Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-xbtfd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-09T09:23:33.329Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Analysis of the unstable Tollmien–Schlichting mode on bodies with a rounded leading edge using the parabolized stability equation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 March 2009

M. R. TURNER*
Affiliation:
School of Mathematics, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
P. W. HAMMERTON
Affiliation:
School of Mathematics, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
*
Present address for correspondence: Mathematics Research Institute, School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QF, UK. Email: [email protected].

Abstract

The interaction between free-stream disturbances and the boundary layer on a body with a rounded leading edge is considered in this paper. A method which incorporates calculations using the parabolized stability equation in the Orr–Sommerfeld region, along with an upstream boundary condition derived from asymptotic theory in the vicinity of the leading edge, is generalized to bodies with an inviscid slip velocity which tends to a constant far downstream. We present results for the position of the lower branch neutral stability point and the magnitude of the unstable Tollmien–Schlichting (T-S) mode at this point for both a parabolic body and the Rankine body. For the Rankine body, which has an adverse pressure gradient along its surface far from the nose, we find a double maximum in the T-S wave amplitude for sufficiently large Reynolds numbers.

Type
Papers
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2009

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Andersson, P., Henningson, D. S. & Hanifi, A. 1998 On a stabilization procedure for the parabolic stability equations. J. Engng Math. 33 (3), 311332.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bertolotti, F. P., Herbert, Th. & Spalart, P. R. 1992 Linear and nonlinear stability of the Blasius boundary layer. J. Fluid Mech. 242, 441474.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, S. N. & Stewartson, K. 1973 On the propagation of disturbances in a laminar boundary layer. Proc. Camb. Phil. Soc. 73, 493514.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chang, C. L. 2003 The Langley stability and transition analysis code (LASTRAC): LST, linear & nonlinear PSE for 2-D, axisymmetric, and infinite swept wing boundary layers. AIAA Paper 974, 2003.Google Scholar
Erturk, E. & Corke, T. C. 2001 Boundary layer receptivity to sound at incident angles. J. Fluid Mech. 444, 383407.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fuciarelli, D. A., Reed, H. L. & Lyttle, I. 1998 DNS of leading-edge receptivity to sound. AIAA Paper 98-2644.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gaster, M. 1974 On the effects of boundary-layer growth on flow stability. J. Fluid Mech. 66, 465480.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldstein, M. E. 1982 Generation of Tollmien–Schlichting waves by free-stream disturbances at low Mach numbers. NASA TM 83026.Google Scholar
Goldstein, M. E. 1983 The evolution of Tollmien–Schlichting waves near a leading edge. J. Fluid Mech. 127, 5981.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldstein, M. E. 1985 Scattering of acoustic waves into Tollmien–Schlichting waves by small streamwise variations in surface geometry. J. Fluid Mech. 154, 509529.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldstein, M. E. & Hultgren, L. S. 1989 Boundary-layer receptivity to long-wave free-stream disturbances. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 21, 137166.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goldstein, M. E., Leib, S. J. & Cowley, S. J. 1992 Distortion of a flat-plate boundary layer by free-stream vorticity normal to the plate. J. Fluid Mech. 237, 231260.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haddad, O. M. & Corke, T. C. 1998 Boundary layer receptivity to free-stream sound on parabolic bodies. J. Fluid Mech. 368, 126.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haddad, O. M., Erturk, E. & Corke, T. C. 2005 Acoustic receptivity of the boundary layer over parabolic bodies at angles of attack. J. Fluid Mech. 536, 377400.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hammerton, P. W. 1999 Comparison of Lam–Rott and Brown–Stewartson eigensolutions of the boundary-layer equations. Quart. J. Mech. Appl. Math. 52 (3), 373385.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hammerton, P. W. & Kerschen, E. J. 1996 Boundary-layer receptivity for a parabolic leading edge. J. Fluid Mech. 310, 243267.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Herbert, T. 1993 Parabolized stability equations. AGARD Rep., 4-1–4-34.Google Scholar
Kerschen, E. J., Choudhari, M. & Heinrich, R. A. 1990 Generation of boundary instability waves by acoustic and vortical free-stream disturbances. In Laminar-Turbulent Transition, Vol. III, pp. 477488. Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lam, S. H. & Rott, N. 1960 Theory of linearized time-dependent boundary layers. Cornell University GSAE Rep. AFOSR pp. TN-60-1100.Google Scholar
Lam, S. H. & Rott, N. 1993 Eigen-functions of linearized unsteady boundary layer equations. J. Fluids Engng 115, 597602.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Langlois, M., Casalis, G. & Arnal, D. 1998 On the practical application of the PSE approach to linear stability analysis. Aerosp. Science Technol. 2 (3), 167176.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Libby, P. A. & Fox, H. 1963 Some perturbation solutions in laminar boundary-layer theory. Part 1. The momentum equation. J. Fluid Mech. 17, 433449.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morkovin, M. V. 1985 Guide to Experiments on Instability and Laminar-Turbulent Transition in Shear Layers. Notes for AIAA short course.Google Scholar
Nichols, D. E. 2001 Boundary layer receptivity of a flat plate with a rounded leading edge. PhD thesis, University of East Anglia, Norwich.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reed, H. L. 1994 Direct numerical simulation of transition: the spatial approach. In Progress in Transition Modelling, AGARD Rep. 793. NATO, 6.1–46.Google Scholar
Rosenhead, A 1963 Laminar Boundary Layers. Clarendon.Google Scholar
Saric, W. S. & Nayfeh, A. 1975 Nonparallel stability of boundary-layer flows. Phys. Fluids 18, 945950.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saric, W. S., Reed, H. L. & Kerschen, E. J. 2002 Boundary-layer receptivity to freestream disturbances. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 34, 291319.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saric, W. S. & White, E. B. 1998 Influence of high-amplitude noise on boundary-layer transition to turbulence. AIAA Paper 98-2645.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, F. T. 1979 On the non-parallel flow stability of the Blasius boundary layer. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. A 366, 91109.Google Scholar
Turner, M. R. 2005 Numerical and asymptotic approaches to boundary-layer receptivity and transition. PhD thesis, University of East Anglia, Norwich.Google Scholar
Turner, M. R. 2007 Far downstream analysis for the Blasius boundary-layer stability problem. Quart. J. Mech. Appl. Math. 60 (3), 255274.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Turner, M. R. & Hammerton, P. W. 2006 Asymptotic receptivity analysis and the parabolized stability equation: a combined approach to boundary layer transition. J. Fluid Mech. 562, 355381.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wanderley, J. B. V. & Corke, T. C. 2001 Boundary layer receptivity to free-stream sound on elliptic edges of flat plates. J. Fluid Mech. 429, 121.CrossRefGoogle Scholar