Published online by Cambridge University Press: 03 April 2020
We develop an asset pricing model with stochastic transaction costs and investors with heterogeneous horizons. Depending on their horizon, investors hold different sets of assets in equilibrium. This generates segmentation and spillover effects for expected returns, where the liquidity (risk) premium of illiquid assets is determined by investor horizons and the correlation between liquid and illiquid asset returns. We estimate our model for the cross-section of U.S. stock returns and find that it generates a good fit, mainly due to a combination of a substantial expected liquidity premium and segmentation effects, while the liquidity risk premium is small.
We thank Frank de Jong, Bart Diris, Darrell Duffie, Pete Kyle, Marco Pagano, Richard Payne, Ken Singleton, and Dimitri Vayanos; seminar participants at University of Essex (2011), University of Maryland (2011), University of North Carolina (2011), Tilburg University (2012), the 2011 Center for Studies in Economics and Finance and Innocenzo Gasparini Institute for Economic Research (CSEF-IGIER) Symposium on Economics and Institutions, the 2013 European Finance Association (EFA) Conference, the Duisenberg School of Finance (2012), the Financial Risks International Forum (2013), the 2011 Erasmus Liquidity Conference, the 2012 Tinbergen Institute Conference (joint with Society for Financial Econometrics (SoFiE)), and the 2012 Western Finance Association (WFA) conference; and Jack Bao (the referee and also the WFA 2012 discussant) and Jennifer Conrad (the editor) for very useful comments.