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Fragmentation versus Cohesion

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 June 2020

Emmanuel Villermaux Open the ORCID record for Emmanuel Villermaux [Opens in a new window]
Emmanuel Villermaux*
Affiliation:
Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, IRPHE, Marseille, France Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
*
†Email address for correspondence: [email protected]
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Abstract

Capillarity is the familiar manifestation of the cohesion of liquids. Since Laplace (Traité de mécanique céleste, vol. IV, supplément au livre X: Sur l’action capillaire, 1805, pp. 1–65), we know that intense attractive forces between the molecules bridge the small with the large as they shape liquid/vapour interfaces at the macroscopic scale through the concept of surface tension (menisci, drops, bubbles, puddles, liquid rise in tubes, etc. …). We concentrate on situations where liquids ‘disgregate’, following the neologism of Clausius (Phil. Mag., vol. 24 (159), 1862, pp. 81–97), meaning that they fragment by the action of deformation stresses whose intensity competes with that of cohesion forces. Various examples, including explosions, blow-ups, hard and soft impacts and shears applied to liquid jets, sheets and drops are reviewed. They concern applications ranging from liquid propulsion, agricultural spraying, to the formation of ocean spray, raindrops and human exhalations by violent respiratory events. In spite of their diversity, the various modes of fragment production share an ultimate common phenomenology – the ligament dynamics – suggesting that the final stable droplet size distribution can be interpreted from elementary principles.

JFM classification

Drops and Bubbles: Aerosols/atomization Drops and Bubbles: Breakup/coalescence
Type
JFM Perspectives
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 898 , 10 September 2020 , P1
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

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