Hostname: page-component-745bb68f8f-b6zl4 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-01-09T05:11:25.721Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Fluid flow analysis of a shark-inspired microstructure

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 September 2014

Samuel Martin  and
Bharat Bhushan
Samuel Martin
Affiliation:
Nanoprobe Laboratory for Bio & Nanotechnology and Biomimetics (NLBB), The Ohio State University, 201 West 19th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210-1142, USA
Bharat Bhushan*
Affiliation:
Nanoprobe Laboratory for Bio & Nanotechnology and Biomimetics (NLBB), The Ohio State University, 201 West 19th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210-1142, USA
*
†Email address for correspondence: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The scales of fast-swimming sharks contain riblet structures with microgrooves, aligned in the direction of fluid flow, that result in water moving efficiently over the surface. In previous studies, these riblet structures have shown a drag reduction of up to 10 % when compared with a smooth, flat surface. These studies have suggested two prevalent drag-reduction mechanisms which involve the effect of vortices and turbulence fluctuations. To further explore relevant mechanisms and study the effect of riblet geometry and flow properties on drag, vortices and turbulence fluctuations, various shark-skin-inspired riblet structures were created using computational models in which velocity, viscosity, spacing, height and thickness parameters were independently modified. A relevant mechanism of drag reduction is discussed to relate riblet parameters and flow properties to drag change and vortex size. Modelling information will lead to a better understanding of riblets and allow for optimum drag-reducing designs for applications in marine, medical and industrial fields.

