM classification

Drops and Bubbles: Breakup/coalescence Drops and Bubbles: Electrohydrodynamic effects Drops and Bubbles: Drops
Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 941 , 25 June 2022 , A18
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press

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