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Drop impact into a deep pool: vortex shedding and jet formation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 January 2015

G. Agbaglah ,
M.-J. Thoraval Open the ORCID record for M.-J. Thoraval [Opens in a new window] ,
S. T. Thoroddsen ,
L. V. Zhang ,
K. Fezzaa  and
R. D. Deegan
G. Agbaglah*
Affiliation:
Department of Physics and Center for the Study of Complex Systems, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
M.-J. Thoraval
Affiliation:
Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering & Clean Combustion Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia Physics of Fluids Group, Faculty of Science and Technology, Mesa+ Institute, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
S. T. Thoroddsen
Affiliation:
Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering & Clean Combustion Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
L. V. Zhang
Affiliation:
Department of Physics and Center for the Study of Complex Systems, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
K. Fezzaa
Affiliation:
X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL 60439, USA
R. D. Deegan
Affiliation:
Department of Physics and Center for the Study of Complex Systems, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
*
†Email address for correspondence: [email protected]
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Abstract

One of the simplest splashing scenarios results from the impact of a single drop on a deep pool. The traditional understanding of this process is that the impact generates an axisymmetric sheet-like jet that later breaks up into secondary droplets. Recently it was shown that even this simplest of scenarios is more complicated than expected because multiple jets can be generated from a single impact event and there are transitions in the multiplicity of jets as the experimental parameters are varied. Here, we use experiments and numerical simulations of a single drop impacting on a deep pool to examine the transition from impacts that produce a single jet to those that produce two jets. Using high-speed X-ray imaging methods we show that vortex separation within the drop leads to the formation of a second jet long after the formation of the ejecta sheet. Using numerical simulations we develop a phase diagram for this transition and show that the capillary number is the most appropriate order parameter for the transition.

JFM classification

Drops and Bubbles: Breakup/coalescence Drops and Bubbles: Drops Drops and Bubbles: Drops and Bubbles
Type
Rapids
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 764 , 10 February 2015 , R1
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Copyright
© 2014 Cambridge University Press 

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Agbaglah et al. supplementary movie

Experimental movie showing the formation of a rolled up vortex sheet

Download Agbaglah et al. supplementary movie(Video)
Video 691.6 KB

Agbaglah et al. supplementary movie

Numerical simulation showing a smooth one jet regime for We=700 and Re=500

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Video 1.9 MB

Agbaglah et al. supplementary movie

Numerical simulation showing the vortex shedding in the two jets regime for We=500 and Re=3500

Download Agbaglah et al. supplementary movie(Video)
Video 2 MB

Agbaglah et al. supplementary movie

Numerical simulation showing the bumping regime for We=700 and Re=4000

Download Agbaglah et al. supplementary movie(Video)
Video 1.9 MB