Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7czq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-20T10:36:57.676Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Global Liquidity Provision and Risk Sharing

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 July 2020

Feng Jiao
Affiliation:
University of Lethbridge Dhillon School of [email protected].
Sergei Sarkissian*
Affiliation:
McGill University and University of [email protected]
*
[email protected] (corresponding author)

Abstract

We examine liquidity-related characteristics of U.S. firms with cross-listed shares in 20 foreign markets in the 1950–2013 period. We find that firms after foreign-market listing exhibit lower liquidity sensitivity and lower liquidity beta and suffer less from transitory price shocks. These results are stronger when firms are listed on multiple exchanges and in larger and more liquid markets. The liquidity enhancement is associated with firms’ increased foreign ownership postlisting and is effective for firms with high levels of volatility, foreign income, and foreign trading and a high probability of informed trading. Our findings provide support for global markets providing liquidity and reducing liquidity risk to U.S. firms.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Michael G. Foster School of Business, University of Washington

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

We thank an anonymous referee, Patrick Augustin, Hendrik Bessembinder (the editor), David Schumacher, Akiko Watanabe, Ethan Watson, and Shaojun Zhang, as well as the participants of the 2015 China International Conference in Finance (CICF), 2015 Financial Management Association Meeting, and 2018 Northern Financial Association Annual Meeting for their useful comments. Jiao acknowledges financial support from the Institut de Finance Mathématique de Montréal (IFM2) and the National Bank of Canada. Sarkissian acknowledges financial support from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC).

