Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7czq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T02:27:15.875Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Valuation of Commodity Futures and Options under Stochastic Convenience Yields, Interest Rates, and Jump Diffusions in the Spot

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  09 June 2010

Jimmy E. Hilliard
Affiliation:
Department of Banking and Finance, University of Georgia, 452 Brooks Hall, Athens, GA 30602
Jorge Reis
Affiliation:
Financial Research Department, Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, Department of Economics at the University of Georgia

Abstract

This paper investigates the effects of stochastic convenience yields, stochastic interest rates, and jumps in the spot price on the pricing of commodity futures, forwards, and futures options. Numerical examples show that one-factor prices differ materially from the stochastic convenience yield two-factor prices when convenience yield is considerably above its long-term average. The extension to a three-factor model with stochastic interest rates leads to a different futures price but the forward price is unchanged. The extension of the three-factor model to include jumps in the spot price process does not affect forward or futures prices but it can have an impact on options prices. The model is applied to price the present value of future cash flows from a real asset.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © School of Business Administration, University of Washington 1998

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Amin, K..; Ng, V.; and Pirrong, C.. “Valuing Energy Derivatives.” In Managing Energy Price Risk. London: Risk Publications (1995).Google Scholar
Bates, D. S.The Crash of '87: Was It Expected? The Evidence from Options Markets.” Journal of Finance, 46 (07 1991), 10091044.Google Scholar
Bjerksund, P.Contingent Claims Evaluation when the Convenience Yield is Stochastic: Analytic Results.” Working Paper, Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration (1991).Google Scholar
Black, F.The Pricing of Commodity Contracts.Journal of Financial Economics, 3 (1976), 167179.Google Scholar
Brcnnan, M. J.The Supply of Storage.American Economic Review, 48 (1958), 5072.Google Scholar
Brcnnan, M. J. ‘The Price of Convenience and the Valuation of Commodity Contingent Claims.” In Stochastic Models and Options Values, Lund, D. and Oksental, B., eds. Amsterdam: Elsevier (1990).Google Scholar
Cox, J. C.; Ingersoll, J. E.; and Ross, S. A.. “The Relation between Forward Prices and Futures Prices.” Journal of Financial Economics, 9 (12 1981), 321346.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cox, J. C.; Ingersoll, J. E.; and Ross, S. A.. “A Theory of the Term Structure of Interest Rates.” Econometrica, 53 (1985a), 385407.Google Scholar
Cox, J. C.; Ingersoll, J. E.; and Ross, S. A.. “An Intertemporal General Equilibrium Model of Asset Prices.Econometrics 53 (1985b), 353384.Google Scholar
Duffle, D.Dynamic Asset Pricing Theory. Princeton. NJ: Princeton Univ. Press (1992).Google Scholar
Duffle, D.Futures Markets. Knglewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Inc. (1989).Google Scholar
Fama, E., and French, K.. “Commodity Futures Prices: Some Evidence on Forecast Power, Premiums, and the Theory of Storage.Journal of Business, 60 (1987), 5573.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fama, E., and French, K.. “Business Cycles and the Behavior of Metals Prices.” Journal of Finance, 43 (1988). 10751094.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gibson, R., and Schwartz, E. S.. “Valuation of Long Term Oil-Linked Assets.” In Stochastic Models and Options Values. Lund, D. and Oksental, B., eds. Amsterdam: Elscvier (1990a)Google Scholar
Gibson, R., and Schwartz, E. S.. “Stochastic Convenience Yield and the Pricing of Oil Contingent Claims.” Journal of Finance, 45 (07 1990b), 959976.Google Scholar
Heath, D.; Jarrow, R.; and Morton, A.Bond Pricing and the Term Structure of Interest Rates: A New Methodology.Econometrica, 60 (01, 1992), 77105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hull, J. C.Options, Futures and Other Derivative Securities, Second Ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, Inc. (1993).Google Scholar
Hull, J., and White, A.. “The Pricing of Options on Assets with Stochastic Volatilities.” Journal of Finance, 42 (06 1987), 281299.Google Scholar
Jamshidian, F., and Fein, M.. “Closed-Form Solutions for Oil Futures and European Options in the Gibson-Schwartz Model: A Note.” Working Paper. Merrill Lynch Capital Markets (1990).Google Scholar
Kaldor, N.Speculation and Economic Stability.Review of Economic Studies, 7 (1939), 127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Merton, R. C.Option Pricing when Underlying Stock Returns are Discontinuous.Journal of Financial Economics, 3 (1976), 125144.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miltersen, K. R., and Schwartz, E.. “Pricing of Options on Commodity Futures with Stochastic Term Structure of Convenience Yields and Interest RatesJournal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 33 (03 1998). 3359.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ramaswamy, K., and Sundaresan, S. M.. “The Valuation of Options on Futures Contracts.” Journal of Finance, (12 1985). 13191340.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Richard, S., and Sundaresan, M.. “A Continuous Time Equilibrium Model of Forward Prices and Futures Prices in a Multigood Economy.Journal of Financial Economics, 9 (1981), 347371.Google Scholar
Ritchken, P., and Sankarasubramanian, L.. “Volatility Structures of Forward Rates and the Dynamics of the Term Structure.Mathematical Finance, 5 (1995), 5572.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schwartz, E. S.The Stochastic Behavior of Commodity Prices: Implications for Valuation and Hedging.” Journal of Finance, 52 (07 1997), 923973.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scott, L.Option Pricing when the Variance Changes Randomly: Theory, Estimation and an Application.” Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 22 (12 1987), 419438.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sundaresan, M. “A Study of Commodity Futures Prices.” Ph.D Diss., Carnegie-Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA (1980).Google Scholar
Telser, L. G.Futures Trading and the Storage of Cotton and Wheat.” Journal of Political Economy, 66 (1958), 233244.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vasicek, O.An Equilibrium Characterization of the Term Structure.Journal of Financial Economics, 5 (1977), 177188.Google Scholar
Working, H.Theory of Inverse Carrying Charge in Futures Markets.” Journal of Farm Economics, 30 (1948), 128.Google Scholar
Working, H.The Theory of Price of Storage.American Economic Review, 39 (1949), 12541262.Google Scholar