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Characteristics of the pressure fluctuations generated in turbulent boundary layers over rough surfaces

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 November 2019

Liselle A. Joseph Open the ORCID record for Liselle A. Joseph [Opens in a new window] ,
Nicholas J. Molinaro ,
William J. Devenport  and
Timothy W. Meyers
Liselle A. Joseph
Affiliation:
Department of Aerospace and Ocean Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA24060, USA
Nicholas J. Molinaro
Affiliation:
Department of Aerospace and Ocean Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA24060, USA
William J. Devenport*
Affiliation:
Department of Aerospace and Ocean Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA24060, USA
Timothy W. Meyers
Affiliation:
Department of Aerospace and Ocean Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA24060, USA
*
†Email address for correspondence: [email protected]
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Abstract

Experiments were carried out in high Reynolds number turbulent boundary layers over rough surfaces of diverse geometries. Roughness configurations varied in element height, distribution (random versus ordered), shape and spacing. Rough surfaces comprising of two superposed element geometries were also tested. All flows were free of transitional effects with $Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D703}}$ upwards of 40 000 and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}/k_{g}$ ratios above 73. The wall-pressure spectrum and turbulent velocity profiles revealed that the roughness element spacing has the greatest impact on the turbulent structures in the boundary layer. The high-frequency scaling on shear friction velocity, $U_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}}$, (Meyers et al.J. Fluid Mech., vol. 768, 2015, pp. 261–293) was validated and $U_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D708}}$ was shown to be the viscous contribution to the overall surface drag. An empirical formula for the pressure drag on roughness elements was developed to reflect the finding that the pressure drag is a function of only two variables: sparseness ratio $(\unicode[STIX]{x1D706})$ and roughness Reynolds number $(k_{g}^{+})$. Results also suggest that the viscous contribution to drag approaches a constant non-zero value at high Reynolds numbers, and ‘fully rough-wall flow’ may occur at higher $k_{g}^{+}$ than previously thought.

JFM classification

Turbulent Flows: Turbulent boundary layers Turbulent Flows: Turbulence theory
Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 883 , 25 January 2020 , A3
Copyright
© 2019 Cambridge University Press

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