Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-fbnjt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-07T20:15:32.445Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Bubble entrainment by the impact of drops on liquid surfaces

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 April 2006

Hasan N. Oguz  and
Andrea Prosperetti
Hasan N. Oguz
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
Andrea Prosperetti
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The impact of a drop on the plane surface of the same liquid is studied numerically. The accuracy of the calculation is substantiated by its good agreement with available experimental data. An attempt is made to explain the recent observation that, in a restricted range of drop radii and impact velocities, small air bubbles remain entrained in the liquid. The implications of this process for the underwater sound due to rain are considered. The numerical approach consists of a new formulation of the boundary-element method which is explained in detail. Techniques to stabilize the calculation in the presence of strong surface-tension effects are also described.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 219 , October 1990 , pp. 143 - 179
Copyright
© 1990 Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abramowitz, M. & Stegun, I. A., 1964 Handbook of Mathematical Functions. Washington: Government Printing Office.
Baker, G. R., Meiron, D. I. & Orszag, S. A., 1980 Generalized vortex methods for free-surface flow problems. J. Fluid Mech. 123, 477–501.Google Scholar
Baker, G. R., Meiron, D. I. & Orszag, S. A., 1984 Boundary integral methods for axisymmetric and three-dimensional Rayleigh–Taylor instability problems. Physica 12D, 19–31.Google Scholar
Blake, J. R., Taib, B. B. & Doherty, G., 1986 Transient cavities near boundaries. Part 1. Rigid boundary. J. Fluid Mech. 170, 479–497.Google Scholar
Blake, J. R., Taib, B. B. & Doherty, G., 1987 Transient cavities near boundaries. Part 2. Free surface. J. Fluid Mech. 181, 197–212.Google Scholar
Carroll, K. & Mesler, R., 1981a Splashing liquid drops form vortex rings and not jets at low Froude numbers. J. Appl. Phys. 52, 507.Google Scholar
Carroll, K. & Mesler, R., 1981b Part II: Bubble entrainment by drop-formed vortex rings. AIChE J. 27, 853–856.Google Scholar
Dommermuth, D. G. & Yue, D. K. P. 1987 Numerical simulations of nonlinear axisymmetric flows with a free surface. J. Fluid Mech. 178, 195–219.Google Scholar
Dommermuth, D. G., Yue, D. K. P., Lin, W. M., Rapp, R. J., Chan, E. S. & Melville, W. K., 1988 Deep-water plunging breakers: a comparison between potential theory and experiments. J. Fluid Mech. 189, 423–442.Google Scholar
Edgerton, H. E. & Killian, J. R., 1954 Flash. Boston: Branford.
Engel, O. G.: 1967 Crater depth in fluid impacts. J. Appl. Phys. 37, 1798–1808.Google Scholar
Franz, G. J.: 1959 Splashes as sources of sound in liquids. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 31, 1080–1096.Google Scholar
Guerri, L., Lucca, G. & Prosperetti, A., 1982 A numerical method for the dynamics of non-spherical cavitation of bubbles. In Proc. Second Intl Colloquium on Drops and Bubbles (ed. D. H. Le Croissette), pp. 175–181. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena.
Harlow, F. H. & Shannon, J. P., 1967a The splash of a liquid drop. J. Appl. Phys. 38, 3855–3866.Google Scholar
Harlow, F. H. & Shannon, J. P., 1967b Distortion of a splashing liquid drop. Science 157, 547–550.Google Scholar
Hashimoto, H. & Sudo, S., 1980 Surface disintegration and bubble formation in vertically vibrated liquid column. AIAA J. 18, 442–449.Google Scholar
Jaswon, M. A. & Symm, G. T., 1977 Integral Equation Methods in Potential Theory and Elastostatics. Academic.
Lin, W. M.: 1984 Nonlinear motion of the free surface near a moving body. Ph.D. thesis, MIT, Dept of Ocean Engineering.
Longuet-Higgins, M. S. & Cokelet, E. D. 1976 The deformation of steep surface waves on water. I. Numerical method of computation. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 350, 1–26.Google Scholar
Lundgren, T. S. & Mansour, N. N., 1988 Oscillations of drops in zero gravity with weak viscous effects. J. Fluid Mech. 194, 479–510.Google Scholar
Macklin, W. C. & Metaxas, G. J., 1976 Splashing of drops on liquid layers. J. Appl. Phys. 47, 3963–3970.Google Scholar
Nystuen, J. A.: 1986 Rainfall measurements using underwater ambient noise. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 79, 972–982.Google Scholar
Nystuen, J. A. & Farmer, D. M., 1988 The sound generated by precipitation striking the ocean surface. In Natural Mechanisms of Surface-Generated Noise in the Ocean (ed. B. R. Kerman), pp. 485–499. Reidel.
Oguz, H. N. & Prosperetti, A. 1989 Surface-tension effects in the contact of liquid surfaces. J. Fluid Mech. 203, 149–171.Google Scholar
Prosperetti, A., Pumphrey, H. C. & Crum, L. A., 1989 The underwater noise of rain. J. Geophys. Res. 94, 3255–3259.Google Scholar
Pullin, D. I.: 1982 Numerical studies of surface-tension effects in nonlinear Kelvin–Helmholtz and Rayleigh–Taylor instability. J. Fluid Mech. 119, 507–532.Google Scholar
Pumphrey, H. C. & Crum, L. A., 1988 Acoustic emissions associated with drop impacts. In Natural Mechanisms of Surface-Generated Noise in the Ocean (ed. B. R. Kerman), pp. 463–483. Reidel.
Pumphrey, H. C., Crum, L. A. & Bjørnø, L. 1989 Underwater sound produced by individual drop impacts and rainfall. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 85, 1518–1526.Google Scholar
Scrimger, J. A.: 1985 Underwater noise caused by precipitation. Nature 318, 647–649.Google Scholar
Scrimger, J. A., Evans, D. J., Mcbean, G. A., Farmer, D. M. & Kerman, B. R., 1987 Underwater noise due to rain, hail and snow. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 81, 79–86.Google Scholar
Scrimger, J. A., Evans, D. J. & Yee, W., 1989 Underwater noise due to rain – Open ocean measurements. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 85, 726–731.Google Scholar
Worthington, A. M.: 1894 The splash of a drop and allied phenomena. Smithsonian Report. (Reprinted with additions in 1963: A Study of Splashes. Macmillan.)Google Scholar