Hostname: page-component-6dbcb7884d-vqfl6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-02-14T08:28:33.513Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

An experimental investigation of a highly accelerated turbulent boundary layer

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 August 2009

C. BOURASSA  and
F. O. THOMAS
C. BOURASSA
Affiliation:
Center for Flow Physics and Control, Hessert Laboratory, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
F. O. THOMAS*
Affiliation:
Center for Flow Physics and Control, Hessert Laboratory, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
*
†Email address for correspondence: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

A canonical flat-plate turbulent boundary layer with Reθ = 4590 is exposed to a favourable mean streamwise pressure gradient sufficient to cause relaminarization. The favourable pressure gradient is generated by a linear contraction, yielding a peak value of the acceleration parameter of K = 4.4 × 10−6 which is sustained for approximately 13 local boundary layer thicknesses. The relaminarization process is characterized by an extensive series of mean flow and turbulence measurements obtained at several representative streamwise locations. In anticipation of the loss of standard log-law behaviour, the local wall shear stress is directly measured using the oil-film interferometry technique. Mean flow measurements show a systematic variation in the Kármán and additive constants with applied streamwise strain rate. The series of measurements also indicate an apparent decoupling of the outer and near-wall regions of the accelerating boundary layer. In accord with this, conditional measurements show that fourth-quadrant sweep events are virtually eliminated, while much less frequent but larger-amplitude near-wall second-quadrant ejection events remain. The reduction in fourth-quadrant sweep events is matched by an observed increase in near-wall third-quadrant events. The consequent reduction in near-wall Reynolds stress correlation and associated cross-stream momentum transport results in a large reduction in cf for the relaminarized flow.

Type
Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 634 , 10 September 2009 , pp. 359 - 404
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2009

