Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-v9fdk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-19T15:37:08.049Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Bursts and the law of the wall in turbulent boundary layers

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 April 2006

J. F. Morrison ,
C. S. Subramanian  and
P. Bradshaw
J. F. Morrison
Affiliation:
Department of Aeronautics, Imperial College, Prince Consort Road, London. SW7 2BY, UK
C. S. Subramanian
Affiliation:
Department of Aeronautics, Imperial College, Prince Consort Road, London. SW7 2BY, UK Present address: Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department. Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901-6988, USA.
P. Bradshaw
Affiliation:
Department of Aeronautics, Imperial College, Prince Consort Road, London. SW7 2BY, UK Present address: Mechanical Engineering Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-3030, USA.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The bursting mechanism in two different high-Reynolds-number boundary layers has been analysed by means of conditional sampling. One boundary layer develops on a smooth, flat plate in zero pressure gradient; the other, also in zero pressure gradient, is perturbed by a rough-to-smooth change in surface roughness and the new internal layer has not yet recovered to the local equilibrium condition at the measurement station. Sampling on the instantaneous uv signal in the logarithmic region confirms the presence of two related structures, ‘ejections’ and ‘sweeps’ which, in the smooth-wall layer, appear to be responsible for most of the turbulent energy production, and to effect virtually all that part of the spectral energy transfer that is universal. Ejections show features similar to those of Falco's ‘typical eddies’ while sweeps appear to be inverted ejections moving down towards the wall. The inertial structures associated with ejections show attributes of the true universal motion (Townsend's ‘attached’ eddies) of the inner layer and these are therefore identified as ‘bursts’. In the outer layer, these become ‘detached’ from the wall. The large-scale structures associated with sweeps also appear to be ‘detached’ eddies (‘splats’), but these induce low-wave-number inactive motion near the wall and this is not universal even though the sweep itself is. Neither ejections nor sweeps detected in the rough-to-smooth layer are near a condition of energy equilibrium. The relation of ejections and sweeps to the law of the wall and other accepted laws is discussed.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 241 , August 1992 , pp. 75 - 108
Copyright
© 1992 Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Andreopoulos J. 1978 Symmetric and asymmetric near wake of a flat plate. PhD thesis, PhD, Imperial College.
Antonia, R. A. & Luxton R. E. 1972 The response of a turbulent boundary layer to a step change in surface roughness. Part 2. Rough-to-smooth. J. Fluid Mech. 53, 737.Google Scholar
Bradshaw P. 1967a The turbulence structure of equilibrium turbulent boundary layers. J. Fluid Mech. 29, 625.Google Scholar
Bradshaw P. 1967b ‘Inactive’ motion and pressure fluctuations in turbulent boundary layers. J. Fluid Mech. 30, 241.Google Scholar
Bradshaw P. 1967c Conditions for the existence of an inertial subrange in turbulent flow. Natl Phys. Lab. Aero. Rep. No. 1220.Google Scholar
Bradshaw P., Ferriss, D. H. & Atwell N. P. 1967 Calculation of boundary-layer development using the turbulent energy equation. J. Fluid Mech. 28, 593.Google Scholar
Chen, M. Z. & Bradshaw. P. 1990 Studies of burst-detection schemes by use of direct simulation data for fully-turbulent channel flow. Unpublished report.
Chu, C. C. & Falco R. E. 1988 Vortex ring/viscous wall layer interaction model of the turbulence production process near walls. Exps. Fluids 6, 305.Google Scholar
Clauseb F. H. 1956 The turbulent boundary layer. Adv. Appl. Mech. 4, 1.Google Scholar
Coles D. E. 1955 The law of the wall in turbulent shear flow. In 50 Jahre Grenzschichtforschung (ed. H. Gortler & W. Tollmien), pp. 153–163. Braunschweig: F. Vieweg.
Coles D. E. 1956 The law of the wake in the turbulent boundary layer. J. Fluid Mech. 1, 191.Google Scholar
Coles D. E. 1962 The turbulent boundary layer in a compressible fluid. Appendix A: A manual of experimental boundary-layer practice for low-speed flow. Rand Corporation Rep. R-403-PR.Google Scholar
Coles, D. E. & Hirst, E. A. (ed.) 1969 Proc. 1968 AFOSR-IFP-Stanford Conference on Computation of Turbulent Boundary Layers. Thermosciences Division, Stanford University.
