Hostname: page-component-669899f699-chc8l Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-04-24T18:11:26.416Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Effect of Segregation on Intergroup Relations

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 January 2018

Ryan D. Enos  and
Christopher Celaya
Ryan D. Enos
Affiliation:
Department of Government, Harvard University, USA e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]
Christopher Celaya
Affiliation:
Department of Government, Harvard University, USA e-mail: [email protected], [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Inter-ethnic residential segregation is correlated with intergroup bias and conflict, poorly functioning states and civil societies, weak economic development, and ethnocentric political behavior. As such, segregation has been a subject of long-standing interest. However, segregation has not been assigned in randomized controlled trials, so the observed correlations may be spurious and the mechanism behind these correlations is poorly understood. In two experiments, we randomly assign segregation in a laboratory and demonstrate that segregation affects perceptions of other people and causes intergroup bias in costly decision-making. Rather than segregation merely inhibiting intergroup contact, we demonstrate that segregation directly affects perception and thus can affect intergroup relations even when holding contact constant.

Type
Research Article
Information
Journal of Experimental Political Science , Volume 5 , Issue 1 , Spring 2018 , pp. 26 - 38
Copyright
Copyright © The Experimental Research Section of the American Political Science Association 2018 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Article purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

REFERENCES

Alesina, Alberto and Zhuravskaya, Ekaterina. 2008. Segregation and the Quality of Government in a Cross-section of Countries. Technical report National Bureau of Economic Research.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alesina, Alberto, Baqir, Reza, and Easterly, William. 1999. “Public Goods and Ethnic Divisions.” The Quarterly Journal of Economics 114 (4): 1243–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Allport, Gordon W. 1954. The Nature of Prejudice. Cambridge, MA: Addison-Wesley.Google Scholar
Ananat, Elizabeth Oltmans and Washington, Ebonya. 2009. “Segregation and Black Political Efficacy.” Journal of Public Economics 93 (5): 807–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baybeck, Brady. 2006. “Sorting Out the Competing Effects of Racial Context.” Journal of Politics 68 (2): 386–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brewer, Marilynn and Miller, Norman. 1984. “Beyond the Contact Hypothesis: Theoretical Perspectives on Desegregation.” In Groups in Contact: The Psychology of Desegregation, ed. Brewer, Marilynn and Miller, Norman. San Diego, CA: Academic, pp. 281–302.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Capozza, Dora and Nanni, Renato. 1986. “Differentiation Processes for Social Stimuli with Different Degrees of Category Representativeness.” European Journal of Social Psychology 16 (4): 399–412.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Corvalan, Alejandro and Vargas, Miguel. 2015. “Segregation and Conflict: An empirical analysis.” Journal of Development Economics 116: 212–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crawford, L Elizabeth and Cacioppo, John T. 2002. “Learning Where to Look for Danger: Integrating Affective and Spatial Information.” Psychological Science 13 (5): 449–53.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
De Kadt, Daniel and Sands, Melissa. 2014. “The Natural Limits of Segregation and Re-Integration.” In American Political Science Association, Annual Meeting. Washington DC.Google Scholar
Dill, Verena and Jirjahn, Uwe. 2014. “Ethnic residential segregation and immigrants’ perceptions of discrimination in West Germany.” Urban Studies 51 (16): 3330–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dunham, Yarrow, Baron, Andrew Scott, and Carey, Susan. 2011. “Consequences of “Minimal” Group Affiliations in Children.” Child Development 82 (3): 793–811.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Enos, Ryan D. 2016. “What the Demolition of Public Housing Teaches Us About the Impact of Racial Threat on Political Behavior.” American Journal of Political Science 60 (1): 123–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Enos, Ryan D. 2017. The Space Between Us: Social Geography and Politics. New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Enos, Ryan D., Hill, Mark, and Strange, Austin M.. 2016. “Voluntary Digital Laboratories for Experimental Social Science: The Harvard Digital Lab for the Social Sciences.” Working Paper, Harvard University.Google Scholar
Enos, Ryan D. and Gidron, Noam. 2016. “Intergroup Behavioral Strategies as Contextually Determined: Experimental Evidence from Israel.” Journal of Politics 78 (3): 851–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gerber, Alan S. and Green, Donald P.. 2012. Field Experiments: Design, Analysis, and Interpretation. New York: Norton.Google Scholar