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Adrian, R. 2007 Hairpin vortex organization in wall turbulence. Phys. Fluids 19 (4), 041301.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Adrian, R., Meinhart, C. & Tomkins, C. 2000 Vortex organization in the outer region of the turbulent boundary layer. J. Fluid Mech. 422, 1–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aubry, N., , H. P. L. J. & Stone, E. 1988 The dynamics of coherent structures in the wall region of the turbulent shear layer. J. Fluid Mech. 192, 1–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Badri Narayanan, M., Rajagopalan, S. & Narasimha, R. 1977 Experiments on the fine structure of turbulence. J. Fluid Mech. 80, 237.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Badri Narayanan, M. & Ramjee, V. 1969 On the criteria for reverse transition in a 2-d boundary layer flow. J. Fluid Mech. 35, 225–241.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baranblatt, G. I. 1993 Scaling laws for fully developed turbulent shear flows. Part 1. Basic hypotheses and analysis. J. Fluid Mech. 248, 513–520.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baranblatt, G. I., Chorin, A. J. & Prostokishin, V. M. 2000 Self-similar intermediate structures in turbulent boundary layers at large Reynolds numbers. J. Fluid Mech. 410, 263–283.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blackwelder, R. & Haritonidis, J. 1983 Scaling of the bursting frequency in turbulent boundary layers. J. Fluid Mech. 132, 87–103.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blackwelder, R. & Kaplan, R. 1976 On the wall structure of the turbulent boundary layer. J. Fluid Mech. 76, 89–112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blackwelder, R. & Kovasznay, L. 1972 Large-scale motion of a turbulent boundary layer during relaminarization. J. Fluid Mech. 53, 61–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bogard, D. & Tiederman, W. 1986 Burst detection with single-point velocity measurements. J. Fluid Mech. 162, 389–413.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bourassa, C. 2005 An experimental investigation of an accelerated turbulent boundary layer. PhD dissertation, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN.Google Scholar
Chauhan, K. A. 2007 Study of canonical wall-bounded turbulent flows. PhD dissertation, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL.Google Scholar
Coles, D. 1956 The law of the wake in the turbulent boundary layer. J. Fluid Mech. 1, 191–226.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van Dam, C., Vijgen, P., Yip, L. & Potter, R. 1993 Leading-edge transition and relaminarization phenomena on a subsonic high-lift system. Paper 93-3140. AIAA.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DeGraff, D. S. & Eaton, J. K. 2000 Reynolds-number effects of the flat-plate turbulent boundary layer. J. Fluid Mech. 422, 319–346.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dixit, S. A. & Ramesh, O. N. 2008 Pressure-gradient dependent logarithmic laws in sink flow turbulent boundary layers. J. Fluid Mech. 615, 445–475.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Driver, D. M. 1998 Application of oil film interferometry skin-friction to large wind tunnels. In Advanced Aerodynamic Measurement Technology, AGARD Conference Proceedings CP-601, pp. 25-1–25-10. AGARD.Google Scholar
Dunn, P. F. 2005 Measurement and Data Analysis for Engineering and Science. McGraw-Hill.Google Scholar
Escudier, M., Abdel-Hameed, A., Johnson, M. & Sutcliffe, C. 1998 Laminarisation and re-transition of a turbulent boundary layer subjected to favourable pressure gradient. Exp. Fluids 25, 491–502.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Escudier, M., Ramadan, A. & Johnson, M. 2001 Response of a skewed turbulent boundary layer to favourable pressure gradient. Exp. Fluids 30, 657–671.Google Scholar
Fernholz, H. H. & Finley, P. J. 1996 The incompressible zero-pressure gradient turbulent boundary layer: an assessment of the data. Prog. Aerosp. Sci. 32, 245–311.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Finnicum, D. S. & Hanratty, T. J. 1988 Effect of favourable pressure gradients on turbulent boundary layers. AIChe J. 34, 529–540.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
George, W. K. 2006 Recent advancements toward understanding turbulent boundary layers. AIAA J. 44,11, 2435–2449.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
George, W. K. & Castillo, L. 1997 Zero-pressure gradient turbulent boundary layer. Appl. Mech. Rev. 47, 307–365.Google Scholar
Herzog, S. 1986 The large scale structure in the near wall region of turbulent pipe flow. PhD thesis, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.Google Scholar
Ichimiya, M., Nakamura, I. & Yamashita, S. 1998 Properties of a relaminarizing turbulent boundary layer under a favourable pressure gradient. Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci. 17, 37–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jimenez, J. & Pinelli, A. 1999 The autonomous cycle of near-wall turbulence. J. Fluid Mech. 389, 335–359.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, M. B., Marusic, I. & Perry, A. E. 2001 Evolution and structure of sink flow turbulent boundary layers. J. Fluid Mech. 428, 1–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, W. & Launder, B. 1972 The prediction of laminarization with a two-equation model of turbulence. Intl J. Heat Mass Transfer. 15 (2), 301–314.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Julien, H., Kays, W. & Moffat, R. J. 1969 The turbulent boundary layer on a porous plate: experimental study of the effects of a favourable pressure gradient. Tech Rep. HMT-4. Stanford University Thermoscience Division.Google Scholar
Kapil, A. C., Nagib, H. M. & Monkewitz, P. 2005 Evidence of non-universality of Kármán constant. In Proceedings of iTi Conference on Turbulence, Bad Zwischenahn, Germany.Google Scholar
Klebanoff, P. 1955 Characteristics of turbulence in a boundary layer with zero pressure gradient. Tech Rep. 3178. NACA.Google Scholar
Kline, S., Reynolds, W., Schraub, F. & Runstadler, P. 1967 The structure of turbulent boundary layers. J. Fluid Mech. 30, 741–773.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kobashi, Y. & Ichijo, M. 1986 Wall pressure and its relation to turbulent structures of the turbulent boundary layer. Exp. Fluids 4, 49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Krogstad, P. & Skåre, P. 1995 Influence of strong adverse pressure gradient on the turbulent structure in a boundary layer. Phys. Fluids 7, 2014–2024.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Launder, B. 1963 The turbulent boundary layer in a strongly negative pressure gradient. Tech Rep. 71. MIT Gas Turbine Lab.Google Scholar