Corino, E. R. & Brodkey R. S. 1969 A visual observation of the wall region in turbulent flow. J. Fluid Mech. 37, 1.Google Scholar
Domaradzki, J. A. & Rogallo R. S. 1990 Local energy transfer and nonlocal interactions in homogeneous, isotropic turbulence Phys. Fluids A 2, 413.Google Scholar
Falco R. E. 1974 Some comments on turbulent boundary layer structure inferred from the movements of a passive contaminant. AIAA paper 74–99.Google Scholar
Falco R. E. 1977 Coherent motions in the outer region of turbulent boundary layers. Phys. Fluids Suppl. 20, S124.Google Scholar
Falco R. E. 1979 Structural aspects of turbulence in boundary layer flows. Proc. Sixth Biennial Symposium on Turbulence. Rolla Missouri.Google Scholar
Falco R. E. 1980 The production of turbulence near a wall. AIAA paper 80–1356.Google Scholar
Falco R. E. 1983 New results, a review and synthesis of the mechanism of turbulence production in boundary layers and its modification. AIAA paper 83–0377.Google Scholar
Falco R. E. 1984 Recent progress in understanding the turbulence production process. Michigan State Univ. Dept Mech. Engng Rep. TSL-84–1.Google Scholar
Falco R. E., Klewicki J. C., Pan, K. & Gendrich C. P. 1989 Production of turbulence in boundary layers. Proc. 7th Symp. on Turbulent Shear Flows, Stanford University, paper 2–5.Google Scholar
Ferziger J. H. 1977 Numerical simulations of turbulent flows. AIAA J. 15, 1261.Google Scholar
Fung J. C. H., Hunt J. C. R., Perkins R. J., Wray, A. A. & Stretch D. 1991 Defining the zonal structure of turbulence using the pressure and invariants of the deformation tensor. Advances in Turbulence 3, (ed. A. V. Johansson & P. H. Alfredsson), pp. 395–404.
Guenzennec Y. G., Piomelli, U. & Kim J. 1987 Conditionally-averaged structures in wall-bounded turbulent flows. Studying Turbulence Using Numerical Simulation Databases. Ames/Stanford CTR-587, p. 263.
Head, M. R. & Bandyopadhyay P. 1981 New aspects of turbulent boundary-layer structure. J. Fluid Mech. 107, 297.Google Scholar
Huffman, G. D. & Bradshaw P. 1972 A note on von KaArmaAn's constant in low Reynolds number turbulent flows. J. Fluid Mech. 53, 45.Google Scholar
Hunt J. C. R. 1988 Studying turbulence using direct numerical simulation: 1987 Center for Turbulence Research NASA Ames/Stanford Summer Programme. J. Fluid Mech. 190, 375.Google Scholar
Kim, H. T., Kline, S. J. & Reynolds, W. C. 1971 The production of turbulence near a smooth wall in a turbulent boundary layer. J. Fluid Mech. 50, 133.Google Scholar
Kim J. 1985 Evolution of a vortical structure associated with the bursting event in a channel flow. Proc. 5th Symp. on Turbulent Shear Flows, Cornell University.Google Scholar
Kim, J. & Moin P. 1986 The structure of the vorticity field in turbulent channel flow. Part 2. Study of ensemble-averaged fields. J. Fluid Mech. 162, 339.Google Scholar
Kim J., Moin, P. & Moser R. D. 1987 Turbulence statistics in fully developed channel flow at low Reynolds number. J. Fluid Mech. 177, 133.Google Scholar
Klebanoff P. S. 1954 Characteristics of turbulence in a boundary layer with zero pressure gradient. NACA Tech. Note 3178.Google Scholar
Kline S. J., Reynolds W. C., Schraub, F. A. & Runstadler P. W. 1967 The structure of turbulent boundary layers. J. Fluid Mech. 30, 741.Google Scholar
Kovasznay L. S. G., Kibens, V. & Blackwelder R. F. 1970 Large scale motions in the intermittent region of a turbulent boundary layer. J. Fluid Mech. 41, 283.Google Scholar
Ligrani P. M. 1989 Structure of turbulent boundary layers. Encyclopedia of Fluid Mechanics (ed. N. P. Cheremisinoff). ch. 5. Gulf.