References

Acharya, V., and Pedersen, L.. “Asset Pricing with Liquidity Risk.” Journal of Financial Economics, 77 (2005), 375410.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Amihud, Y.Illiquidity and Stock Returns: Cross-Section and Time-Series Effects.” Journal of Financial Markets, 5 (2002), 3156.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Amihud, Y., and Mendelson, H.. “Asset Pricing and the Bid–Ask Spread.” Journal of Financial Economics, 17 (1986), 223249.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aragon, G. O., and Strahan, P. E.. “Hedge Funds as Liquidity Providers: Evidence from the Lehman Bankruptcy.” Journal of Financial Economics, 103 (2012), 570587.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bailey, W.; Karolyi, G. A.; and Salva, C.. “The Economic Consequences of Increased Disclosure: Evidence from International Cross-Listings.” Journal of Financial Economics, 81 (2006), 175213.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baruch, S.; Karolyi, G. A.; and Lemmon, M. L.. “Multimarket Trading and Liquidity: Theory and Evidence.” Journal of Finance, 62 (2007), 21692200.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Beber, A., and Pagano, M.. “Short-Selling Bans around the World: Evidence from the 2007–09 Crisis.” Journal of Finance, 68 (2013), 343381.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bekaert, G.; Harvey, C. R.; and Lundblad, C.. “Liquidity and Expected Returns: Lessons from Emerging Markets.” Review of Financial Studies, 20 (2007), 17831831.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ben-David, I.; Franzoni, F.; and Moussawi, R.. “Hedge Fund Stock Trading in the Financial Crisis of 2007–2009.” Review of Financial Studies, 25 (2012), 154.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benston, G., and Hagerman, R.. “Determinants of Bid–Ask Spreads in the Over-the-Counter Market.” Journal of Financial Economics, 1 (1974), 353364.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brockman, P.; Chung, D. Y.; and Perignon, C.. “Commonality in Liquidity: A Global Perspective.” Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 44 (2009), 851882.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brunnermeier, M. K., and Pedersen, L. H.. “Market Liquidity and Funding Liquidity.” Review of Financial Studies, 22 (2008), 22012238.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chordia, T.; Roll, R.; and Subrahmanyam, A.. “Commonality in Liquidity.” Journal of Financial Economics, 56 (2000), 328.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chordia, T.; Sarkar, A.; and Subrahmanyam, A.. “An Empirical Analysis of Stock and Bond Market Liquidity.” Review of Financial Studies, 18 (2005), 85129.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chung, H.Investor Protection and the Liquidity of Cross-Listed Securities: Evidence from the ADR Market.” Journal of Banking and Finance, 30 (2006), 14851505.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Corwin, S., and Schultz, P.. “A Simple Way to Estimate Bid–Ask Spreads from Daily High and Low Prices.” Journal of Finance, 67 (2012), 719759.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dehejia, R. H., and Wahba, S.. “Propensity Score-Matching Methods for Non-Experimental Causal Studies.” Review of Economics and Statistics, 84 (2002), 151161.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Domowitz, I.; Glen, J.; and Madhavan, A.. “International Cross-Listing and Order Flow Migration: Evidence from an Emerging Market.” Journal of Finance, 53 (1998), 20012027.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Easley, D.; Kiefer, N. M.; O’Hara, M.; and Paperman, J.. “Liquidity, Information, and Infrequently Traded Stocks.” Journal of Finance, 51 (1996), 14051436.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fernandes, N., and Ferreira, M.. “Does International Cross-Listing Improve the Information Environment?Journal of Financial Economics, 88 (2008), 216244.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foerster, S., and Karolyi, G. A.. “The Effects of Market Segmentation and Investor Recognition on Asset Prices: Evidence from Foreign Stock Listings in the United States.” Journal of Finance, 54 (1999), 9811013.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garleanu, N., and Pedersen, L. H.. “Margin-Based Asset Pricing and Deviations from the Law of One Price.” Review of Financial Studies, 24 (2011), 19802022.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goyenko, R.; Holden, C.; and Trzcinka, C.. “Do Liquidity Measures Measure Liquidity?Journal of Financial Economics, 92 (2009), 153181.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goyenko, R., and Sarkissian, S.. “Treasury Bond Illiquidity and Global Equity Returns.” Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 49 (2014), 12271253.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gromb, D., and Vayanos, D.. “Equilibrium and Welfare in Markets with Financially Constrained Arbitrageurs.” Journal of Financial Economics, 66 (2002), 361407.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grullon, G.; Kanatas, G., and Weston, J. P.. “Advertising, Breadth of Ownership, and Liquidity.” Review of Financial Studies, 17 (2004), 439461.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Halling, M.; Pagano, M.; Randl, O.; and Zechner, J.. “Where Is the Market? Evidence from Cross-Listings in the United States.” Review of Financial Studies, 21 (2008), 725761.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hameed, A.; Kang, W.; and Viswanathan, S.. “Stock Market Declines and Liquidity.” Journal of Finance, 65 (2010), 257293.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heckman, J.Sample Selection Bias as a Specification Error.” Econometrica, 47 (1979), 153161.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heckman, J.; Ichimura, H.; and Todd, P.. “Matching as an Econometric Evaluation Estimator: Evidence from Evaluating a Job Training Programme.” Review of Economic Studies, 64 (1997), 605654.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kacperczyk, M.; Sundaresan, S.; and Wang, T.. “Do Foreign Institutional Investors Improve Market Efficiency?” Working Paper, Imperial College London (2018).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kamara, A.; Lou, X.; and Sadka, R.. “The Divergence of Liquidity Commonality in the Cross-Section of Stocks.” Journal of Financial Economics, 89 (2008), 444466.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Karolyi, G. A.; Lee, K.-H.; and Van Dijk, M. A.. “Understanding Commonality in Liquidity around the World.” Journal of Financial Economics, 105 (2012), 82112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Khandani, A. E., and Lo, A. W.. “What Happened to the Quants in August 2007? Evidence from Factors and Transactions Data.” Journal of Financial Markets, 14 (2011), 146.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Korajczyk, R., and Sadka, R.. “Pricing the Commonality across Alternative Measures of Liquidity.” Journal of Financial Economics, 87 (2008), 4572.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, K.-H.The World Price of Liquidity Risk.” Journal of Financial Economics, 99 (2011), 136161.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lehmann, B.Fads, Martingales, and Market Efficiency.” Quarterly Journal of Economics, 105 (1990), 128.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lesmond, D.; Ogden, J.; and Trzcinka, C.. “A New Estimate of Transaction Costs.” Review of Financial Studies, 12 (1999), 11131141.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levine, R., and Schmukler, S. L.. “Internationalization and Stock Market Liquidity.” Review of Finance, 10 (2006), 153187.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Liu, W.A Liquidity-Augmented Capital Asset Pricing Model.” Journal of Financial Economics, 82 (2006), 631671.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lo, A., and MacKinlay, A. C.. “When Are Contrarian Profits Due to Stock Market Overreaction?Review of Financial Studies, 3 (1990), 175205.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mittoo, U.Cross‐Country Listing and Trading Volume: Evidence from the Toronto and Vancouver Stock Exchanges.” Journal of International Financial Management and Accounting, 8 (1997), 147174.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nagel, S.Evaporating Liquidity.” Review of Financial Studies, 25 (2012), 20052039.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pagano, M., Roell, A. A., and Zechner, J.. “The Geography of Equity Listing: Why Do European Companies List Abroad?Journal of Finance, 57 (2002), 26512694.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pagano, M.; Röell, A.; and Zechner, J.. “The Geography of Equity Listing: Why Do European Companies List Abroad?Journal of Finance, 57 (2012), 26512694.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pastor, L., and Stambaugh, R.. “Liquidity Risk and Expected Stock Returns.” Journal of Political Economy, 111 (2003), 642685.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sarkissian, S., and Schill, M. J.. “Are There Permanent Valuation Gains to Overseas Listing?Review of Financial Studies, 22 (2009), 371412.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sarkissian, S., and Schill, M. J.. “The Nature of the Foreign Listing Premium: A Cross-Country Examination.” Journal of Banking and Finance, 36 (2012), 24942511.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sarkissian, S., and Schill, M. J.. “Cross-Listing Waves.” Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 51 (2016), 259306.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Venter, J., and de Jongh, D.. “Extending the EKOP Model to Estimate the Probability of Informed Trading.” Studies in Economics and Econometrics, 30 (2006), 2539.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watanabe, A., and Watanabe, M.. “Time-Varying Liquidity Risk and the Cross Section of Stock Returns.” Review of Financial Studies, 21 (2008), 24492486.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Supplementary material: PDF

Jiao and Sarkissian supplementary material

Jiao and Sarkissian supplementary material

Download Jiao and Sarkissian supplementary material(PDF)
PDF 274.7 KB