Launder, B. 1964 Laminarization of the turbulent boundary layer by acceleration. Tech Rep. 77. MIT Gas Turbine Lab.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, X. & Thomas, F. 2004 An experimental investigation of symmetric and asymmetric turbulent wake development in pressure gradient. Phys. Fluids 16 (5), 1725–1745.Google Scholar
Loyd, R. J., Moffat, R. J. & Kays, W. M. 1970 The turbulent boundary layer on a porous plate: an experimental study of the fluid dynamics with strong favourable pressure gradient and blowing. Tech Rep. MMT-13. Stanford University Thermoscience Division.Google Scholar
Lu, S. & Willmarth, W. 1973 Measurements of the structure of the Reynolds stress in a turbulent boundary layer. J. Fluid Mech. 60, 481–511.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marusic, I. 2001 On the role of large-scale structures in wall turbulence. Phys. Fluids 13 (3), 735–743.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mathieu, S. & Scott, J. 2000 An Introduction to Turbulent Flow. Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Monkewitz, P. A., Chauhan, K. A. & Nagib, H. M. 2008 Comparison of mean flow similarity laws in zero pressure gradient turbulent boundary layers. Phys. Fluids. 20, 105102.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Monson, D., Mateer, G. & Menter, F. 1993 Boundary-layer transition and global skin friction measurements with an oil-fringe imaging technique. Paper 932550. SAE.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moretti, P. & Kays, W. 1965 Heat transfer in turbulent boundary layer with varying free stream velocity and varying surface temperature – an experimental study. Intl J. Heat Mass Transfer 8, 1187.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morrison, J., Subramanian, C. & Bradshaw, P. 1992 Bursts and the law of the wall in turbulent boundary layers. J. Fluid Mech. 241, 75–108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mukund, K., Viswanth, P. R., Narasimha, R. & Crouch, J. 2006 Relaminarization in highly favourable pressure gradients on a convex surface. J. Fluid Mech. 566, 97–115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Myose, R. & Blackwelder, R. 1994 On the role of the outer region in the turbulent boundary layer bursting process. J. Fluid Mech. 259, 345.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nagib, H. M. & Chauhan, K. A. 2008 Variations of von Kármán coefficient in canonical flows. Phys. Fluids 20, 101518.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nagib, H., Christophorou, C. & Monkewitz, P. 2004 High Reynolds number turbulent boundary layers subjected to various pressure-gradient conditions. In IUTAM 2004: One Hundred Years of Boundary Layer Research. DLR Gottingen Germany, August 12–14 2004.Google Scholar
Narasimha, R. & Sreenivasan, K. 1973 Relaminarization in highly accelerated turbulent boundary layers. J. Fluid Mech. 61, 417–447.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Narasimha, R. & Sreenivasan, K. 1979 Relaminarization of fluid flows. Adv. Appl. Mech. 19, 221–309.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oberlack, M. 2001 Unified approach for symmetries in plane parallel turbulent shear flows. J. Fluid Mech. 427, 299–328.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Österlund, J. M. 1989 Experimental studies of zero pressure-gradient turbulent boundary-layer flow. PhD thesis, Department of Mechanics, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm.Google Scholar
Panton, R. L. (Ed.) 1997 Self Sustaining Mechanisms of Near-Wall Turbulence. Advances in Fluid Mechanics, vol. 15. Computational Mechanics.Google Scholar
Patel, V. 1965 Calibration of the Preston tube and limitations on its use in pressure gradients. J. Fluid Mech. 23, 185.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Patel, V. & Head, M. 1968 Reversion of turbulent to laminar flow. J. Fluid Mech. 34, 371–392.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Piomelli, U., Balaras, E. & Pascarelli, A. 2000 Turbulent structures in accelerating boundary layers. J. Turbul. 1, 1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robinson, S. 1991 Coherent motions in the turbulent boundary layer. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 23, 601–639.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schoppa, W. & Hussain, F. 1998 A large-scale control strategy for drag reduction in turbulent boundary layers. Phys. Fluids 10, 1049–1051.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schoppa, W. & Hussain, F. 2000 a Coherent structure dynamics in near-wall turbulence. Fluid Dyn. Res. 26, 119–139.Google Scholar
Schoppa, W. & Hussain, F. 2000 b Generation of near-wall coherent structures in a turbulent boundary layer. Current Sci. 79 (6), 849–858.Google Scholar
Schoppa, W. & Hussain, F. 2002 Coherent structure generation in near-wall turbulence. J. Fluid Mech. 453, 57–108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sreenivasan, K. R. 1982 Laminarescent, relaminarizing, and retransitional Flows. Acta Mech. 44, 1–48.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stanislas, M., Perret, L. & Foucaut, J.-M. 2008 Vortical structures in the turbulent boundary layer: a possible route to a universal representation. J. Fluid Mech. 602, 327–382.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Talamelli, A., Fomacian, N. & Westin, K. 2002 Experimental investigation of streaky structures in a relaminarizing boundary layer. J. Turbul. 3, 18.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taylor, G. 1938 The spectrum of turbulence. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A 164, 476–490.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Warnack, D. & Fernholz, H. 1998 a The effects of a favourable pressure gradient and of the Reynolds number on an incompressible axisymmetric turbulent boundary layer. Part 1. The boundary layer. J. Fluid Mech. 359, 329–356.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Warnack, D. & Fernholz, H. 1998 b The effects of a favourable pressure gradient and of the Reynolds number on an incompressible axisymmetric turbulent boundary layer. Part 2. The boundary layer with relaminarization. J. Fluid Mech. 359, 357–381.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilson, D. G. and Pope, J. A. 1954 Convective heat transfer to gas turbine blades. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. 168, 861.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhou, J., Adrian, R., Balachandar, S. & Kendall, T. 1999 Mechanisms for generating coherent packers of hairpin vortices in channel flow. J. Fluid Mech. 387, 3563–396.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zilliac, G. 1996 Further developments of the fringe-imaging skin friction technique. Tech Rep. 110425. NASA.Google Scholar
Zilliac, G. 1999 The fringe-imaging skin friction technique PC application user's manual. Tech Rep. 208794. NASA.Google Scholar