Lumley J. L. 1964 Spectral energy budget in wall turbulence. Phys. Fluids 7, 190.Google Scholar
Mansour N. N., Kim, J. & Moin P. 1988 Reynolds-stress and dissipation-rate budgets in a turbulent channel flow. J. Fluid Mech. 194, 15.Google Scholar
Mestayer P. 1982 Local isotropy and anisotropy in a high-Reynolds-number turbulent boundary layer. J. Fluid Mech. 125, 475.Google Scholar
Moin, P. & Kim J. 1982 Numerical investigation of turbulent channel flow. J. Fluid Mech. 118, 341.Google Scholar
Moin, P. & Kim J. 1985 The structure of the vorticity field in turbulent channel flow. Part 1. Analysis of instantaneous fields and statistical correlations. J. Fluid Mech. 155, 441.Google Scholar
Moin P., Leonard, A. & Kim J. 1986 Evolution of a curved vortex filament into a vortex ring. Phys. Fluids 29, 955.Google Scholar
Morrison, J. F. & Bradshaw P. 1989 Bursts and wall shear stress fluctuations in turbulent boundary layers. Proc. 7th Symp. on Turbulent Shear Flows, Stanford University, paper 2–2.
Morrison, J. F. & Bradshaw P. 1992 The thermal boundary layer downstream of a rough-to-smooth change in surface roughness. Report in preparation.
Morrison J. F., Subramanian, C. S. & Bradshaw P. 1992 Bursts and pressure fluctuations in turbulent boundary layers. Report in preparation.
Morrison J. F., Tsai, H. M. & Bradshaw P. 1986 Conditional-sampling schemes based on the Variable-Interval Time-Averaging (VITA) algorithm. Imperial College Aero. Rep. 86–01.Google Scholar
Morrison J. F., Tsai, H. M. & Bradshaw P. 1989 Conditional-sampling schemes for turbulent flow, based on the Variable-Interval Time-Averaging (VITA) algorithm. Exps Fluids 7, 173.Google Scholar
Murlis J., Tsai, H. M. & Bradshaw P. 1982 The structure of turbulent boundary layers at low Reynolds number. J. Fluid Mech. 122, 13.Google Scholar
Offen, G. R. & Kline S. J. 1974 Combined dye-streak and hydrogen-bubble visual observations of a turbulent boundary layer. J. Fluid Mech. 62, 223.Google Scholar
Offen, G. R. & Kline S. J. 1975 A proposed model of the bursting process in turbulent boundary layers. J. Fluid Mech. 70, 209.Google Scholar
Robinson S. K. 1990 The kinematics of turbulent boundary layer structure. PhD thesis, Stanford University, and NASA TM 103859.
Robinson S. K. 1991 Coherent motions in the turbulent boundary layer. Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech. 213, 601.Google Scholar
Rogers, M. M. & Moin P. 1987 The structure of the vorticity field in homogeneous turbulent flows. J. Fluid Mech. 176, 33.Google Scholar
Saddoughi S. D., Veeravalli S. V., Praskovsky, A. A. & Bradshaw P. 1991 Paper presented at APS Fluid Dyn. Div. Ann. Mtng.
Schofield W. H. 1981 Turbulent shear flows over a step change in surface roughness. Trans. ASME I: J. Fluids Engng 103, 344.Google Scholar
Spalart P. R. 1988 Direct simulation of a turbulent boundary layer up to R = 1410. J. Fluid Mech. 187, 61.Google Scholar
Subramanian C. S., Kandola, B. S. & Bradshaw P. 1985 Measurements of the low-wave-number structure of a turbulent boundary layer. Imperial College Aero. Rep. 85–01.Google Scholar
Tennekes, H. & Lumley J. L. 1972 A First Course in Turbulence. MIT Press.
Theodorsen T. 1952 Mechanism of turbulence. Proc. 2nd Midwestern Conf. on Fluid Mechanics, Ohio State University, p. 1.
Townsend A. A. 1961 Equilibrium layers and wall turbulence. J. Fluid Mech. 11, 97.Google Scholar
Townsend A. A. 1966 The flow in a turbulent boundary layer after a change in surface roughness. J. Fluid Mech. 26, 255.Google Scholar
Townsend A. A. 1976 The Structure of Turbulent Shear Flow. 2nd edn. Cambridge University Press.
Tritton D. J. 1967 Some new correlation measurements in a turbulent boundary layer. J. Fluid Mech. 28, 341.Google Scholar
Willmarth, W. W. & Tu B. J. 1967 Structure of turbulence in the boundary layer near the wall. Phys. Fluids Suppl. 10, S134.Google Scholar
Yeung, P. K. & Brasseur J. G. 1991 The response of isotropic turbulence to isotropic and anisotropic forcing at the large scales Phys. Fluids A 3, 884.Google Scholar