JFM classification

Flow Control: Drag reduction Flow Control: Flow Control
Type
Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 756 , 10 October 2014 , pp. 5 - 29
Copyright
© 2014 Cambridge University Press 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Autumn, K., Dittmore, A., Santos, D., Spenko, M. & Cutkosky, M. 2006 Frictional adhesion: a new angle on gecko attachment. J. Expl Biol. 209, 3569–3579.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Autumn, K., Liang, Y. A., Hsieh, S. T., Zesch, W., Chan, W. P., Kenny, T. W., Fearing, R. & Full, R. J. 2000 Adhesive force of a single gecko foot-hair. Nature 405, 681–685.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bechert, D. & Bartenwerfer, M. 1989 The viscous flow on surfaces with longitudinal ribs. J. Fluid Mech. 206, 105–129.Google Scholar
Bechert, D., Bartenwerfer, M., Hoppe, G. & Reif, W. E. 1986 Drag reduction mechanisms derived from shark skin. In ICAS, Congress, 15th, London, England, September 7–12, 1986, Proceedings. Vol. 2 (A86-48976 24-01), pp. 1044–1068. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc.Google Scholar
Bechert, D., Bruse, M., Hage, W. & Meyer, R.1997a Biological Surfaces and Their Technological Application Laboratory and Flight Experiments on Drag Reduction and Separation Control, Paper #AIAA-1997-1960, presented at AIAA 28th Fluid Dynamics Conference, Snowmass Village, CO, AIAA, New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bechert, D., Bruse, M. & Hage, W. 1997b Experiments on drag-reducing surfaces and their optimization with an adjustable geometry. J. Fluid Mech. 338, 59–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bechert, D., Bruse, M. & Hage, W. 2000a Experiments with three-dimensional riblets as an idealized model of shark skin. Exp. Fluids 28, 403–412.Google Scholar
Bechert, D., Bruse, M. & Hage, W. 2000b Fluid mechanics of biological surfaces and their technological application. Naturwissenschaften 87, 157–171.Google Scholar
Bechert, D., Hoppe, G., van der Hoeven, J. T. & Makris, R. 1992 The Berlin oil channel for drag reduction research. Exp. Fluids 12, 251–260.Google Scholar
Bhushan, B. 2009 Biomimetics: lessons from nature – an overview. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A 367, 1445–1486.Google Scholar
Bhushan, B. 2010 Springer Handbook of Nanotechnology, 3rd edn. Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bhushan, B. 2012 Biomimetics: Bioinspired Hierarchical-Structured Surfaces for Green Science and Technology. Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bixler, G. D. & Bhushan, B. 2012a Biofouling: lessons from nature. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A 370, 2381–2417.Google Scholar
Bixler, G. D. & Bhushan, B. 2012b Bioinspired rice leaf and butterfly wing surface structures combining shark skin and lotus effects. Soft Matt. 8, 11271–11284.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bixler, G. D. & Bhushan, B. 2013 Shark skin inspired low-drag microstructured surfaces in closed channel flow. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 393, 384–396.Google Scholar
Cheng, C., Lu, P. & Chen, R. 1992 Wind loads on square cylinder in homogeneous turbulent flows. J. Wind Engng Ind. Aerodyn. 41, 739–749.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Choi, H., Moin, P. & Kim, J. 1993 Direct numerical simulation of turbulent flow over riblets. J. Fluid Mech. 255, 503–539.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chu, D. C. & Karniadakis, G. E. 1993 A direct numerical simulation of laminar and turbulent flow over riblet-mounted surfaces. J. Fluid Mech. 250, 1–42.Google Scholar
Dean, B. & Bhushan, B. 2010 Shark-skin surfaces for fluid-drag reduction in turbulent flow: a review. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A 368, 4775–4806.Google ScholarPubMed
El-Samni, O. A., Chun, H. H. & Yoon, H. S. 2007 Drag reduction of turbulent flow over thin rectangular riblets. Intl J. Engng Sci. 45, 436–454.Google Scholar
Fluent, 2014 ANSYS® FLUENT, Release 14.0, Help System, FLUENT User’s Guide, ANSYS, Inc.Google Scholar
Gao, H., Wang, X., Yao, H., Gorb, S. & Arzt, E. 2005 Mechanics of hierarchical adhesion structures of geckos. Mech. Mater. 37, 275–285.Google Scholar
García-Mayoral, R. & Jiménez, J. 2011 Drag reduction by riblets. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A 369, 1412–1427.Google Scholar
Genzer, J. & Efimenko, K. 2006 Recent developments in superhydrophobic surfaces and their relevance to marine fouling: a review. Biofouling 22, 339–360.Google Scholar
Goldstein, D., Handler, R. & Sirovich, L. 1995 Direct numerical simulation of turbulent flow over a modelled riblet-covered surface. J. Fluid Mech. 302, 333–376.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jimenez, J. & Moin, P. 1991 The minimal flow unit in near-wall turbulence. J. Fluid Mech. 225, 213–240.Google Scholar
Jung, Y. C. & Bhushan, B. 2009 Biomimetic structures for fluid drag reduction in laminar and turbulent flows. J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 22, 035104.Google Scholar
Kim, J., Moin, P. & Moser, R. 1987 Turbulence statistics in fully developed channel flow at low Reynolds number. J. Fluid Mech. 177, 133–166.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krieger, K. 2004 Do pool sharks swim faster? Science 305, 636–637.Google Scholar
Lee, B. 1975 The effect of turbulence on the surface pressure field of a square prism. J. Fluid Mech. 69, 263–282.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, S.-J. & Lee, S.-H. 2001 Flow field analysis of a turbulent boundary layer over a riblet surface. Exp. Fluids 30, 153–166.Google Scholar
Lyn, D. A., Einav, S., Rodi, W. & Park, J. 1995 A laser-Doppler velocimetry study of ensemble-averaged characteristics of the turbulent near wake of a square cylinder. J. Fluid Mech. 304, 285–319.Google Scholar
Lyn, D. & Rodi, W. 1994 The flapping shear layer formed by flow separation from the forward corner of a square cylinder. J. Fluid Mech. 267, 353–376.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McLean, I. & Gartshore, I. 1992 Spanwise correlations of pressure on a rigid square section cylinder. J. Wind Engng Ind. Aerodyn. 41, 797–808.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murakami, S. & Mochida, A. 1995 On turbulent vortex shedding flow past 2D square cylinder predicted by CFD. J. Wind Engng Ind. Aerodyn. 54, 191–211.Google Scholar
Ochoa, J. & Fueyo, N. 2004 Large-Eddy Simulation of the flow past a square cylinder. In PHOENICS 10th International User Conference Melbourne, Australia, CHAM Limited, London.Google Scholar
Pollard, A. 1998 Passive and active control of near-wall turbulence. Prog. Aerosp. Sci. 33, 689–708.Google Scholar
Reif, W. E. 1985 Squamation and Ecology of Sharks. E. Schweizerbartsche Verlagsbuchhandlung.Google Scholar
Robinson, S. K. 1990 A review of vortex structures and associated coherent motions in turbulent boundary layers. In Structure of Turbulence and Drag Reduction, pp. 23–50. Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robinson, S., Kline, S. J. & Spalart, P.1989 A review of quasi-coherent structures in a numerically simulated turbulent boundary layer. NASA STI/Recon Tech. Rep. N 90: 13723.Google Scholar
Rodi, W. 1997 Comparison of LES and RANS calculations of the flow around bluff bodies. J. Wind Engng Ind. Aerodyn. 69, 55–75.Google Scholar
Rodi, W., Ferziger, J., Breuer, M. & Pourquie, M. 1997 Status of large eddy simulation: results of a workshop. Trans. ASME J. Fluids Engng 119, 248–262.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rohr, J., Andersen, G., Reidy, L. & Hendricks, E. 1992 A comparison of the drag-reducing benefits of riblets in internal and external flows. Exp. Fluids 13, 361–368.Google Scholar
Spalding, D. B. 1961 A single formula for the law of the wall. Trans. ASME J. Appl. Mech. 28, 455–458.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Suzuki, Y. & Kasagi, N. 1994 Turbulent drag reduction mechanism above a riblet surface. AIAA J. 32, 1781–1790.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vickery, B. 1966 Fluctuating lift and drag on a long cylinder of square cross-section in a smooth and in a turbulent stream. J. Fluid Mech. 25, 481–494.Google Scholar
Walsh, M. J.1982 Turbulent Boundary Layer Drag Reduction using Riblets, Paper #AIAA-1982-0169, presented at AIAA 20th Aerospace Sciences Meeting, Orlando FL, AIAA, New York.Google Scholar
Walsh, M. J. & Anders, J. B. Jr 1989 Riblet/LEBU research at NASA Langley. Appl. Sci. Res. 46, 255–262.Google Scholar
Weiss, M. H.1993 Drag reduction with riblets in pipe flow. PhD Diss., University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.Google Scholar
Weiss, M.1997 Implementation of drag reduction techniques in natural gas pipelines. In 10th European Drag Reduction Working Meeting, Berlin, Germany, 19–21 March.Google Scholar