Gerometta, Julia, Haussermann, Hartmut, and Longo, Giulia. 2005. “Social Innovation and Civil Society in Urban Governance: Strategies for an Inclusive City.” Urban Studies 42 (11): 2007–21.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Glitz, Albrecht. 2014. “Ethnic Segregation in Germany.” Labour Economics 29: 28–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goette, Lorenz, Huffman, David, and Meier, Stephan. 2012. “The Impact of Social Ties on Group Interactions: Evidence from Minimal Groups and Randomly Assigned Real Groups.” American Economic Journal: Microeconomics 4 (1): 101–15.Google Scholar
Henrich, Joseph, Boyd, Robert, Bowles, Samuel, Camerer, Colin, Fehr, Ernst, Gintis, Herbert, and McElreath, Richard. 2001. “In Search of Homo Economicus: Behavioral Experiments in 15 Small-scale Societies.” American Economic Review 91 (2): 73–8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hirtle, Stephen C. and Jonides, John. 1985. “Evidence of Hierarchies in Cognitive Maps.” Memory & Cognition 13 (3): 208–17.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kunda, Ziva. 1999. Social Cognition: Making Sense of People. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levin, Shana, Van Laar, Colette, and Sidanius, Jim. 2003. “The Effects of Ingroup and Outgroup Friendships on Ethnic Attitudes in College: A Longitudinal Study.” Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 6 (1): 76–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, Huiping, Campbell, Harrison, and Fernandez, Steven. 2013. “Residential Segregation, Spatial Mismatch and Economic Growth across US Metropolitan Areas.” Urban Studies 50 (13): 2642–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lichter, Daniel T., Parisi, Domenico, and Taquino, Michael C.. 2015. “Toward a New Macro-Segregation? Decomposing Segregation Within and Between Metropolitan Cities and Suburbs.” American Sociological Review 80 (4): 843–73.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maguire, Eleanor A. 2006. Neuroergonomics: The Brain at Work. New York: Oxford University Press chapter Spatial Navigation, pp. 131–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Massey, Douglas S. and Denton, Nancy A.. 1993. American Apartheid: Segregation and the Making of the Underclass. Cambridge, MA: Havard University Press.Google Scholar
Montello, Daniel R., Hegarty, Mary, Richardson, Anthony E., and Waller, David. 2004. “Spatial Memory of Real Environments, Virtual Environments, and Maps.” In Human Spatial Memory, ed. Allen, Gary L.. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.Google Scholar
Oliver, J. Eric. 2010. The Paradoxes of Integration: Race, Neighborhood, and Civic Life in Multiethnic America. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Otten, Sabine and Moskowitz, Gordon B.. 2000. “Evidence for Implicit Evaluative In-Group Bias: Affect-Biased Spontaneous Trait Inference in a Minimal Group Paradigm.” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 36: 77–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pettigrew, Thomas F. and Tropp, Linda. 2006. “A Meta-Analytic Test of Intergroup Contact Theory.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 90 (5): 751–83.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pettigrew, Thomas F, Wagner, Ulrich and Christ, Oliver. 2010. “Population Ratios and Prejudice: Modeling Both Contact and Threat Effects.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 36 (4): 635–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Posner, Daniel N. 2004. “The Political Salience of Cultural Difference: Why Chewas and Tumbukas are Allies in Zambia and Adversaries in Malawi.” American Political Science Review 98 (4): 529–45.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Quillian, Lincoln. 2014. “Does Segregation Create Winners and Losers? Residential Segregation and Inequality in Educational Attainment.” Social Problems 61 (3): 402–26.Google Scholar
Rothwell, Jonathan T. 2012. “The Effects of Racial Segregation on Trust and Volunteering in US Cities.” Urban Studies 49 (10): 2109–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sidanius, Jim, Pratto, Felicia and Mitchell, Michael. 1994. “In-group Identification, Social Dominance Orientation, and Differential Intergroup Social Allocation.” Journal of Social Psychology 134 (2): 151–67.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tajfel, Henri, Billig, M. G., Bundy, R. P. and Flament, Claude. 1971. “Social Categorization and Intergroup Behavior.” European Journal of Social Psychology 1 (2): 149–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Uslaner, Eric M. 2012. Segregation and Mistrust: Diversity, Isolation, and Social Cohesion. New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilder, David A. 1986. “Social Categorization: Implications for Creation and Reduction of Intergroup Bias.” Advances in Experimental Social Psychology 19: 291–355.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yzerbyt, Vincent, Corneille, Olivier and Estrada, Claudia. 2001. “The Interplay of Subjective Essentialism and Entitativity in the Formation of Stereotypes.” Personality and Social Psychology Review 5 (2): 141–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zingher, Joshua N. and Thomas, M. Steen. 2014. “The Spatial and Demographic Determinants of Racial Threat.” Social Science Quarterly 95 (4): 1137–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Supplementary material: Link

Enos and Celaya Dataset

Dataset

http://dx.doi.org/10.7910/DVN/CVL1Q7
Link
Supplementary material: PDF

Enos and Celaya supplementary material

Enos and Celaya supplementary material 1

Download Enos and Celaya supplementary material(PDF)
PDF 5.1 MB